...User Domain Vulnerabilities * CD dives and usb ports Disable internal drives and usb ports and enable auto antivirus scanning for any inserted media and email attachments * User destruction of data or systems Restrict access to job essential systems/applications. Keep write permissions to a minimum. Workstation Domain Vulnerabilities * Download of photos music and videos from the internet Enable content filtering and workstation auto antivirus scans for all new files * Desktop/laptop application software vulnerabilities Establish a software vulnerability upgrade procedure and push software and security patches in a timely manner LAN Domain Vulnerabilities * Unauthorized access to LAN Implement security measures to gain access to data closets/centers. ie. Access ID cards. * Securing confidentiality of data transmissions via WLAN Use encryption for all wireless transmissions on the WLAN. LAN-to-WAN Domain Vulnerabilities * Router, firewall, and network OS software vulnerabilities Apply security fixes and software patches right away with a 0 day WoV * Unauthorized network probing Disable ping, probing, and port scanning on all external network enabled devices in the domain. WAN Domain Vulnerabilities * Easy to eavesdrop on Use VPN’s and encryption for all transmissions * DoS, DDoS attacks Enable filters to firewalls and router WAN interfaces to block TCP SYN and ping. Remote Access Domain Vulnerabilities * ID and password attacks...
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...User Domain: The first layer of security in a multi-layer security plan. It’s also the weakest in the IT Infrastructure. Certain protocols and procedures need to be followed. • Implement and Conduct Security Awareness Training. • Implement Acceptable Use Policy (AUP). • Monitor employee behaviors. • Restrict access to users to certain programs and areas. Workstation Domain: The second layer of security in a MLS plan. This is where most users connect via Workstation computers, PDA’s, Laptops and smartphones. • Admins create a strong password policy, by making a minimum amount of characters with capitalization and numbers • Enable Up to date anti-virus programs. • Implement a mandated Employee Security Awareness Training. • Limit access to company approved devices only. • Disable CD drives and USB ports. LAN Domain: The third layer of security in the MLS plan. This is the collection of computers in an area to one another or to a common connection medium. To prevent the unauthorized access, recommend implementing the following: • Physically secure the wiring closets and data centers. • Implement encryption procedures. • Implement strict access policies and second-level authentication. • Implement WLAN network keys that require a password for wireless access. • Implement LAN server and configuration standards, procedures, and guidelines. LAN-to-WAN Domain: The fourth layer in the MLS plan. This is where the IT infrastructure is linked to a wide area network and the...
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...1. Anwar and Leah are concerned about protecting the funds in their estate after it is passed to their children. They have tried to structure their wills in as optimal a manner as possible, but their advisor has told them that once the children receive the funds, it is up to the children to take certain steps in order to protect the funds into the future. Explain some of the steps that their children (i.e. not Anwar or Leah) could do to help protect their inheritances. 5 MARKS (5 marks) Anwar and Leah, in order to protect the funds in your estate after it is passed onto your children David, Amal and Lisa. There are many steps we can take. However, it is not always possible to protect assets from claims by a former spouse or partner, especially since we are in a society where the statistics show that 50% of all marriages will end with a divorce. There are a few precautions your children can take to protect their inheritances. In David's instance since he is currently the only one married and without a marriage contract, if he wants all inheritances to remain exempt from his current spouse, he would need to discuss with his wife about setting up a marriage contract. This could be a difficult conversation to have and may put a strain on the relationship between David and his wife. She would have to agree on setting up a marriage contract and agree to the terms of being excluded from his inheritances from his parents. A marriage contract is a legal document that discloses all...
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...five specific server roles. When it comes to installing Active Directory Domain Services it creates a forest which holds all the FSMO’s roles for each new domain that you add to active directory. FSMO roles have been implemented to perform a job that avoids corruption due to conflicting simultaneous changes; they are performed by one specific server that prevents database corruption. These five specific server roles are divided between domain-wide and forest-wide operations. There are three roles that are domain specific these include, Relative Identifier (RID) Master, Infrastructure Master, and Primary Domain Controller (PDC) Emulator. The RID has a responsibility of creating a team of identifiers used when new accounts, groups, and computers are created. This is a part of security identifiers (SID) which is used to identify an object throughout the domain. The Infrastructure Master is accountable for replicated changes to an object’s SID or distinguished name (DN). Infrastructure Master and global catalog work closely together but are not serviced on the same domain controller due to the fact that if they were on the same domain controller it would be difficult to know the other information has changed. Last one on the list the Primary Domain Controller Emulator (PDC) is held accountable for managing time synchronization within a domain edits to Group Policy Objects (GPO), and replication of security-sensitive account events, such as password changes and account lockouts...
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...Ordinary People are allowed to be robbed from their private property by the government! On May 24, the City Council of Dallas discussed item #11 on its agenda. Item #11 involves a case of eminent domain in which the council wants to low-ball an individual landowner out of his property to construct a ‘much needed’ waterline. For years, the owner, Monty Bennett, a wealthy businessman who founded the Ashford Hospitality Trust, has sued the council. He urges the Council to construct said pipeline around his property instead of right through it. Bennett’s family purchased the land in 1955. In order to protect his land, Bennett has constructed a cemetery on his property for under Texas Law 711.035 cemeteries are exempt from "taxation, seizure by creditors and eminent domain."...
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...and the domain controller that authenticates it. 2. The PDC Emulator is responsible for managing time synchronization within a domain. 3. You can improve login times in a site that does not contain a global catalog server by implementing universal group membership caching. 4. To add or remove an application directory partition from Active Directory, the Domain Naming Master needs to be accessible. 5. If a domain controller that holds a FSMO role fails and will not be returned to the network, you can seize the FSMO role to another domain controller. 6. You can add additional attributes to the partial attribute set (PAS) by modifying the Active Directory schema. 7. The security identifier (SID) uniquely identifies an object within an Active Directory domain, but will change if an object is moved from one domain to another. 8. The Infrastructure Master FSMO role should not be housed on a domain controller that has been configured as a global catalog. 9. You can transfer the Domain Naming Master FSMO from one domain controller to another using the Active Directory Domains and Trusts MMC snap-in. 10. Membership information for a (an) universal group is stored on the global catalog. Case Scenarios Scenario 4-1: FSMO Role Placement-1 Contoso Pharmaceuticals has 500 employees in 14 locations. The company headquarters is in Hartford, Connecticut. All locations are part of the contoso .com domain, contain...
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...Brian Gobrecht IT255 Project Part 1 The domains of an infrastructure are broken down into several parts. The User, Workstation, LAN, LAN-to-Wan, Remote Access, Wan, and System/Application domains. All of these are a very crucial part of a domain structure and if one fails to do its proper job most of it or all of it will come to a screeching halt. The User Domain is pretty self-explanatory yes a system can do without a user but by itself it’s more probable to breakdowns and other things to go wrong. So to help the user out in a way it’s not damaging to the infrastructure. One way is to have the computer scan for viruses in anything that plugs into the usb slot such as a portable hard drive or a memory card. As for unauthorized downloads such as music or photos I suggest enable content filtering. Workstation domains are another vital part of keeping the system healthy at most times. To protect this I suggest either at the door of the server room keycards to get in and at the workstation itself both a physical and pass worded approach to ensure the right person is getting in. And to add further measure of security the room would be camera surveyed and users will be logged. A LAN domain can be a very volatile domain with all the wiring and NIC cards and LAN switches common in most rooms. If we are to hopefully secure this part of the domain I would like to be able to restrict access to the computers and laptops that are only necessary to the work environment. So if someone...
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...any data transferred has to stay inside wherever the domains are. While there are seven IT infrastructure domains, there are only three that are actually affected by the “Internal Use Only” data standard. These domains are the user domain, workstation domain and the LAN domain. As with all infrastructures these domains have their own tasks and responsibilities. The user domain is the first layer of the IT infrastructure defense system. This domain is used to access systems, applications, data and more. You will also find the AUP or Acceptable Use Policy here. The AUP is a policy tells the user what they are and are not allowed to do with any organization-owned IT equipment. This domain is affected by the Internal Use Only standard because it is the first partition of the IT Infrastructure. After the user domain, we have the workstation domain. This domain is used to configure hardware and hardening systems. Hardening systems is the process of ensuring that controls are in place to handle any known threats. This process is done by ensuring that the infrastructure has all the latest software revisions, security patches, and systems configurations. But these aren’t the only things that go on in the domain, this is also where the antivirus files are verified. While you would think that this would be a good place this domain needs additional layers of defense because multiple users can access the workstation domain. A way this can be done is by implementing workstation...
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...1. Identify threats to the seven domains of IT within the organization. User Domain: Employee lack of education. A social engineer can trick an employee into giving up there credentials. Users can visit risky web sites and download and execute infected software. Workstation Domain: Susceptible to malicious software. The anti-virus software is installed and up to date. Computers that aren’t patched can be exploited. LAN Domain: Any data on the network that is not secured with appropriate access controls is vulnerable. Weak passwords can be cracked. Permissions that aren’t assigned properly allow unauthorized access. LAN to WAN Domain: Users can visit risky web sites and download and execute infected software. Firewalls with unnecessary ports open allow access to the internal network from the internet. WAN Domain: Any public facing server is susceptible to DoS and DDoS attacks. A FTP server that allows anonymous uploads can host worms from hackers. Remote Access Domain: An attacker can access unprotected connections allowing the attacker to capture and read the data. System/Application Domain: Threats would be not changing default passwords, unneeded services and protocols. 2. Identify the vulnerability’s in the seven domains. User Domain: User’s going to unrestricted websites and executing infected software. Workstation Domain: If computers anti- virus software is not up to date then it is exploited. LAN Domain: A user that doesn’t change their password on...
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...ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956 defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines. The field was founded on the claim that a central property of humans, intelligence—the sapience of Homo sapiens—can be so precisely described that it can be simulated by a machine. This raises philosophical issues about the nature of the mind and the ethics of creating artificial beings, issues which have been addressed by myth, fiction and philosophy since antiquity.Artificial intelligence has been the subject of optimism, but has also suffered setbacks and, today, has become an essential part of the technology industry, providing the heavy lifting for many of the most difficult problems in computer science. AI research is highly technical and specialized, and deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other.]Subfields have grown up around particular institutions, the work of individual researchers, the solution of specific problems, longstanding differences of opinion about how AI should be done and the application of widely differing tools. The central problems of AI include such traits as reasoning...
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...For how many users there will be I would recommend that there be a Domain Controller (DC) at each branch and main office. If there is one at each school than I would recommend that there be a backup for each DC. This is based on if one fails that the other will back it up without using the bandwidth from one of the other schools. This well help the load controller to manage the load better as well. There are also many things that could go into this like what is the pipeline that connects the schools or how much IT support each school will have. If the schools lack IT to support I would recommend a read only DC, however if they have IT support I would recommend a read and write DC (Microsoft, 2009). What this would do is help manage the Domain from anywhere in the network. I feel it is important to have backup for everything in the network. My reasoning for this is the money up front will be lease then if something fails and takes down the network for hours this could cost a company a lot of money. If the schools have IT support I would go with the read and write DC. This would help manage the Domain and things on the Domain could be change if needed. It is best to have at least one Global Catalog at each campus. This is important, because what is does is stores a replica of all directory partition in the forest. I am big on if you have server role or server you should always have a backup for them. This is why I would recommend two Global Catalog servers at each location too...
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...Existing noninferential, formatted data systems provide users with tree-structured files or slightly more general network models of the data. In Section 1, inadequacies of these models are discussed. A model based on n-ary relations, a normal form for data base relations, and the concept of a universal data sublanguage are introduced. In Section 2, certain operations on relations (other than logical inference) are discussed and applied to the problems of redundancy and consistency in the user’s model. KEY WORDS AND PHRASES: data bank, data base, data structure, data organization, hierarchies of data, networks of data, relations, derivability, redundancy, consistency, composition, join, retrieval language, predicate calculus, security, data integrity CR CATEGORIES: 3.70, 3.73, 3.75, 4.20, 4.22, 4.29 1. Relational Model and Normal Form 1 .I. INTR~xJ~TI~N This paper is concerned with the application of elementary relation theory to systems which provide shared access to large banks of formatted data. Except for a paper by Childs [l], the principal application of relations to data systems...
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...Administrators group can schedule backups using the Windows Server Backup utility or the Wbadmin.exe command-line tool. Scheduled backups will reformat the desired drive that hosts the backup files, and can only be performed on a local physical drive that does not have any critical volumes. With all this taken into consideration I would perform a manual backup every time a major change is taking place and then use a scheduled backup every month to make sure every small change is saved and is not over looked. When a domain has multiple domain controllers, the Active Directory database is replicated within each domain controller. Windows Server 2008 allows several different restoration methods, depending on the goals for your restore. Wbadmin, is the command-line component of the Windows Server Backup snap-in, which restores a single Active Directory domain controller to its state before the backup. This method of restoring can be used to restore a single domain controller to a point in time when it was considered good. The Ntdsutil command-line utility allows you to perform an authoritative restore. An authoritative restore cannot be performed using any other Windows Server 2008 tool. This type of restore is helpful in correcting administrative...
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...name Institution name Date Introduction Question: Is the policy of eminent domain providing for the public welfare, through the taking of privately owned property, using a rightful procedure involving due process and just compensation as it was intended to do when the policy was founded? Eminent domain is the inherent power of the government to take over a citizen's property for public use without the owner's consent. Initially, this public policy originated in the Middle Ages throughout the world. It became part of the British common law before reaching the United States where it was then illustrated in the US Constitution in 1791 (Britannica: eminent domain). The Fifth Amendment granted the federal government the right to exercise eminent domain, provided protection to individuals, and protected the property rights of citizens. Shortly after the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment made the federal guarantee of “just compensation” applicable to the states. The use of eminent domain power to promote economic development, particularly in urban centers of the United States, has become the focus of significant controversy in this present day. This is commonly done when the acquisition of property is needed for the completion of certain project. Projects intended for the public good such as highways, bridges, schools, and government buildings have been created from Eminent Domain. The policy pertains to every independent government. It requires very little constitutional...
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...levels determine the available Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) domain or forest capabilities. They also determine which Windows Server operating systems you can run on domain controllers in the domain or forest. However, functional levels do not affect which operating systems you can run on workstations and member servers that are joined to the domain or forest. What are the DNS requirements to install active directory? When you install Active Directory on a member server, the member server is promoted to a domain controller. Active Directory uses DNS as the location mechanism for domain controllers, enabling computers on the network to obtain IP addresses of domain controllers. During the installation of Active Directory, the service (SRV) and address (A) resource records are dynamically registered in DNS, which are necessary for the successful functionality of the domain controller locator (Locator) mechanism. What are trust relationships and how are they used? In the Windows NT domain model, domains had to be bound together through trust relationships simply because the SAM databases used in those domains could not be joined. What this meant was that where a domain trusted another Windows NT domain, the members of the domain could access network resources located in the other domain. Defining trust relationships between domains eliminates the need for an Administrator to configure user accounts in multiple domains. What are the FSMO role defaults, how many there...
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