...jargons? Is it well laid out and organized? | Title | Is the title clear, accurate and unambiguous | Abstract | Does the abstract offer a clear overview of the study including the research problem, sample, methodology, finding, and recommendations? | Elements influencing the robustness of the research | Elements | Questions | Purpose/research problem | Is the purpose of the study/research problem clearly identified? | Logical consistency | Does the research report follow the steps of the research process in a logical manner? Do these steps naturally flow and are the links clear? | Literature Review | Is the review logically organized? Does it offer balanced critical analysis of the literature? Is the majority of the literature of recent origin? Is it mainly from primary sources and of an empirical nature | Theoretical framework | Has the conceptual or theoretical framework been identified? Is the framework adequately described? Is the framework appropriate? | Method and philosophical underpinnings | Has the philosophical approach been identified? Why was this approach/ method chosen? | Research setting | Was the setting properly and completely described? Were the circumstances under which the data was collected described? | Sample | Is the sampling method and sample size described? Is the sampling method appropriate? Were the participants properly and completely described? Were the participants suitable for informing the research purpose as described? | Ethical...
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...Corporate Reputation Review Volume 12 Number 4 A Systematic Review of the Corporate Reputation Literature: Definition, Measurement, and Theory Kent Walker Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada ABSTRACT A systematic review of the corporate reputation literature is conducted. The final sample of 54 articles (and one book) consists of well-cited papers, and papers in journals that have published high quality work in corporate reputation. The sample is then analyzed and the three fundamental problems in the reputation literature are addressed – the need for a comprehensive and well-accepted definition, the difficulty in operationalizing corporate reputation, and the ongoing need for more developed theory. Two main findings evolve from this analysis: (1) reputation may have different dimensions and is issue specific, and (2) different stakeholder groups may have different perceptions of corporate reputations. The implications for future research are discussed. Corporate Reputation Review (2010) 12, 357–387. doi:10.1057/crr.2009.26 KEYWORDS: corporate reputation; definition; operationalization; organizational identity; organizational image; systematic review INTRODUCTION There are many reasons why organizations and researchers should care about corporate reputation. The relationship between reputation and a sustained competitive advantage is widely acknowledged in the literature (eg, Fombrun and Shanley, 1990; Fombrun, 1996;...
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...Module 1 The Research Process * Is a scholarly activity aimed at finding new truths about a specific discipline basically designed to find solution to a problem. * Done in various fields of studies. * May be done in natural sciences like Biology, Chemistry and Physics. And in the field of social sciences such as Sociology, Psychology, Education, Anthropology, Industry and the like. Definitions of Research * a systematic patient study and investigation in some field of knowledge undertaken to discover or establish facts or principles (Webster’s New World Dictionary, 1994) * a systematic investigation in order to establish facts and new conclusions (Oxford, 1996) Definitions of Research * a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles or theories resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events (Best & Kahn, 1998) * purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing, classifying, organizing, presenting and interpreting data for the solution of a problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of truth, or for the expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and improvement of the quality of life (Calderon, 2000) * a process of systematically examining and explaining the observables. It seeks to generate answers to questions but it also generates further questions for study....
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...the general topic; 2. Performing a Literature review on the topic; 3. Identifying a gap in the literature; 4. Identifying a problem highlighted by the gap in the literature and framing a purpose for the study; 5. Writing an Introduction to the study; 6. Framing research hypotheses and or research questions to investigate or guide the study; 7. Determine the method of investigation 8. Outline the research design 9. Define the Sample size and the characteristics of the proposed sample; 10. Describe the procedures to follow for data collection and data analyses. Determine a General Topic The first step in writing an academic research proposal is to idenitfy a general topic or subject area to investigate. Usually this first point is the easiest because the research proposal will be tied to the overall theme of a course. In such a case, the the general subject for investigation is normally determined by a professor who is leading the class, the school's department chair, or academic advisory committee. Perform a Literature Review The next step is to read as much literature on the general subject matter as time will allow. While you read the literature it is advised to take copious notes and then summarize the purpose and findings of each study relevant to the general subject matter of the eventual research proposal. Identify a Gap in the Literature The general purpose of the literature review is not to have...
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...than qualitative or vice versa. Mixed methods is somewhere in the middle, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods. In detail: Qualitative research is about exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to a social or human problem. Quantitative research is a means for testing objective theories, deriving hypotheses from these theories, and examining the relationship among variables. Mixed methods research associates both research design. Often, in qualitative research, the researcher needs to interpret the data (evidence) collected during the research process. The final report may have a flexible structure. With quantitative research, the final report is more or less structured; introduction, literature survey and theory, data description, methods, results and discussion (for future research). These models pretty much cover the available areas to researchers in selecting the type of research design. In each research design, it helps to identify, list and associate the three components of the research design. The first component is the way the research views the problem of interest. This is called under different names, research paradigm, epistemologies (the origin) and ontologies (how you know what you know), etc etc. There are variations in these views, but broadly the book summarizes them under four headings: (a) (post)positivist world view (b) social constructivism, (c) advocacy/participatory (d) pragmatism. A brief summary for each...
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...Phillip J. Davenporte, M.B.A. MBA 5652 Research Methods Unit III Assignment For this assignment, review at least five articles according to the following instructions: • Using the criteria for “Judging a Research Study” on pages 258 and 259 of your textbook, evaluate at least five or more research articles. • Answer Questions 1 and 2 for all five articles. • Answer two questions from each of the remaining sections of the criteria questions for all five sources (14 questions for a total of 16 questions per source). • Include an APA references list for all five (or more) sources. A. “The Case for diversity in the health care workforce” 1. How Closely is the literature reviewed in the study related to the previous literature? In the first half of the study, the literature reviewed was not as closely related to the previous literature studied. The first half of the paper was used to set the contextual parameters of the study and to explain the basic epidemiology and rationale for the study. The second part of the paper was more closely aligned with previous literature reviewed. The information dealt directly with the research topic and the supporting literature and referenced articles dealt exclusively with the topic at hand. 2. Is the review recent? Are there any outstanding references you know about that were left out? I would consider this review to be relatively recent. The data contained in this research paper and the related referenced articles...
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...(Parahoo and Reid 1988). Research Design “Designing and producing research is a complex activity” (Brockopp & Hastings-Tolsma, 2003, p. 59). A well-thought-out design allows for assurance that the evidence has practicality. Literature Review A thorough literature review allows for credibility of the study. The literature review provides the foundation for the study’s significance and relationship to practice. The literature review is generally summarised in the introductory section or under a specific heading such as a review of the literature (Polit and Hungler 1997). Reference to original sources is important as information can be taken out of context and used inappropriately therefore an abundance of secondary sources should be viewed with caution as they may not provide sufficient detail or possibly distort some aspects of the original research (Polit and Hungler 1997; Burns and Grove 1993). The purpose of the literature review is to discuss what is known, identify gaps in knowledge, establish the significance of the study and situate the study within the current body of knowledge (Polit and Hungler 1997). This is supported by Burns and Grove (2001), who consider the primary purpose of reviewing the literature is to gain a broad background or understanding of the available information...
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...Nursing http://jsn.sagepub.com/ Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy Julia Muennich Cowell The Journal of School Nursing 2012 28: 326 DOI: 10.1177/1059840512458666 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jsn.sagepub.com/content/28/5/326 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: National Association of School Nurses Additional services and information for The Journal of School Nursing can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jsn.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jsn.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Sep 25, 2012 What is This? Downloaded from jsn.sagepub.com by guest on August 26, 2013 Editorial The Journal of School Nursing 28(5) 326-327 ª The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1059840512458666 http://jsn.sagepub.com Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy Literature reviews have long been important strategies to assess the state of the science. As early as 1993, Broome (1993) recommended literature reviews as a strategy to assist in the development of concepts. Many graduate students in nursing and other sciences learn about synthesizing literature throughout their academic programs using a variety of guides including Cooper’s (1998) Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews as a common reference or Fink’s...
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...might begin with the words, "The problem of the study is...." or "This study will address the problem of..." Guiding questions for this area are: • • • Does the problem pose significance for education? Will the problem present data that explains previously unexplained facts? Will the problem serve as a point of departure for the study? Purpose of the Study - this section provides you with an opportunity to tell the reader the overall purpose of your study. For a thesis, include research questions to be answered and/or hypotheses. Guiding questions are: • • • • • • • • Is the question directly related to the review of the literature? Does the question help clarify the problem statement? Does the question project a bias? Is it possible to misinterpret the question? Is the objective specific and clearly stated? Is the objective directly related to the review of the literature? Is each hypothesis clearly stated? Are the hypotheses testable? Limitations - these are constraints to the study that are beyond your control but that may influence the data. Limitations may emerge at...
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...Review of Related Literature 19 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE At initial stage of the present study, a collective body of research work, related to involved variables i.e. academic achievement, cognitive styles, personality traits/factors, and adjustment was examined extensively, so that proper guidelines and directions from objectives, hypotheses, methodologies and findings may be sought to assist the various steps of the present study like determination of objectives, formulation of hypotheses, selection of methodology and to get an understanding of relationships between different related variables. Following is the (chronological wise) related literature discussed. 2.1. Literature Related to Academic Achievement Kolwadkar (1980) conducted a study of gifted children in relation to their personality traits, level of adjustment and academic achievement and found that socioeconomic status, father’s occupation, education of parents, size of family, ordinal position, health status were significantly related to academic achievement; adjustment was positively correlated with academic achievement in case of boys. Gupta (1987) studied relationship between locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration and academic achievement of secondary school students with the objective to assess the magnitude and direction of relationship of locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration with academic achievement by taking...
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...Quantitative Methods (QUANT)–descriptive and inferential statistics (5) * Qualitative Methods (QUAL)–descriptive and thematic analysis (2) * Mixed Methods (MIXED)–integrated, synthesis, and multi-method approaches (1) * Research Writing (WRITING)–literature review and research report guides (5) Most subsection contains a non-technical description of the topic, a how-to interpret guide, a how-to set-up and analyze guide using free online calculators or Excel, and a wording results guide. All materials are available for general use, following the Creative Commons License. Introduction (INTRO)–a brief overview of educational research methods 1. What is Educational Research? (uploaded 7.17.09) 2. Writing Research Questions (uploaded 7.20.09) 3. Experimental Design (uploaded 7.20.09) ------------------------------------------------- Experimental Design The basic idea of experimental design involves formulating a question and hypothesis, testing the question, and analyzing data. Though the research designs available to educational researchers vary considerably, the experimental design provides a basic model for comparison as we learn new designs and techniques for conducting research. Note: This review is similar to the overview of significance testing, so you will see some of the...
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...Critique of Selected Epidemiological Research Article Guidelines Purpose The purpose of this assignment is to provide learners the opportunity to utilize epidemiological and biostatistical principles to critique the following research article and critique the components of the research design to determine if the design supports the research question. Course Outcomes This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes: (CO#4) Distinguish population-specific skills, understandings, and integrative abilities for genomic and primary healthcare screening of selected aggregate populations. (PO 11) (CO#5) Analyze community resources related to abnormal screening results in selected aggregate populations. (PO 2) (CO#6) Assess diverse populations within a community to ascertain health behaviors, interventions, and resources that affect health promotion and maintenance of selected aggregate populations. (PO 1) (CO#7) Detail graphs and numerical summaries as descriptive statistical aids in determining a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#8) Define probability concepts and standard probability distributions to formulate a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 4) (CO#11) Generate hypotheses, equate appropriate statistical tests, assess the validity of the tests, and use test results to decide on a course of action relative to selected aggregate populations. (PO 7) (CO#12) Differentiate parametric...
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...RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: In this section detailed of data ,research design in ordered to test hypothesis After literature review, identifying variables and developing hypothesis and theoretical frame work this section explain what to do and how to do. Research design offers guideline to researcher to gather and analyze data in order to answer research questions (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). Collis and Hussey (2009) identified methodology as the “overall approach to the entire process of the research study”. Research methodology is focused around the problems to be investigated in a research study and for this reason is varied according to the problems to be investigated. Research philosophy If research reflects the philosophy of positivismthen...
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...and weakness and its appropriateness and relevance of the design for the study. It will then go on to critique the title of the study, the abstract, the literature review, the method and design and the data collection section of the study. To conclude this assignment there will a brief summary. A qualitative research approach seeks to understand humans by exploring their experiences, attitudes and behaviour (Dawson, 2009). It relies on methods that allow the researcher into the personal, intimate and private world of the participants (Polgar and Thomas, 2008). Qualitative research designs allow for in-depth assessments and the opportunity to put participant’s responses in context (Parahoo, 2006). Data collection methods include in-depth interviews, observations, recordings and other documentation (Parahoo, 2006). In qualitative research the hypotheses are generated during data collection and analysis, and measurement tends to be subjective (Parahoo, 2006). The flexibility in the nature of qualitative exploration also applies to the size of the samples and the sampling techniques (Parahoo, 2006). According to Polit (2010) qualitative research is based on the quality of data collected rather than quantity of participants involved, the sample size in a qualitative study tends to be smaller than in a quantitative study where sample sizes tend to be larger (Gerrish, 2010). There are four common approaches in qualitative research ethnography, phenomenology, discourse analysis and grounded...
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...com ISBN 978-87-403-0820-4 Download free eBooks at bookboon.com 3 An introduction to Business Research Methods Contents Contents 1 Research problems and questions and how they relate to debates in Research Methods. 10 Chapter Overview 10 1.2 Introduction 10 1.3 The nature of business research 11 1.4 What kind of business problems might need a research study? 14 1.5 What are the key issues in research methods we need to understand? 16 1.6 Questions for self review 23 1.7 References for this chapter 23 1.1 2 Putting the problem into context: identifying and critically reviewing relevant literature 25 2.1 Chapter Overview 25 2.2 How does literature relate to research? 25 2.3 what kinds of literature should we search for? 26 2.4 Effective literature searching 29 2.5 Critical analysis of literature 32 www.sylvania.com We do not reinvent the wheel we reinvent light. Fascinating lighting offers an infinite spectrum of possibilities: Innovative technologies and new markets provide both opportunities and challenges. An environment in which your expertise is in high demand. Enjoy the supportive working atmosphere within our global group and benefit from international career paths. Implement sustainable ideas in close cooperation with other specialists and contribute to influencing our future. Come and join us in...
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