...Multivitamin Review Susan St. Ama SCI 241 September 22, 2011 Tiffany Lee Multivitamin Review I chose to review the multivitamin I currently take daily. I know I do not eat the recommended daily amounts of fruits, grains, and dairy because of the way they sometimes upset my stomach. I have never really evaluated my multivitamin so this is the perfect opportunity to determine if my choice of vitamin is the best option for me. Based on the label the multivitamin I correctly take exceeds the recommended daily allowance for adults on most of the minerals and vitamins listed on tables 8.2, 8.3, 91, and 9.6 in chapter 8 and 9 of the text. According to this information I may need to research another choice of multivitamin since I my diet does provide most of these vitamins and minerals and I may not need the additional quantities I am ingesting with the addition of a multivitamin. Since I do not consume much milk or dairy products, it is necessary that I take a calcium and potassium supplement daily and as this multivitamin only provides 300 mg of calcium, and none additional potassium, I need to consider an alternative to meet my daily calcium and potassium needs. The positive news is because my diet may be lacking in some of these vitamins and minerals, I am not at risk of consuming near-toxic levels. Toxicity can cause a variety of illnesses and negative health effects ranging anywhere from nausea and diarrhea to nerve, liver or brain damage, and as in the case of excess...
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...Fat and Water Soluble Vitamins SCI/241 By: Rebecca Travis A vitamin is“…any of a group of organic substances other than proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals, and organic salts which are essential for normal metabolism, growth, and development of the body. Vitamins are not sources of energy, nor do they contribute significantly to the substance of the body. They are indispensable for the maintenance of health. They are effective in minute quantities. They act principally as regulators of metabolic processes…” (Taber, 1993, pg. 2141). There are two broad classifications of vitamins. The first, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K), must dissolve in fat (or lipids) before they can enter the bloodstream. These vitamins are stored in the liver and fat cells to be released as needed. Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, excess amounts can build up over time causing serious toxic reactions. Toxicity rarely occurs from eating foods containing vitamins A, D, E, and K, but rather occurs from taking too many vitamin supplements. Vitamins are primarily classified by solubility. Some vitamins are soluble in water and others are soluble in fat. “According to The National Institute of Health, the body needs 13 vitamins for normal health.” This includes vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B complex vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, B6, B12 and folate. Each of these vitamins provides a variety of functions to the body which can be obtained...
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...50 Celiac Disease Dascha C. Weir, MD Ciaran Kelly, MD Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy secondary to permanent sensitivity to wheat gluten and related proteins in rye and barley. It results in characteristic histologic changes consisting of inflammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy of the small intestine in genetically susceptible individuals. Significant variability in the clinical presentation of CD in the pediatric population complicates recognition of the disease in many patients. Treatment for CD consists of a lifelong strict gluten-free diet (GFD). Adherence to this diet is associated with resolution of most related signs and symptoms and a decreased risk of related complications. With an explosion of new knowledge over the span of two decades, our understanding of CD has changed dramatically. CD has gone from a rare condition causing gastrointestinal symptoms in children of European origin to a common disorder causing symptoms that affect multiple organ systems in all ages virtually worldwide.1 The overall prevalence of CD is similar in Europe and North America affecting up to 1% of the population.2,3 A large multicenter study in the United States, using serologic screening with biopsy confirmation to identify cases of CD, showed a prevalence of CD of 1:133 in individuals with no evident risk factors. Prevalence of CD in symptomatic patients was 1:56. The prevalence of diagnosed CD is much lower, especially in the...
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