...Desi Banks 3/16/14 History Sports and Leisure Professor Ganity Thought Paper 3 In history segregation has been a big part of society that we live in today. Segregation is separation of humans into racial groups in daily life. Racial segregation in the world of professional sports in the United States is striking in sports. The main sports that involved segregation were American football, golf, and baseball. In these American sports, racial segregation exists in a range of forms. While watching the Negro film by ken Solarz, and reading the articles on Strauna, and Lanctot I’ve noticed that sports maintained the division in society. Sport and leisure are vital parts of the economy and society. However, segregation in the world of sports I feel must be abolished absolutely, because color of skin or different race doesn’t matter at all in the world of sports. In Solarz and Lanctot the main focus for them was the history of Negro League baseball. The Negro leagues were the United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams primarily made up of African Americans. This league was created since black men were not being accepted into the major or minor baseball leagues due to the color of their skin. The players decided to form their own teams in order for them to be able to compete against the white players. In Lanctot article he focused on the initial black response to segregation, the subsequent struggle to establish successful separate enterprises, and many ways...
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...Most sports began desegregating In the 1940’s, before the Civil Rights Movement, officially began. Segregation within sports is no longer an issue, however new racial problems have risen in professional sports. Early in the Civil Rights Movement sports were one of the major entertainments for most Americans due to the fact that television did not yet exist (Breaking the Color Line: 1940 - 1946). In 1946 Jackie Robinson was the first African-American person to play in a professional baseball league (Krogstad). Also in 1946 football began desegregating (African American Celebrity and the Civil Rights Movement). Four African-American athletes were added to the football roster (African American Celebrity and the Civil Rights Movement). Bill Willis...
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...Robinson , who was born on January 31st in Cairo, Georgia. He was the youngest of five children, and his middle name in honor of Theodore Roosevelt former president who had died 25 days before he was born. His family moved to Pasadena, California after their father left them and they grew up in relative poverty. Jackie Robinson is one of the best and most important player that ever played the game of baseball, he was also the first African american to play the game. Not only did he play baseball, but he played football and was a track star in college. He also served in the military for a while. Robinson Attended John Muir high school after graduating, he went to Pasadena Junior college, where he was an excellent athlete. He played four sports including running back in...
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...Many sports became popular during the 1920’s and throughout this period of time it was known as the “Golden Age” for sports. Sports like Baseball, Boxing, and Football were some of the sports that grew very popular throughout this time period. Before the 20’s all professional sports were only played by white people. Before the 1920’s african americans were not allowed in professional sports, but during the ‘20’s things changed. In the beginning of the 20th century black athletes were set apart from being able to compete with white athletes. With black skinned athletes being banned to play baseball between 1903-1946 they created the negro baseball league. The negro baseball league was a professional baseball league for black athletes to play...
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...African-American Women Pioneer in Sports Over the years, there are a number of black women athletes that have excelled in various types of sports. Breaking the barriers of racial segregation in sports hasn’t always been smooth. You can thank the African-American athletes who help pave wat for the current generation of black athletes in professional sports. Here are some of the most popular and notable figures in women’s sports. 1. Lousie Stokes – In 1932, she competed in the 100 meters category in the US Olympic Trials and won the 3rd place. Her won led her to compete in the 4 x 100-meter relay and became the first African-American women alongside Tidye Pickett to join in the Olympics. However, the team’s coach decided to leave both of...
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...Racism and Sport -- The myth of the superiority of the Black male athlete The prompt to this discussion dictates I articulate why the “common sense” notion that African-Americans dominate sports is false. Excuse me for playing the devil’s advocate, and hopefully I do not lose points for disregarding the instructions, but after reading the chapter I see things differently and an important point needs to be made. If anything, I am inclined to argue Coakley’s hypothesis, along with the other research and history included therein, does more to reinforce the idea that African-Americans dominate sports than it does to discredit the notion that has developed into a stereotype. In my opinion, Coakley’s hypothesis serves to provide sound reasoning and explanation as to how, and why, African-Americans have come to dominate sports in modern America. When I say, “dominate sports” be aware I’m using the phrase quite loosely. I’m referring to the overwhelming majority of African-Americans that make up professional basketball and football teams as well as their collegiate counterparts. In no way am I saying that African-Americans are more talented or perform better statistically; instead, I mean to say that they dominate the populations—there are just way more of them on the field of play. Hold that field of play term in the back of your mind as we move along. Before I go on, let’s check out some numbers courtesy of the Institute for Diversity and Ethics in Sport at the University...
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...The sport of basketball was able to create an infrastructure that would spark the invention of a foundation in American history and culture through various methods that would unite a nation, eliminate the differences of race found through a history of segregation, and would allow many athletes to create a change in their life through the sport. Throughout the history of sports, basketball has served a very important part in American culture as well as creating a foundation for a staple in the world of sports. Basketball is a very diverse sport that has been influenced by various types of changes and improvements to reflect various differences in American culture. American history has experienced a large amount change through the sport of basketball as the sport united many individuals through a very simple game that allowed players to focus on certain skills and thrive in the game. Basketball...
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...young kid and he was raised by his mother. He was raised by his mother with 5 children. Jackie was the child that wanted to play sports while yonge and as a grown up. Jackie Robinson was known to be with a sharecropping family. Later then he moved to Pasadena, California, with his mother Mallie in 1920. Before fame he went to University of California at Los Angeles to do four sports . Robinson was known to win a National collegiate Athletic Association . He was known to also be a negro leagues. When Jackie Robinson was young he went to a collage called UCLA.During school Jackie was known...
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...Sports and Politics Jack Roosevelt Robinson I am doing my project on a man named Jackie Robinson. He was an American professional baseball player who became the first African American to play in Major League Baseball (MLB) in the modern era. He broke the baseball colour line when a team called the Brooklyn Dodgers played Jack on first base on April 15 th , 1947. When the Dodgers signed Robinson, they hoped that this would be the end of racial segregation in professional baseball which forced black players to play in their own leagues called Negro Leagues since the 1880s. Jack Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. I am writing about Jack Robinson because I find that he is a very interesting character under the topic of sports and politics. In this...
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...Race and Sports in America By: Patrick Minnick December 12, 2014 “A life is not important except in the impact it has on other lives”. This quote proved true for no one more than the man who said it, Jackie Robinson. Robinson is seen as a pivotal figure in the fight for racial equality in America. However, he didn’t make his impact through speeches, civil right protests, or violent rebellion. Robinson did it by playing the sport he loved, baseball. Sports have always had an ability to bring people together, but, in the last century especially, sports have given racial minorities something they can’t find elsewhere; a chance to compete on a level playing field with everyone else. Jackie Robinson showed that race is simply a myth, a superficial characteristic that holds no insight to the physical or mental abilities of a person. Sports by themselves show no racism and serve as a constant reminder of this racial myth. Sadly, people are more reluctant to abandon old beliefs; meaning racism still runs deep in the organizations that are built around these sports. This research paper will focus mainly on three subcategories: 1) The history of the relationship between sports and race in America; 2) How sports have benefited or damaged race relations; 3) Why certain sports are more popular among different races. The history of sports in America dates all the way back to the Native Americans who played an early form of lacrosse that was used for recreation and promoting teamwork...
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...responsible for housework and child care (Dr. Castorena, “Gender” lecture, April 12, 2018). Women narrow their job choice and tend to look for employment that can be fitted around her traditional, domestic responsibilities. Being a parent affects a women finding work more than it affects men. Women who join the workforce tend to find only part-time work. If a woman does in fact venture into the work force often times they tend to experience horizontal segregation as well as vertical segregation. In horizontal segregation, women and men work in different jobs. Segregating a job because it is a man’s job leads to gender inequality. An example of horizontal segregation was during World War II, when women entered male dominated industries. Women were still given jobs that differed from the jobs men obtained (Arber and Nigel, 1992). In vertical segregation men and women occupy different specializations within the same occupation (Dr. Castorena, “Gender” lecture, April 12, 2018). This type of segregation is prevalent in the professional field. Women are more likely to be looked over for management positions. Gender inequality in the workplace causes women to be constrained in the ability to obtain power, privilege, and...
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...violin lessons to rent a locker at the Brewster Recreation Center, where he began a successful amateur boxing career. John Roxborough, the illegal numbers betting king in Detroit's black ghetto, decided to sponsor Louis's professional career. He enlisted the help of Julian Black, a Chicago speakeasy owner and numbers operator, and they moved Louis to Chicago to train with Jack Blackburn, a former lightweight boxer and skilled trainer who had already taken two white fighters to world championships in lower weight divisions. Blackburn patiently taught Louis a fundamental style of boxing that emphasized balanced but unspectacular footwork, a strong left jab, counterpunching, and throwing combination punches in rapid sequence. Until his death in 1942, Blackburn ensured that Louis ran six miles a day, sparred with discipline, and maintained his physical superiority and confidence against all challengers. By March 1935, Louis had won 18 professional fights and was bumping up against the barrier of segregation. Denied economic opportunity and political power, African Americans were invisible in America's emerging media age. With the exception of occasional tokens in track and field and college football, blacks had no opportunities to participate in major sports. In boxing, Louis had to live down the legacy of Jack Johnson, the first black heavyweight champion, who had caused race riots by humiliating former champion Jim Jeffries and national outrage by marrying white women. After...
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...Relevant Literature Rawling, M. & Sue, E. Preparedness of Chinese students for American culture and communicating in English. * Focus groups with eight Chinese students studying in America to measure the expectations and perceived realities of their experiences. * Chinese students are unprepared for American culture and language by their classes in China. * When students experience or perceive discrimination as a result of their culture or limited English proficiency, they are less likely to engage with other members of the community. * More engagement and public efforts to address stereotyping and decrease discrimination. * Suggestion: addressing popular culture portrayals of Asians and Asian Americans * “Students may feel uncertain about how to respond to or conduct themselves in various situations, causing them to feel inadequate, misunderstood, and dejected” (Rawling & Sue, p. 31). * Suggestion: Mentorship or “buddy” program – pairing American students with Chinese students to give them a resource in navigating cultural situations. * International students feel more homesick, but students that interact with others at their host institution feel less homesick. * Zhang & Xu (2007) reported that Chinese students were not accustomed to receiving syllabi for courses and did not utilize them to gain important course information. * Suggestion: Stress importance of reading syllabi and asking questions, possibly...
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...Berkeley Preparatory School Jim Brown’s Role in Shaping Perceptions of Athletes as Advocates for Social Change. Arjun Tummala Honors US History - H Block Mr. Kurt Wahlgren March 15, 2024 To what extent did the activism of Cleveland Browns running back Jim Brown shape perceptions of athletes as advocates for social change? Table of Contents:. Introduction Jim Brown's Emergence as an Activist Public Perceptions and Reactions Legacy and Influence on Athlete Activism Tainted Legacy Conclusion. Both historically and contemporarily, professional athletes have gained popularity not solely for their exceptional abilities within their respective sports, but also for...
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...Indian Chant/ Tomahawk Chop Introduction Over the past years, the road to end racial attitudes in America has been a long one raising heated debated and controversies. Racism has been introduced, though not noted keenly in some of the unexpected spheres of life. Sports as a social institution has witnessed open racist claims due to the segregation based on geographical locality, groups, class and also age difference. The use of names, adoption of mascots and use of gestures like the ‘Tomahawk Chop’ influence racism to an extent. Indian Chant/ Tomahawk Chop Current sporting trends in the American renowned sports see most teams deriving their sense of identity from the culture of native Americans, the use of titles to describe their teams has been greatly manifested in America, citing examples from Washington- Redskins, Kansas- Chiefs and Cleveland – Indians to mention a few, also there is the adoption of mascots by teams and chanting to some the native tribes songs, like the use of war facial paints and using Tomahawk Chop chants. This has brought racist concerns to people affecting communities in a multicultural American society. The subjection of the culture of the native Americans to be used in such events is an open and obvious form of racism against the other communities, the teams endorsing the use of the mascots have caused Afro-Americans to be desegregated to some extent having some people not to qualify to playing for their teams on the basis of not being a native...
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