...journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1361-2026.htm JFMM 12,1 Attitudes toward domestic and foreign luxury brand apparel A comparison between status and non status seeking teenagers Ian Phau and Yip Siew Leng The School of Marketing, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia Abstract Purpose – The purpose of the current research is to determine if status and non-status seeking Australian teenagers differ in their attitudes toward buying domestic and foreign (i.e. Italy, Japan, China) luxury brand apparel. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 365 teenagers participated in this study through a self-completed questionnaire. Fishbein’s Multi-Attribute Attitude Model was used to measure and compare attitudes toward buying domestic and foreign made apparel. Repeated measure ANOVA and t-tests were utilized to examine whether the groups differed with regards to their attitudes toward buying luxury brand apparel, using a comparison of apparels “Made in Australia” with those “Made in Italy”, “Made in Japan” and “Made in China”. Findings – The research findings indicate that status-seeking teenagers have overall, a more positive attitude toward foreign luxury brand apparel as compared to Australian luxury brands, with the exception of Chinese brands. On the other hand, non-status seeking teenagers reported that they have more positive attitude towards Australian brands than foreign brands, and consider Australian luxury brands superior to all three foreign brands...
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...Introduction Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) have been found to be important aspects of economic development of host countries, and crucial, in building technological capabilities of local companies in developing countries. It is a channel for international diffusion of technology, having the potential to transfer technological, organizational and managerial practices to developing countries, which may, in the long run, lead to higher technological capabilities, and innovation, resulting in economic growth in these countries. For Tanzania specifically, FDI is a type of investment which is relatively infant as the government had opted for a socialist path of economic development from 1967 to around mid 1980s, following the Arusha Declaration. In mid 1980s, the government initiated and implemented deliberate economic liberalization policies. These resulted into the rise of FDI in Tanzania. For instance, FDI inflows increased from USD 2,418.7 million in 1999 to USD 3,776.6 million in 2001. Such investments were concentrated in the sectors of manufacturing (33.4%), mining and quarrying (28%) as well as agricultural (6.7%) (TIC, BoT and NBS, 2004: 23-24)4. 2.2 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Definition and Characteristics 2.2.1 Defining FDI Several FDI definitions have been given in the literature and these are more or less similar. A more representative definition of FDI is that by Rutherford (1992: 178; 1995: 178-179) who defines FDI as business investment in another...
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...life, I felt a since of accomplishment, responsibility, and acceptance. I just knew I was going to now be able to provide better for my family. That is why everyone around me said goes to college. Finish and graduate. A college degree can only help you and not hurt you. Well that statement can be a bit misleading, while yes a college degree won’t hurt you, it didn’t help me much either. I got into a situation that I had the degree but lacked the experience. Why didn’t anybody tell me to work as well? Get an internship? A mentor? I guess everyone had the misconception that college degrees grantee a good paying job; however, sometimes it’s not the case. I have come to say continuing education, even well beyond an undergrad, will not only help your career situation, but set a standard for your family and or kids, to always continue learning. Objection: An MBA will not guarantee a good job. It won’t guarantee a job, but what does? Having an MBA has put me more marketable with employers. Bryan Cohen argues that “First-year accountants with an associate degree made an average of $33,300 per year, while those with an MBA earned $39,800 per year as of April 2011 (Cohen, 2001). MBA open a world of big possibilities in a career field., The reason I decided, why not get my degree, is because I know it will pay off in the long run, when I want to pursue positions in management. “On average, you can expect to earn 50 percent more than you were earning before you received your MBA. That's...
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...make the employee feel valued and in most cases I believe it does, there will always be the outliers, people who will not be a happy no matter what is done for them. These individuals will need to be dealt with on an individual basis, it is consistent with the 80/20 rule; if 80% of your workforce is happy then you are doing a good job. . Mackey speaks about having a heroic purpose, changing the world for the good. His organization participates in fair trade, animal compassion,(seeking better conditions for farm animals), and 5% donations day, this helps build positive relationships which benefits the organizations reputation.(site reference). Large corporations should give back to the community and the environment, since Whole Foods deals with produce, live stock, should be conscious of the environment. Does this appeal to most customers, it depends on the customer. In these poor economic times most consumers are concern with saving money , they probably aren’t as worried about Whole Foods global mission. Whole Foods does market to a higher clientele, I would assume more affluent and socially aware consumers would be drawn to Whole Foods higher purpose. An article found on the socialist.org site did mention additional points regarding the corporate culture of...
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...Master of Business Administration Paper Title: Business in Global Arena Final Examination Presented by: Mohamed Mohamed Abd-ElMeguid MBA#: Intake Number #58 Course Title: Business in Global Arena Module: Core Courses Instructor: Dr. Hein Roelfsema Course Delivery Date: November 2010 Date of Submission: 14- November -2010 Table of Contents Question 1: 3 Economic Profile and market seeking/resource seeking recommendations 3 Psychic distance that Egyptian expatriate managers are likely to face 5 Question 3: 6 Part 1: 6 Part 2: 6 Question 5: 8 Hypothesis 1: 8 Hypothesis 2: 8 Question 1: Economic Profile and market seeking/resource seeking recommendations |Indicator |Kenya |Tanzania |Uganda | |GNI |$60.27 Billion |$52.05 Billion |$36.08 Billion | |GNI per capita in PPP dollars |$1,550 |$1,260 |$1,140 | |GDP |$1,600 |$1,400 |$1,200 | |GDP Growth Rate |2.6% |6% |5.3% | |HDI ...
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...the decision. There are many things that should be considered and many things than can affect that decision before a final choice is made. One of the first considerations when deciding to purchase a new home is the cost and how that cost will affect the supply and demand for new homes. The higher the cost of new homes, the lower the demand for new homes will be. Factors that affect the cost would be the number of sellers and the number of buyers. The greater the number of sellers of new homes in a neighborhood, the lower the cost of a new home in that neighborhood. If there are numerous sites for new houses for sale in a neighbor of relative size and features, due to competition, the lower the cost of a new home will be. This follows the law of supply and demand. If there are a limited number of sites available and numerous buyers seeking a new home in the neighborhood, the higher the cost will be. Each potential buyer would be willing to pay a higher cost to obtain the house of their choice. This also follows the law of supply and demand. When the supply of a good rises (falls), the cost for that good falls (rises). When the demand for a good rises (falls), the cost of that good rises (falls). Another factor that can affect the supply and demand is the economy. The economy can affect both the supply and the demand for new homes. When the economy is down, the costs for new homes will drop. This will affect the supply since most builders will not want to build new...
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...Strategic planning has always been a part of Target DNA from the beginning. In 1902 George D. Dayton, a banker and real estate investor, becomes a partner in Goodfellow's Dry Goods Company, the fourth largest department store in Minneapolis, Minn. Soon after becoming partner Dayton takes sole ownership of the store and becomes the first President of the newly named Dayton Dry Goods Company. Mr. Dayton always carried with him a greater vision for the department store. After years of rapid growth, the Dayton Dry Goods Company is renamed, The Dayton Company to reflect its broad assortment of goods and services better. The Dayton Company in 1960 begins to look for innovative ways to strengthen relationships with guests; company leadership recognizes...
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...Higher Education is one of the most important phenomenons in the 21st century. It is undergoing some major transformations and developments which are mainly effected by Globalization. Such as, international education, global capitalism, spread of culture and media, trade and work. Thus, it’s crucial to interpret the term of Globalization, which becomes a major backdrop of other phenomenon, including high education. Certainly, higher education provides prerequisite skills and higher life opportunities to people. However, the education system today is facing some challenges. There is over-education and over- supply of educational institution and the change of the global labour market. Higher education provides more chances for people to obtaining jobs. People who graduated from university are highly employable due to their wealth knowledge, creativity and ability of solving problems. According to the research of Yue et al. (2004) ‘The level of education level has a significantly positive impact on successful job seeking. The higher the education level, the greater the probability of success.’ Which indicated that higher education make a positive effective to people in job seeking as well as working in a favorable position. The reputation of the higher education institution also has a significant and positive impact on employment. Graduates from key universities have greater employment probabilities than their counterparts from ordinary universities. The employment rate...
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...McConnell, Brue, & Flynn (2009), “states that consumers preferences along with marketing of goods; expectation of consumers; level of income from consumers purchasing products; and cost of goods determines how the level of demand will be affected” (Chapter 3). Consumers are drawn to items for many reasons (i.e., looks, style, and latest design) however; the items may or may not be readily available. For instance, during the holidays many consumers searched for the latest and greatest game devices and other electronic devices. But what we have discovered is that during that specific time of year, the demand for such items are extremely high and he supply of demand seems to fall short. When an individual is seeking a specific item that cannot be found in stores, the internet is the next big source to finding what cannot be kept on shelves in stores. In most cases the prices online may be higher because of shipping but consumers find that it is a price they are willing to pay for peace of mind and to have the product of demand at the time. When a consumers desire to purchase a product that is not readily available it is considered a determinant in demand. For instance, individuals seeking to purchase the popular “Xbox Kinect System” during the holidays found that stores had a limited supply of the gaming device. However, because of the large volume of consumers seeking the good, the organization could increase the price, which would cause for an increase in profit. ...
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...Summary This report analyses the entire Asian environment and attractiveness of Asia, and the reason why Giordano choose Asia as its main market. From the analysis of Asian environment, sizeable population, increasing consumption on cloth, pursuing for fashion and globalization of world are all factors that make Asia attractive. Giordano’s FDI-related projects and the FDI modes are exhibited in this report, which can describe a whole picture of this company’s development. In addition, based on the analysis of FDI activities, Giordano’s FDI activities have many impacts on host economies, like job creation in Indonesia. This report draws on sales data of main Asian markets and subordinate brands to analyse the trend of investment of Giordano. Korea is the most important and second market except Mainland China；The Middle East grows quickly during last decades; Singapore is a stable and profitable market. Malaysia and Indonesia are potential markets, and from a long term perspective Giordano will focus on the development of these countries. Asia is the basic market of Giordano, which conducts over 95% foreign investment there. This report applies SWOT analysis to illustrate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and also uses PEST analysis to explain the external factors-political, economic, social and technological, which influence the investment direction in the future. Country screening process identifies company-specific criteria, which...
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...practice to help the business navigate these new trends. As a result, businesses have the need to develop an improved human resource department, equipped to handle the many new areas that comprise the core success of any business today. A business’ labor force is typically comprised of direct employees, contracted professionals and temporary staffs. Such an amalgamated workforce requires an informed and capable human resources department (hereinafter referred to as HR department), to address specific concerns for each employment category and its direct impact to the business. Each category brings different concerns from both employees and business’ viewpoint. A great part of successful businesses is the ability to provide their goods and services via the internet, thus expanding their client base globally. Here too, the HR department is instrumental in facilitating the business with personnel that is capable of...
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...There are different government policies that have an impact on Costa Coffee. Some of these government policies are: * Taxation * Inflation * Unemployment Government policies such as taxation have an impact on Costa Coffee. This is because taxation is collected from individuals and businesses. It is collected through direct tax and indirect tax. This is going to have an impact on Costa Coffee because they are going to have to pay business tax and this also means that the government is following their fiscal policy. If the government decides to increase tax it is going to slow the economy down and if the government decides to low tax it is going to speed up the economy. If the government decides to lower taxes, then Costa is able to invest money into their business. This is going to result in a positive impact because Costa are able to keep most of their profit and invest it into their business which is going to allow their business to grow and expand. There are many way in which the government is able use taxation to make sure that they are receiving money. Some of the ways in which the receive taxes are income tax, national insurance contributions, VAT, council tax, business rates, corporation tax and other tax. All these are a mixture of direct and direct tax. There are many ways in which taxes are bringing advantages to Costa Coffee and disadvantages. In the Government Spending 2010 review, it shows that the government had a total of £548bn coming in through...
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...Higher Education Core Value Paper/ Commitment Marie-Germaine Rancy Molloy College Identification and analysis of the identified Core Value Presently, there are many aspects of Higher Education. Some are physical; the campus and its classrooms, laboratories, and library. Those spaces are occupied by students, faculty, and staff and some are nonphysical. “The activities of Higher Education are learning, research, dialogue, and reflection. Thus far, none of these attributes are unique” (Shephard, 2007, p. 87). The most distinctive attributes of Higher Education today are its commitment to their students. “Higher Education for Sustainability: seeking affective learning outcomes” Shephard concluded, after a systematic literatures review of relevant educational in effective learning; Higher Education should focus on effective outcomes of values, activities, and performances. Some areas of Higher Education, however, have effectively pursued effective outcomes and these use particular learning and teaching activities to do so (Shephard, 2007). The important issues for consideration include assessing outcomes and evaluating courses, by providing academic credit for effective outcome. The important roles for role models are designing realistic and acceptable learning outcomes in the effective realm. To sustain, educators should use this relevant theoretical foundation and knowledge collected from different specialty in education to attend their learning teaching skills (Shephard...
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...gather all that is in our disposal for the task. We discussed on how we can acquire funding, and we agreed that we should not limit our campaign to only seeking finances. The essence of this program is to help increase CSU’s finances so that it can services its activities. This can be achieved through the provision finances and by enforcing measures to cut down costs. CSU has tried such measures, in the past, to cut down on its spending. It has done so by increasing its technology use to replace costly manual systems and by sharing services between departments and campuses. In our discussion, we suggested on the same idea that campaigning for funding does not exclusively mean seeking funds. We, therefore, discussed that if we can get people to volunteer, tutor or pursue internship programs, it would be a good measure of cutting down costs. Salary expenses are a significant part of the overall expenses and reducing these costs saves a lot of money for CSU. We also proposed that the target audience, for this plan of the campaign, is the graduates. Students do not have money to cover for their expenses. However, graduates are a good target because they have experience and money to cover for their own expenses. Business Letter 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard, Hayward, CA 94542, February 5, 2014. Mr. Kevin Pina, Foundation for Higher Education, CSUEB. Dear Mr. Pina, We are a CSU funding campaign group, and our main program is to seek funds or to...
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...The entry of foreign banks into emerging markets: an application of the eclectic theory Janek Uiboupin and Mart Sõrg University of Tartu Abstract In the current paper we discuss the applicability of the eclectic theory in explaining the entry of foreign banks into the Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets. We modify the Dunning’s eclectic model by adding the special case of financial liberalization and timing of foreign entry for emerging markets. In the empirical analysis we use a survey based study to analyze the entry process of foreign banks. Bank level data from Bankscope database is also used to analyze the financial advantages of foreign banks. The empirical analysis showed that the eclectic paradigm with modifications to ownership and location-specific advantages is applicable to explain the entry of foreign banks into transition markets. The analysis also indicated that the entry of foreign banks is more intensive during banking crises in the CEE countries. 1. Introduction The internationalization process of firms has been intensively studied since the 1960s. Due to the increase in international capital flows, foreign direct investments and international trade at that time, active development of international banking also began. In the transition countries, international banks have operated only since the beginning of the 1990s, after a significant liberalization of the financial market and elimination of entry barriers. At present foreign banks1 already have more...
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