...Business and Economics University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho USA Jason C. Porter College of Business and Economics University of Idaho Moscow, Idaho USA ABSTRACT The ability to read and understand academic research can be an important tool for practitioners in an increasingly complex accounting and business environment. This guide was developed to introduce students to the world of academic research. It is not intended for PhD students or others who wish to perform academic research. Instead, the guide should make published academic research more accessible and less intimidating so that future practitioners will be able to read empirical research and profitably apply the relevant findings. The guide begins by examining the importance of academic research for practitioners in accounting and next reviews the basics of the research process. With that background in place, we then give some guidelines and helpful hints for reading and evaluating academic papers. This guide has been used for several years to introduce master’s degree students to academic literature in an accounting theory class. After reading this guide and seeing a demonstration presentation by the professor, students have been able to successfully read and discuss research findings. Key words: Understanding empirical research, supplemental readings, importance of academic research, incorporating academic research in classroom 25 26 Gordon and Porter INTRODUCTION here has long been a communication gap between...
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...CONTENT I- Introduction...................................................................................2 1- Background.........................................................................................2 2- Rationale..............................................................................................3 3- Aims & objectives................................................................................3-4 4- Research questions...............................................................................4 5- Hypothesis...........................................................................................5 II- Literature review............................................................................5 1- Strategy in the retailing sector......................................................5-7 2- Asda and its marketing strategies.................................................7-8 3- ASDA strategies and the main features of the UK retailing industry.............................................................................................8 III- Research methodology.....................................................................9 1- Types of research....................................................................9-10 2- Research methods..................................................................10-11 3- Population.....................................................................
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...Yabyabin, Jed Cedric A. Reflection Paper: What Is Strategy? K36 What makes strategy different from operational effectiveness (OE)? Is OE necessary to effective strategy formulation and implementation? Why? Porter (1996) describes strategy as the creation of unique and valuable positioning that requires a set of different activities to make competitive trade-offs and strategic fit that creates competitive advantage and superior profitability. Operational effectiveness, on the other hand, refers to performing similar activities better than the rivals through benchmarking and incorporating best industry practices (Michael E. Porter, 1996). Porter (1996) discusses that strategy aims to position the company in performing different activities from its competitors or perform similar operational activities in different ways; whereas operational effectiveness presents how the company compares, acquires, and improves similar operational functions of its competitors. Although operational effectiveness may have its benefits of building efficiency and productivity, it is insufficient and unnecessary to the formulation and implementation of strategy. This is because it drives competitive convergence (Michael E. Porter, 1996) that makes the company homogenous to the other companies in the same playing field for incorporating same operational activities (despite making them “better”). With this, competitors can and may imitate certain management practices, technologies...
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...faculty have arisen. This paper tests whether organizational commitment, as described by Mowday (1979), differs between three groups of faculty: full-time, part-time, and part-time who work full-time for another organization. The 2 authors used a 15 item, seven-point scale instrument to measure commitment of a sample of 479 full and part-time faculty at two midwestern universities. Those that worked full-time for another organization are more committed to organizations for whom they work part-time than are those working only part-time. No significant difference in commitment was observed between full-time and part-time employees. ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT Organizational Commitment of Part-Time and Full-Time Employees With the rapid growth of non-traditional educational institutions and enrollment, many educational institutions have added significant numbers of part-time adjuncts to teach courses. With this growth a number of questions and rhetoric have arisen about the quality of instruction from part-timers (Fulton, 2000; Leatherman, 1998; Rewick, 2001), "overuse and exploitation of part-time, non-tenure-track" faculty (Kavanagh, 2000, p. 26) and accusations about academic 3 "sweatshops" (Cox, 2000, A-12). As institutions consider the proper use of part-time faculty, one underlying concern is whether part-time instructors, given their generally low pay and respect, are as committed to their work as full-time counterparts. This paper seeks to...
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...Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 西 交 利 物 浦 大 学 Year 4 | | Homework Submission (First Draft) | | | | | | Homework Submission (Second Draft) | | | | X | | Course Work Submission | Put an X in the box to show whether this is homework or a credit-bearing coursework assignment Name | Gao | (Surname) | Xiang | (Other Names) | ID Number | 10113515 | Programme | Financial Mathematics | Module Title | Final Year Project (Phase 1) | Module Code | MTH301 | Assignment Title | An investigation and analysis of the factors that lead to Nokia’s declining market share. Lessons learned from Nokia’s decline. | Submission Deadline | week 13, Thursday, 05th of December, afternoon | Tutor Responsible | Ewout van der Schaft | I certify that: * I have read and understood the University’s definitions of COLLUSION and PLAGIARISM (available in the Academic Student Handbook (2008-9) of Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University). With reference to these definitions, I certify that: * I have not colluded with any other student in the preparation and production of this work; * this document has been written solely by me and in my own words except where I have clearly indicated and acknowledged that I have quoted or used figures from published or unpublished sources (including the web); * where appropriate, I have provided an honest statement of the contributions made to my work by other people including technical and other support staff. I understand...
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...ISSUES AND CONTROVERSIES IN MANAGEMENT PROJECT Table of Contents Abstract 3 1. Chapter One 4 1.1. Background of the Study 4 1.2. Introduction 5 1.3. Research Question 7 1.4. Aims and Objectives 8 2. Literature Review 8 2.1. Introduction 8 2.2. The concept of sustainable competitive advantage 9 2.3. The concept of knowledge 12 2.4. Knowledge Acquisition, Sharing and Competitive Advantage 14 3. Chapter Three 17 3.1. Research Methodology 17 3.1.1.Introduction 17 3.1.2.Research Design 17 3.1.3.Sample Population 18 3.1.4.Sampling Procedure 19 3.1.5.Data Collection Methods 19 4. Chapter Four 20 4.1. Data Findings, Processing and Analysis 20 4.2. Findings 20 5. Chapter Five 25 5.1. Conclusion 25 6. References 28 Appendix ……...…………………………………………………………………….31 Abstract Small and Medium Size Enterprises’ (SMEs) learning capacity plays a crucial role in generating ingredients necessary for attaining differential performances. Thus, knowledge acquisition and sharing are prerequisites for attaining competitive edge; it is argued above that essentially, organizations operating within a competitive business environment undertake greater knowledge acquisition and sharing through a wider set of learning orientations. There are two paths by which firms can use knowledge to create and sustain its competitive advantage. Firstly, firms can act internally...
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...Summary Transportation has played a part in human beings affairs over the years. It gave man a change to travel to different places. Transportation also provided man with the capability to transfer his/her goods, products, materials and belongings from one place to another without experiencing many difficulties. There are many kinds of transportation one of which is the modern railways. A company engaging in railway systems is MTR Corporation. The paper conducted a strategic analysis of the MTR Corporation and its strategic position. The paper performed a SWOT analysis of the company. The paper Identified options for the future development of the organization. The paper evaluated the merits of potential future strategies. The paper also recommended courses of actions that will be implemented by the organization. The findings of the paper state that the company has two strategic options. One is resource led and the other is market led. Among the two options the market led strategic option is more desirable for the company. The paper found out that MTRC’s market led strategic option to increase its railway systems will help in accommodating the needs of the increasing number of tourists and residents of Hong Kong. This option will help the company to maintain its good image in the industry. This option will give the company additional income. The strategic option to increase the railway system will also assist in maintaining the minimal incidents of traffic jams in the region. The...
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...UNDERSTANDING EVIDENCE - BASED NURSING | Evidence-based Literature Search and Review on Interruptions during Drug Rounds | Cohort: March 2010 | | Student ID: | | Word count: 3292 Additional Module 1 | It is generally accepted that evidence-based practice (EBP) is the way forward in contemporary nursing. It provides the rationale behind nursing practice and allows for the delivery of optimal nursing care. Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) involves the process of researching and implementing proven evidence in providing better patient care and is crucial as the role of the nurse is ever expanding (Banning, 2005). This essay will demonstrate that as a student nurse, the author has gained the necessary skills to conduct an evidence-based literature search and review and implement that knowledge into practice. Starting with a brief discussion on EBN it will go on to identify a suitable research question. During a placement on a medical ward the author noticed that nurses experienced many interruptions whilst conducting medication rounds and this review will consider ways to minimise interruptions and thus improve patient safety. Using the PICO acronym a suitable research question was formulated, ‘do interruptions during medication rounds increase the drugs administration errors made by nurses?’ A short description of the literature search is given and a summary of findings is presented in tabular form. Five original articles were selected and one chosen to critically...
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...Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Factors affecting motivation in public organizations Project Report Motivation in Public Organisations _________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Motivation is known as important as other factors for achieving the organisational goals. The high motivation led the employees to the extreme commitment with the organisation goals. Similarly high employee motivation leads to greater employee creativity and productivity, in this survey it has been found that the two independent variables, which are quality supervision and participation, are positively related to the dependent variable, motivation. The participation has a strong relationship level than the quality supervision with motivation. Results highlighted that all the tested variables are positively correlated but correlation of participation and quality of supervision are 0.52 and 0.30, respectively. Key Words: (Quality of supervision, Participation, Motivation, Public sector). Introduction Motivation is a force that drives people to do things. Employees are normally motivated to achieve their needs, whatever they may include. Motivation may be intrinsic or extrinsic. This is what we call motivation. Employees of a company will be motivated if they associate certain incentives with an activity of work. It been seen in India that the employees in the public sector organisations are not motivated...
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...Methodology The project is based on both primary and secondary information retrieved in connection with the theoretical framework. A qualitative approach of research and analysis has been considered to reach the desirable result. Methodology This part will describe the approach to the project. The ambition is to describe the process of the gathering and compiling information for the project work as clearly as possible, in order to enable a critical review of the credibility of the final results. The choice of methodological approach depends upon the nature of the investigation to be carried out, its purpose and problem statement. For this project, the main approach was mainly determined by the guidelines for the task. The problem statement and purpose that was composed for the project in the beginning has guided the work from collection of information to analysis of findings in relation to theory. 2.1 Literature review Telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. People are now a day’s considering to have frequent communication among them. So in course of time and with the growth rate of population and also appeal for high standard living, telecom industry is growing in a high pace. This fastest growing industry has already attracted many marketing geniuses, researchers, research companies to explore the opportunities. Researchers are trying to investigate different markets and potentials of those markets. Marketing geniuses...
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...For a business to effectively survive and make profit, they need to make sure that they are marketing; the right product; to the right person at; the right price in; the right place, and at the right time. For example; if one manufactures pens, and the target market is school children, then it would be appropriate to market coloured ballpoint pens (product) at a lower price (price), selling them through newsagents and stationers (place), and promoting them through point of sale material (promotion). A firm possesses competitive advantage when they sustain profits that exceed the average for its industry; achieving sustainable competitive advantage is the goal of many business strategies more-so when dealing with the marketing mix. Michael Porter discuses in his work that competitive advantage has two basic types; the cost advantage and differentiation, therefore...
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...This article was downloaded by: [The University Of Melbourne Libraries] On: 02 September 2015, At: 02:39 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG Accounting and Business Research Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rabr20 Fairness in performance evaluation and its behavioural consequences a Mahfud Sholihin & Richard Pike a b Universitas Gadjah Mada , Indonesia b School of Management , Bradford University , Emm Lane, Bradford, BD9 4JL Phone: +44 (0)1274 234393 Fax: +44 (0)1274 234393 E-mail: Published online: 04 Jan 2011. To cite this article: Mahfud Sholihin & Richard Pike (2009) Fairness in performance evaluation and its behavioural consequences, Accounting and Business Research, 39:4, 397-413, DOI: 10.1080/00014788.2009.9663374 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2009.9663374 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors...
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...ACCOUNTING CASES, RESEARCH, AND ANALYSIS INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT #2 MEMORANDUM TO: Professor Siyi Li FROM: Mariam Shamshad DATE: September 11, 2013 SUBJECT: Partition of Restatements as Error or Irregularities This memo discusses the main ideas of Hennes, Leone and Miller (2008) research on restatements reclassification that is studied using the guidelines from Gordon and Porter (2009) reading and understanding academic research. Main Research: There has been much research on causes and consequences of restatements. However, these researches are done using data that contain restatements consisting of both accounting errors and intentional misrepresentation. Hennes, Leone and Miller (2008) research suggest that stronger hypothesis can be developed if the restatements are partitioned as errors and irregularities. The research then proposes ways of distinguishing between these two kinds of restatements. The research question is both interesting and important. It will enhance the past literature related to the subject of restatements. Also, restatements have a significant impact on market and must be assessed properly. Following criteria classify a restatement as an irregularity * Firms using variants of words “irregularities” and “fraud” in disclosure * Restatements with related SEC investigation * Restatements with related independent investigation Restatements not meeting the above criteria are accounting errors. Main Findings: The...
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...Preface Within my bachelor education in industrial and organizational psychology at the University of Twente, I conducted this research and immersed myself into relevant scientific literature to build a theoretic basis for my topic, the impact of organizational strategy and climate on strategic employee behaviours. This paper presents the final assignment of the bachelor degree in psychology and is solely written by the author. The introduction part consists mainly of a screening and elaboration on prior scholar’s work. Data from five companies were gathered collectively with other students. At this place my thanks go especially to the employees of the company Nedap N.V. for participating in my research. Nedap inspired my a lot. Furthermore my thanks go to my fellow students for their efforts to find companies to participate. Abstract This paper investigates which configurations of organizational climate and organisational strategy lead to strategic employee behaviour which is crucial for organizations to reach their goals. Based on literature research and empirical research in five companies in the technical sector in the area around Enschede (n = 160), this paper attempts to find out if strategic employee behaviour is related to the fit between the organizational strategy as perceived by all employees and the organizational climate within an organisation. The results show that fit is negatively related to innovative work behaviour. Customer oriented behaviour; knowledge sharing...
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...The Development of a Measure of Business Process Orientation and its Link to the Interdepartmental Dynamics Construct of Market Orientation by Dr. Kevin McCormack President DRK Research and Consulting LLC Kmccormack@drkresearch.org tel.205-733-2096 fax 205-733-2094 2232 Baneberry Dr. Birmingham, AL 35244 March, 1999 ABSTRACT Interdepartmental and cross functional interaction are proposed to be critical to business success in today’s environment. Interdepartmental dynamics, a component of the Kohli and Jaworski market orientation framework, has been shown to influence market orientation and business performance. Several concepts have developed recently relating to and possibly further defining these components of market orientation. These are concepts of the business process orientation of an organization and the impact on interdepartmental and cross functional interaction. This study develops the construct of business process orientation (BPO) as it relates to interdepartmental dynamics. It also develops and validates the measures for BPO and tests the proposed relationship of BPO to interdepartmental dynamics. Copyright( - Property of Dr. Kevin McCormack. Do not copy without permission TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………. 3 I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE……………………………………… 4 II LITERATURE REVIEW (edited)………………………………………… 7 III RESEARCH DESIGN ……………………………………………………. 10 IV...
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