...topic to be discussed will be the scientific method of investigation and the effects that tunnel vision and group think play have on it. With in this topic I will outline the steps involved in the scientific method of investigation and define the concepts of tunnel vision and groupthink along with ways to combat the effect in a policing context. 1A In matters heard before a court, a brief of evidence is prepared and provided to the court...
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...retina that detects light and process it using many types of neurons. The eye is so complex that its origin has long been a hot topic of debate and is often used to defend a creationist point of view, they say the eye is too complex to have evolved instead it must has been designed. The eye is a system that cannot function in the absence of any of its components. Even Charles Darwin remarked in the origin of species that ‘it might seem absurd to think the eye formed by natural selection’. (Fernald. R.) He did however firmly believe that the eye did evolve in this way, despite the only the small amount of evidence at that time. This evidence is hard to come by since soft-tissue structures like the eye rarely ever fossilize. However the scientific community has made recent advancements in tracking the origin of the eye by studying the formation of eyes in developing embryos and comparing these different structures and genes across many species to construct when and where key traits arose. The study indicates that ‘the human eye took shape in less than 100 million years, evolving from a simple light senor to sophisticated optical organ.’ (Lamb. T) Humans have an unbroken linage going back for 4 billion years. Almost a billion years ago simple multicellular organisms split into 2 groups, a radially symmetrical body and a bilaterally symmetrical, the bilateral then split further into two critical groups, one that gave rise to today’s invertebrates and another group whose decedents...
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...“AFFECTIVE AND NON-AFFECTIVE VARIABLES AS DETERMINANTS OF LEARNING OUTCOMES AND STUDY HABITS OF SPECIAL SCIENCE CLASSES (SSC) STUDENTS IN ADVANCED BIOLOGY AT BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012” ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- A Chapter I Proposal to the College of Education Bataan Peninsula State University (Balanga Campus) City of Balanga, Bataan ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Fulfilment of the Course Requirement in Educational Research (EDUC 115) Bachelor in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science ------------------------------------------------- By: TONY R. GAÑALONGO February 06, 2012 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction The world today is experiencing a rapid change in almost all fields of endeavour. Science has brought many changes in people’s lifestyle. It’s difficult if not impossible to live today and not experience the results of science investigations. Everyday occurrences such as hearing the weather forecast, watching television, talking on the telephone, and flying through the air are made possible through science. These are handiworks of scientists and proofs that science has become highly important in our lives and continue to change our lives and lead us to progress. The center of any educative process is the learner. Since it is the task of the teacher to guide the students’ learning...
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...Forensic Science in the 21st Century By: Crystal Lyle AJS/584 - FORENSIC SCIENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILING STEVEN HOENIG 2-29-16 This paper will examine my perception and concept of forensic science in the 21st century. It will also examine the importance of forensic science to policing criminal investigation court process, and the efforts of various levels in security. In addition to analyzing the importance of forensic science, I will give a historical approach. I will discuss the accuracy of the media representation of forensic science and how issues. Lastly, I will discuss the influence the CSI effect have on the judicial process. Forensic Science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws that are enforced by law enforcement agencies in a criminal justice system. Another definition of forensic science is principles and techniques to matters of criminal justice, especially as it relates to the collection, examination, and analysis of physical evidence. In 1929, a Los Angeles police department establish the first American forensic lab. Forensic science has been around over 300 years or more and it continues to improve and emerge today as science and technical knowledge find more improved and accurate techniques. Forensic science has come to be a critical instrument in allowing guilt or demonstrating innocence in the system of criminal justice. In the late 80’s (DNA), society was accepting of (DNA) and forensic science continues to develop and unfold...
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...Reality and fiction have begun to blur with crime magazine television shows such as 48 Hours Mystery and American Justice. These programs portray actual cases, but only after extreme and lengthy editing of the content and incorporating a narration voice over for dramatic effect. Other shows that are even more popular that are helping the media to blur the fine line between reality and fiction, even further, are the forensic dramas like: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Cold Case and Bones. These shows however, are not reality and create what is commonly known as “the CSI effect” and in my opinion have caused jurors to wrongly acquit guilty offenders when no scientific evidence has been presented to the jury by the prosecutors. The CSI effect is a phenomenon brought about by popular television shows such as: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Cold Case and Bones. and other forensic shows that are raising crime victims' and jury members' real-world expectations of the field of forensic science and type of forensic evidence that is presented by the prosecution. Much of these concerns come from the writers of forensic science television glamorizing the field, overstating the accuracy of forensic techniques, and exaggerating the abilities of forensic science. The CSI effect seems to skew public perceptions of real-world forensic science, as well as the behavior of criminal justice system actors; this is of particular concern in the courtroom setting, where many prosecutors feel...
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...A digital forensics investigation is conducted after a significant security incident has been identified. The goal of a forensic investigation is to answer why, when, where, what and who though a meticulous scientific process of identifying, preserving, documenting and analyzing extracted information from digital evidence (Marcella & Menendez, 2008, Chapter 1). The following are examples of activities which may warrant a forensic investigation (Marcella & Menendez, 2008, Chapter 1): Fraud Hacking Embezzlement Compromise to a customer’s electronic privacy data Peer-to-peer file sharing Leak or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information Theft of trade secrets, intellectual property Unlawful access to a computer Use of a company’s information technology resources for personal gain Violation of acceptable use policies Launching denial of service attacks against a competitor The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) e-discovery...
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...1)Introduction; Crime today is at an extreme high. However, forensic science has been there to help solve every crime committed Forensic science is the scientific method of gathering and examining information about the past. The word forensic comes from the Latin forēnsis, meaning "of or before the forum. The word forensic basically means the key to solve a crime.This is the technology used to help forensic teams to analyze and solve crimes.- This is especially important in law enforcement where forensics is done in relation to criminal or civil law,[1] but forensics are also carried out in other fields, such as astronomy, archaeology, biology and geology to investigate ancient times. Forensic Science is used to Identify Criminals Rape, murder, theft, and other crimes almost always leave a devastating mark on the victim. . In modern forensic science, the crime laboratories include photography section, Evidence storage section, identification section, chemistry section, General examination section, Fire arms section, instrument section and crime scene search section. 2)Origins of forensic science: In 16th-century Europe, medical practitioners in army and university settings began to gather information on the cause and manner of death. Ambroise Paré, a French army surgeon, systematically studied the effects of violent death on internal organs.[9][10] Two Italian surgeons, Fortunato Fidelis and Paolo Zacchia, laid the foundation...
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...organizational psychology differs from other disciplines of psychology because it is not centered on the individual, but rather how the individual and work place affect each other. The evolution of organizational psychology provides insight into current methods used today in organizational structures. The actions recommended by organizational psychologists originate from research founded on the scientific method (Spector, 2008). The evidence and statistics obtained through rigorous scientific investigation cause organizational psychology to be a unique discipline. Evolution of Organizational Psychology Hugo Munsterberg and Walter Dill Scott are considered founders of organizational psychology as they were both experimental psychologists and professors who applied psychology to industrial problems (Spector, 2008). The investigation of organizational efficiency and job performance in the 1880’s led to Frederick W. Taylor’s scientific management theory, which inspired the segregated study of organizational psychology (McCarthy, 2002). Taylor is responsible for the scientific management approach to organizing industries (Spector, 2008). Taylor outlined four major components to management. First, he indicated that each position should be analyzed so as to determine the optimal way of completing tasks (Spector, 2008). Taylor also determined the importance of selecting employees based on characteristics that are relevant...
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...NARCO-ANALYSIS AS A TOOL FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION Project Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements For The Degree of Master of Laws of the Mahatma Gandhi University. By NIJIL.D PREFACE . In India scientific methods have emerged as a tool for interrogation and extraction of information from uncooperative suspects and witnesses. But the legality of these methods is in peril, mostly because of the procedure involved and the nature of information obtained through these method. Most of these modern techniques are non invasive methods, which can detect deception without causing physical or mental injury to the subject. Narco-analysis is one of the important techniques among them. It makes use of scientific methods by which the medicine “truth serum” is injected to the convicts so as to prove the crime. But they often raise doubts regarding basic human rights and also about their legal validity. Also when some up holds it’s validity in the light of medical and legal principals and others rejects it on the ground of health hazards and a blatant violation of constitutional provisions. Thus the main issue regarding narco-analysis is its ultimate admissibility in court as forensic evidence and its useful in investigation scientific technique. Recently the supreme court of India in the case of Smt. Selvi and others v. state of Karnataka, has held that involuntary subjecting an accused, a suspect or a witness to narco-analysis...
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...Dell Roberson Research Process and Terminology Research Methods in Criminal Justice July 24, 2012 Abstract When people are learning about the criminal justice, they learn that research method and terminology plays a major role in the academic and law enforcement field. These research methods and terminologies used daily with the police officers or detectives for investigation cases. Effective research methods and terminologies also used by attorneys or paralegals in criminal justice field to open and close cases in the court. Research methods are the tools that identify the issues in criminal justice from its point of view and base on the nonscientific problem or issue. “Knowledge is why people create reality and describe by Comte. This paper tells different type of research methods that are applied in the criminal justice field and how the terminology involved with these types of research methods. Scientific Research in Criminal Justice In many criminal justice fields, the law enforcements start to gather the documents and data information. They begin to observe the information or facts about the crime. Many of them use a systematic method to check the information such as asking questions about who, what, where, when, why, and how of the crime. They begin to gathering the piece together, by the facts and determining if there is enough evidence for the case. The hypothesis takes a part...
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...sciences, most scientific disciplines have to bend and adapt these rules, especially sciences involving the unpredictability of natural organisms and humans. In many ways, it is not always important to know the exact scientific method, to the letter, but any scientist should have a good understanding of the underlying principles. In many ways, if you are going to bend and adapt the rules, you need to understand the rules in the first place. Empirical Science is based purely around observation and measurement, and the vast majority of research involves some type of practical experimentation. This can be anything, from measuring the Doppler Shift of a distant galaxy to handing out questionnaires in a shopping center. This may sound obvious, but this distinction stems back to the time of the Ancient Greek Philosophers. Cutting a long story short, Plato believed that all knowledge could be reasoned; Aristotle that knowledge relied upon empirical observation and measurement. This does bring up one interesting anomaly. Strictly speaking, the great physicists, such as Einstein and Stephen Hawking, are not scientists. They generate sweeping and elegant theories and mathematical models to describe the universe and the very nature of time, but measure nothing. In reality, they are mathematicians, occupying their own particular niche, and they should properly be referred to as theoreticians. Still, they are still commonly referred to as scientists and do touch upon the scientific method in that...
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...One of the greatest scientific mystery has involved the comet that caused extinction of dinosaurs and mass destruction to food chain that has existed. Although the modern world has advanced significantly in technology and science, there is still much more mystery to be discovered about the early earth and the events that took place for the extinction of many species. Many scientists have created multiple theories on how the dinosaurs and other species went extinct. Walter Alvarez, a Berkeley scientist, investigates the giant impact and writes “T. rex and the Crater of Doom,” which explains a giant extraterrestrial impact that brought destruction to many of the plant and animal species, including dinosaurs, sixty five million years ago. Alvarez...
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...THIRD GRADE SCIENCE GRADE LEVEL CONTENT EXPECTATIONS SCIENCE PROCESSES 3 v.1.09 Welcome to Michigan’s K-7 Grade Level Content Expectations Purpose & Overview In 2004, the Michigan Department of Education embraced the challenge of creating Grade Level Content Expectations in response to the Federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This act mandated the existence of a set of comprehensive state grade level assessments in mathematics and English language arts that are designed based on rigorous grade level content. In addition, assessments for science in elementary, middle, and high school were required. To provide greater clarity for what students are expected to know and be able to do by the end of each grade, expectations for each grade level have been developed for science. In this global economy, it is essential that Michigan students possess personal, social, occupational, civic, and quantitative literacy. Mastery of the knowledge and essential skills defined in Michigan’s Grade Level Content Expectations will increase students’ ability to be successful academically, and contribute to the future businesses that employ them and the communities in which they choose to live. Reflecting best practices and current research, the Grade Level Content Expectations provide a set of clear and rigorous expectations for all students, and provide teachers with clearly defined statements of what students should know and be able to do as they progress through school. PHYSICAL...
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...study of science and technology includes both processes and bodies of knowledge. Scientific processes are the ways scientists investigate and communicate about the natural world. The scientific body of knowledge includes concepts, principles, facts, laws, and theories about the way the world around us works. Technology includes the technological design process and the body of knowledge related to the study of tools and the effect of technology on society. Science and technology merge in the pursuit of knowledge and solutions to problems that require the application of scientific understanding and product design. Solving technological problems demands scientific knowledge while modern technologies make it possible to discover new scientific knowledge. In a world shaped by science and technology, it is important for students to learn how science and technology connect with the demands of society and the knowledge of all content areas. It is equally important that students are provided with learning experiences that integrate tools, knowledge, and processes of science and technology. The Science and Technology Standards outline the essential understandings of these disciplines. Standard A describes four themes that serve as a broad scaffold for understanding and organizing student understanding of the content and processes of science and technology. Standard B describes the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design. As a...
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...Orange Instructional Unit Grades 3-6 By: Jennifer Palermiti This unit will look into the many different uses of an orange, combing science, history, language arts, and mathematics with a Florida based theme. This unit can be used to teach students of a wide variety of ages and abilities. Goal and Standard Goal 1 – To understand different information about the history of oranges, where they come from and how they can be used in today’s societies. Goal 2 – To find out where the largest orange groves are located in the world and how many oranges they grow every year. Content Concepts/Skills Changes in nature; how oranges grow; experiments with oranges; Counting oranges in a grove Materials Library books about oranges; five or six different kinds of oranges; PDF downloads & website activities. Vocabulary Round, Sweet, Tart, Juicy, Hard, Seeds, Vitamin, Juice, Navel, ripe, delicious, Orange Instructional Sequence Make a KWL Chart with your students. Ask them to tell you what they know about oranges. Get different responses from your students by asking questions. Write your students responses on the chart paper or a white board so that all students can see. You may also want your students to copy the responses on a smaller chart like a hand out. Read a short story about oranges that is appropriate for your students. The Story of Florida Orange Juice by Chet Townsend Have class review the process in which oranges are grown on trees by using sentence strips. All...
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