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Scott Tully

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The Nature of Clouds
Scott Tully
Thomas Edison State College

Abstract
Clouds are formed when moist air is cooled sufficiently for its water vapor content to reach saturation, followed either by condensation to form water droplets, or by deposition to produce ice crystals. Usually the cooling occurs when relatively warm air from near the ground is carried up and expands into colder, lower pressure levels higher in the atmosphere. The formation of droplets or crystals normally require the presense of tiny airborne nuclei in the atmosphere, which serve as sites for condensation or deposition to occur. There are various mechanisms that drive this movement and each gives rise to a distinctive set of cloud types. The type and strength of the uplift can result in anything from benign cumulus or cirrus clouds to violent cumulonimbus storm clouds. With rare exceptions, clouds exist entirely within the troposphere, the lower layer of the atmosphere. I have put together this cloud chart to provide examplees of various cloud formations, and explanations of their creation.

Low Level Clouds
Low-level clouds are found below 6,500 feet and although they are mostly made up of water droplets. They can also be composed of ice particles and snow in very cold temperatures. Stratus clouds are among the low-lying clouds. They are gray clouds that cover the entire sky and can be the result of very thick fog lifting in the morning. Nimbostratus clouds are dark gray clouds that produce falling rain or snow. (Fry, 2010)
Figure [ 1 ] Low Level Clouds. Courtesy: free-online-private-pilot-ground-school.com
These are the lower types of clouds to affect out weather. They can be cummulus, nimbostratus, stratocumulus, or stratus. Fog close to the ground can also be included in this category. These clouds generaly consist of water droplets. These droplets are initiated by water vapor

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