...known as a foraging and it is one of the oldest methods of survival for small groups of tribes everywhere. However, this method had its good days and bad days. Sometimes hunters could bring back enough food to last them for a few days at a time, and then sometimes they wouldn’t find anything at all. So, the bond of kinship began to form amongst the tribe. The premise of a kinship bond was to share your goods and food with someone less fortunate. For example, in the San tribe if a group of hunters went out and only some came back with food, the other hunters would share some of their spoils as to help one another out. So as you can see and will find out, this lifestyle and kinship bond has the ability to help the San tribes prosper a long time. The San tribes of southern Africa live in the Kalahari Desert and have so for a long time thriving through foraging. Their concepts and principals of kinship ties are so straightforward and understandable that it is easy to see why they have flourished for centuries. Specific examples of kinship are shown through how this tribe thinks, how they act, and how they live their lives. When it comes to living day by day, the San use their women to gather all sorts of berries, nuts, and fruits to bring to eat while the men go and bring back the meat. Although they only gather what they need, sometimes they have a little excess and usually share this excess with less fortunate hunters as I mentioned earlier. Now how these tribes think is really...
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...Running head: THE KINSHIP SYSTEM 1 The Kinship System of the San Vannell Berrien ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Dr. Ilda Jiménez y West January 28, 2013 THE KINSHIP SYSTEM The Kinship System of the San The San of the Kalahari, also known as Bushmen, is the oldest culture in the world dating back over a hundred thousand years ago. The Kalahari Desert, reaching across South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia, is home to some of the most inhospitable lands in the world. The San have a unique language, which incorporates a distinct “click” sound when they are talking. The San have no leader, constantly move around to find new sources of food, and are autonomous when making decisions to stay with a community or move elsewhere. In fact, they are so peaceful that “conflict or disruptive behavior is rare. These communities have no rulers, no written laws, no formal rule enforcers, and no formal mechanisms for controlling, capturing, or punishing rule breakers” (Nowak & Laird, 2010, sec. 3.6). This is due to the small size of their band, their claim to little or no private property, and the fact that food is shared with everyone in the community. Furthermore, San societies are relatively smaller than most societies due to their constant moving to find new areas to forage. Moreover, the San, known for their skills as hunters and gatherers comprise most of their diet from big game, roots and tubers. In the same way, the men of the San culture hunt big game while the women...
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...SAN CULTURE: BOND OF KINSHIP Dorothy Nash Joslin ANT 101 Introduction to Anthropology Instructor James Turner October 1, 2012 Throughout the southern land of Africa live the native Bushmen, also known as the San (some have referred to them as Khwe or as the Basarwa, as well); they are recognized as one of the oldest cultural societies that still remain active. The term “San” was historically applied to Bushmen by their ethnic relatives and historic rivals, the Khoikhoi; this term mean “outsider” in the Khoikhoi language, and was derogatory. For this reason, some of this group still prefers to be called Bushmen, even though opinions vary on whether the term “Bushmen” is appropriate because the term can also sometimes be viewed as uncomplimentary. One of the strongest qualities possessed by the San society is their strong, unified support system that they operate in order to survive on a consistent basis (Godwin, 2000). As indicated by our text, the San are a foraging culture, meaning they generate only enough food and resources to consume for a day or two; lessening the amount of surplus and need for storage (Nowak & Laird, 2010). The San believe in maintaining strong unions within their nuclear families and often joining with related nuclear families to assemble their bands (Godwin, 2000). The nuclear family is the most common type of family in foraging societies because it is adaptive to diverse situations; it is composed of a mother and father and their children...
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...The San Kinship System and Its Impact Upon San Culture Terry Barnes ANT 101 Prof. Cecil Hicks November 29, 2011 The San Kinship System and the It’s Impact upon San Culture The San Culture is interesting, and its kinship bbehaviors are varied. In this paper, I will first share information about the hunters and gathers know as the San or Bushman who live in the of the Kalahari Desert in South Africa. Second, I will Identify and describe their kinship system, briefly describe their culture, and identify three specific examples of how the San’s Kinship System impacts the way they behave, think, act, and live. Lastly, I will compare and contrast a specific San Kinship behavior to American society, and give details that describe whether or not this same behavior has an impact on my life. In Cultural Anthropology, by Nowark and Laid (2010), I learned about the unique aspects and structure of the San Kinship System. Kinship involves how people classify each other, the rules that affect people's behavior, and people's actual behavior. In the San kinship system, both family and kinship relationships are recognized and valued through the practice of marriage, sharing, and generalized reciprocity. Kinship also means time for socializing with kin and friends. Meals are prepared with the items from everyone’s hunting and gathering which allows everyone to share equally in what has been made available. Food is distributed until everyone is sufficiently supplied. Generalized...
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...The San ANT 101 Bruce Carruthers 16 July 2012 Kinship is an important part of survival, especially for foraging societies. Foraging, or hunting and gathering, is the oldest form of human society. The San, or “Bushman”, are one of the most known communities and they date back thousands of years. I will identify and describe the kinship system of the San, and I will describe how the culture is impacted by their kinship. Last, I will compare the San to my own society and the impact kinship has in my own life. The San have many kinship systems that are important to insure their continued existence. I will discuss the kinship system as it is related to food, conflict, and marriage. The San are hunters and gathers and food is part of surviving. The San follow a form of exchange in which no tabs are kept, or generalized reciprocity (Nowak & Laird, 2010). This means that all the food is collected and distributed equally through out the group. This means that no one will go hungry. This has a lot of impact on their culture as well. It prevents an excess of wealth, so no one is rich or poor. It insures everyone is healthy and reinforces social ties with their kin. “Kinship is the central organizing principle” (Nowak & Laird, 2010, Managing conflict, para. 1). There is limited property and everyone shares food so there are limited major conflicts among the San. Since the San’s kinships are so strong, arguments are the extent of their conflict...
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...Kinship- Organization Identify and decribe the Kinship of culture in Chapter 3 and 4? I chooseto write about San culture in Chapter 3 of our text book their culture is similar to Foraging culture they hunt and gather food for an living .Thye lived in rainforest and not worrying about where their next meals comes from they even share food with others.One thing about about their culture durning spare times they get together an do activites with kin enjoying one another and the women goes out in their spare time laughing with one another just doing things togther. Briefly describe the culture identify their specific examples ofhow the kinship of the chosen culture impacts theyway the culture behave(think ,act , and lives)> San culture thinks different they don't react to quickly they have an mind of their own .They have own ways of how things are done in their villages not worrying how it's done its like just do whatever it takes.They act on what the women knows especially when it comes down to hunting for food the women get the small animals and the men killed the main meats they need to eat.And being in this culture they help one another it doesn't take them all day to do things because they help each others. They lived in shelters that they build in one day from materials and locally to finished their shelters and built in one day. Compare this to your society? In the U.S. We as people has transportation to get from point A to point B an...
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...Iroquois Kinship Tiffany Wheeler ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Alfred Wilfong April 17, 2013 Iroquois Kinship The Iroquois people were very structured, with the women being the top dogs in their social setting. Iroquois women were in control of crops, particularly maize, and that gave them control over more than just a food source. Men were allowed to do their job as long as the women agreed with what they were doing. If women were against a particular raiding activity, they withheld maize from the warriors, which meant the men could not go (Nowak, 1979). Properties were inherited by females, such as land and tools. After marriage, men moved in with their wives to their longhouse. Marriage was encouraged between what the Iroquois considered cross cousins, which today would be what normal people consider to be their cousins. For example, if someone's maternal uncle married an unrelated woman and they had children, it would be encouraged for the cousins to marry one another. Marriage was a delicate thing, however, because the woman was capable of simply packing her husband's belongings and tossing them outside to get her point across that their marriage was over. Based on the above information, the biggest example of the way the Iroquois kinship system impacts the way they behave is their matriarchal system. The eldest woman in each longhouse has the authority to determine the rights to property and resources. Another example would be their belief...
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...ANT 101 Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Instructor: Katie Custer October 1, 2012 San According to Cultural Anthropology by Nowak, B., & Laird, P. (2010) the San people, a foraging tribe in Africa, are traditionally a band society made up of family and relatives. Foraging bands such as the san survive by going where there is an abundance of food and water. They practice a gender based division of labor just like many other foraging bands, primarily with women caring for children and foraging for vegetation and men hunting and providing other skills such as tool making. The san people are also leisurely people who enjoy each other’s company and heavily rely on each other. Social ties are considered very important in band society because no one can simply be in it for his own benefit. The kinship system in this culture affects all things, but most clearly, how their marriage rituals work, how the people spend their free time, and even where the live during drought. Kinship determines if one band will be taken in by another in drought times when water is scarce and thankfully, the san have both the maternal and paternal sides of their families to go to. When a man in a san band chooses a bride, he is not only choosing her, but her family too, they are now his responsibility and because of their share and share a-like system, he is theirs as well. Family is so important...
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...Australian Aborigines Kinship System Donalee Lund ANT101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology Sashur Henninger January 7, 2013 Australian Aborigines Kinship System The Aborigines of Australia have a very complex kinship system and to be honest I am not sure I fully understand their kinship system. You wanted me to give three specific examples on how the kinship system impacts the Aborigines cultures. By the time I finished researching their kinship system my head was pounding. I will try to explain how their kinship system impacts their daily lives In their culture everyone is related to everyone. The Aborigines are a tight net family; they are divided into two moieties. These moieties are really based on the environment surroundings like animals and plants. This also reinforces social and economic exchanges between the two moieties. Each moiety is given a name and in each moiety they have four marriage class names. For example; moiety A and moiety B two groups and then with in those groups are marriage class names (a, b, c and d). So a man from moiety A can only marry women from moiety B and then their children will be b’s in the moiety A. Then if a “c” man can marry only from moiety A and their children will be d’s in moiety B (Descent Groups by Dennis O’Neil 2007). A lot of times the brothers of moiety A will marry the sisters of moiety B. By marry someone in opposite moiety this is called exogamous system (outside the group). The on law they do have...
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...mother’s kinsmen. Ekwefi provides the cassava; Nwoye’s amother and Ojiugo provide smoked fish, palm oil, and pepper .Before the feast start, Uchendu prayed for the health and children of Okonkwo and broke the kola nut. Then threw one of the lobes on the ground for the ancestors. Okonkwo’s final feast is noted for its copious amounts of food – it’s almost like a wedding celebration. Though the feast is a show of gratitude, Okonkwo also emphasizes that the gathering is justified merely because “it is good for kinsmen to meet. At the feast, one man expresses surprise that Okonkwo has been so generous with his food and another praises Okonkwo’s devotion to the kinship bond. At the end of the feast, one of the elders speaks up and gives a warning to the younger generation. He fears for them because he feels the bonds of kinship are breaking, which allows Christianity to pollute their land and steal their men from their gods and their families. With that ominous note, he thanks Okonkwo for his generosity....
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...outside the household Absolute levels of women’s position on above variables, not necessarily relative to the men in their households . 2 Predictors of the status of women • Education Marriage and kinship patterns North • CULTURAL INFLUENCE South Potential for female employment Exposure Interaction Autonomy • Employment 3 Kinship and Marriage :North South Variations • Northern kinship system is characterized by a principal of expansion and the incorporation of outsiders as wives into the family > Village is exogamous unit. No exchange marriage • South represents the principle of immediate exchange and a policy of consolidation of existing kin network > Intra-kin marriages and marriages within a village 4 Women’s Economic Roles • Opportunities for women’s participation in the labour force • Perception of women and their kin group Women in North India are less likely to be doing work and in waged activity Women’s participation in labour force : Rural areas (Source: Registrar General of India,1987) % of women UP Tamil Nadu In labour force 5 22 Cultivators 48 23 Agricultural labourers 35 53 -----------------------------------------------------------------------Ownership of sewing-machine (%) 22 8 5 Purdah or female seclusion • Origins: marriage and kinship patterns, history of invasions, Islamic influence etc. • Practiced by 45 % of women in UP, 5 % in Tamil Nadu • Effect: differential use of space by women like avoidance of outdoors when there are men...
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...the mainland the languages are Kiswahili and English and on Zanzibar Arabic and English are required. Much of the literature available is in either English or Arabic because the indigenous culture is passed on through oral traditions. There are some collections of fables and idioms collected and written down by foreigners. If the family can afford to they will send both male and female children to school, if they must make a choice the male children nearly always are the ones who will be given preferred treatment for education. Education level is a determining factor for women in their marriage and professional opportunities; it also changes how they feel about their traditional labor roles. Kinship systems have always been important within Tanzania with all ethnic groups. These kinship groups are made up of the immediate family, aunts,...
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...'THE NATURE OF FRIENDSHIP" What is the nature of friendship? Different people have different opinions. Someone said: the nature of friendship is loyalty and cordiality; someone said: the nature of friendship is caring and affection; another one said: the nature of friendship is comfort and fun. From my opinion of views, the nature of friendship is sharing, trust and help. Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that we can share and enjoy in our life. When we achieve a great success, our friends can share our joys, what a pleasant thing of sharing an achievement. When we are in trouble, we need friends to offer us support and encouragement. Every time, when I felt lonely, I called my friend to going out for shopping, hiking or eating. Sharing shifted the loneliness into enjoyment. Sometimes, we just talk to each other, and we share our happy and unhappy things together. With friends sharing, happiness became double happiness; with friends sharing, sorrow divided into half; with friends sharing, the loneliness and bad mood disappeared. Sharing for the friendship is like sunshine for the sun, it makes the friendship more brilliant, and it drives the gloom away. The second essence of friendship is trust. Trust connects two people together without a blood relationship. We trust our parents because the consanguinity; we trust our husband and wife because of the love; we trust our colleagues because of the partnership. We trust our friends wherever friends live and whatever...
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...BUSINESS DETAILS This business proposal is confidential and I request that it be treated as such. I must solicit your confidentiality and assure you that I am contacting you in good faith and this proposal will be of mutual benefit. I am Richard Gerrald, a solicitor at law. I am the personal attorney/sole executor to a client of mine, who died along with his family in a plane crash on the 14th of August 2005. My late client a formal Sub-Comptroller working with Chevron Texaco Oil here in the United Kingdom and had Left behind a deposit of Sixteen Million British Pounds Sterling only (£16,000,000.00) with a bank. After the death of my client, the finance company contacted me, as his attorney to provide his next of kin who should inherit his fortune this according to them is their policy in sure circumstances. Since the death of my client, I have written several letters to the embassy with intent to locate any of his extended relatives whom shall be claimants/beneficiaries of his abandoned personal estate and all such efforts have been to no avail. I had to inform the finance company about my fruitless effort in locating my late client's close relative or his next of kin. The board of directors of the finance company now adopted a resolution and I was mandated to provide his next of kin for the payment of this money or forfeit the money as an abandoned fund. The company had planned to invoke the abandoned property decree of 1996 to confiscate the funds after the expiration...
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...Cross-Cultural Management: Reflection Part. 1 of 2: Traditional Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture This reflective report will attempt to compare and contrast between Traditional Australian Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture. Ferraro & Briody (2013) defines culture as the shared perceptions among group of two or more people, their beliefs, values and behavioural patterns, which ultimately shape their way of life. I will analyse the two cultures around Hodstede’s cultural dimensions, Collectivism. Collectivism determines the degree of close-knit characteristic of the group (Hofstede n.d.). The insight this framework provides could be use as a guide in managing organisations’ and nationals’ cultural difference. The traditional Chinese live off small area of land, mainly used for cultivation of rice. In order to maximise yield, seeding and harvesting period are heavily depends on friends and relatives to help get the job done (Gladwell 2008). This interdependent behaviour is found not only at the family level but also at community level. Chinese society follows the teaching of Confucius, which promotes interdependence and social harmony (Chuang & Su 2009). To avoid potential social conflicts and encourages cohesiveness, Chinese are more likely to compromise their own needs and coordinate their behaviour with the situation (Nisbatt & Masuda 2003). It is common for Chinese to live with their married son. Family structure becomes more...
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