...variables and self-rated health in young adult obese women Mary Jane Smith, PhD, RN a,⁎, Laurie Theeke, PhD, FNP-BC a, 1, Stacey Culp, PhD a, 2, Karen Clark, MD b, 3, Susan Pinto, MSN, RN a, 4 a b WVU School of Nursing, PO Box 9600, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9600 School of Medicine, Student Health Services, PO Box 9247, Health Sciences Center South, Morgantown, WV 26506-9247 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 10 October 2013 Revised 4 November 2013 Accepted 4 November 2013 Keywords: Obesity Self-rated health Stress Loneliness Self-esteem a b s t r a c t Aim: The aim of this study is to describe relationships among self-rated health, stress, sleep quality, loneliness, and self-esteem, in obese young adult women. Background: Obesity has steadily increased among young adults and is a major predictor of self-rated health. Methods: A sample of 68 obese (BMI 30 or higher, mean 35), young (18–34 years, mean 22) adult women were recruited from a health center. Survey data were gathered and analyzed using descriptive and bivariate procedures to assess relationships and group differences. Results: Scores reflected stress, loneliness, poor sleep quality, and poor self-esteem. There were positive correlations among stress, loneliness, and sleep quality and, a high inverse correlation between loneliness and self-esteem. Those who ranked their health as poor differed on stress, loneliness, and self-esteem when compared...
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...PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES OBESE WOMEN Research Critique Psychosocial Variables of Obese Women Wendy Cockron Group 2 Nurse Researchers: Miles, J., Nweke, K, Thompson, J., Williams, R. Zober, A. The University of Texas at Arlington College of Nursing In partial fulfillment of the requirements of N3321 Nursing Research Denise Cauble PhD (c), RN, CWOCN April 26, 2014 “Research is a diligent, systematic inquiry or study that validates and refines existing knowledge and develops new knowledge” (Burns & Grove, 2011, p. 4). In nursing, we want to use evidence-based practice to further our knowledge and provide the most effective outcomes for everyone involved. To acquire evidence –based knowledge, nurses must analyze and critique research and presentations. Nurses should not simply rely on traditions, authority and role modeling. Critiquing of research is an important part of nursing process and should be done throughout the career. As a research group, we performed a critique and review on a study looking at psychosocial variables among obese women. Research Problem and Purpose Smith, Theeke, Culp, Clark and Pinto conducted a quantitative study to look at the relationships among psychosocial variables and obesity (2014). According to Smith et al., the problem statement is “the psychosocial variables of perceived stress, sleep quality, loneliness and self-esteem have not been studies as a cluster of variables in a sample of young adult women with a BMI>30” (2014...
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...more time and to focus on their own lives. In “Selections from Hard to Get: Twenty-Something Women and the Paradox of Sexual Freedom”, Leslie Bell points out that many young women face a very harsh situation in this society because they are suffering from stress that form main social value. During her essay, she aids some real personal sexual experience and feeling from Claudia, Jayanthi and Alicia and talks about both positive and negative impacts, which bring by their sexual experience....
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...forms of entertainment seem to be harmless outlets of creativity. Yet these very forms of media affect women all over the world and tell them what they should physically look like to be deemed as beautiful in society. One may not believe that the media is up to such a terrible act, but subconsciously women believe what the media portrays as beautiful. Today’s pop culture demonstrates the impact of self-image and the effect it has on society and the way the society should look. Ads and pop culture enforce a negative outlook on the body image, which affects young women throughout the society. There are many aspects of today’s society that effect women within this pop culture and the way they have started to look at their bodies and see themselves as below average because they are not measuring up to the standards of society. In all reality, media and advertisement must know the effects it has on the young women and their body image in the world, but choose to ignore the fact because of the success that has sky rocketed in the past years. Not many people can ignore the media and find themselves beautiful no matter what features they have, but the ones who do such things are confident and strong while growing up in this tough and harsh world. Ads within television, magazines, newspapers, etc. all have some direct correlation to the media having an effect on the body image of young teens. These ads show beautiful models with long skinny legs, blonde hair, and blue eyes laying on the...
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...conditions are the cause of anorexia nervosa in young women. Anorexia nervosa is a mental illness/mental disorder. According to Mayo Clinic the definition of mental illness is “…disorders that affect your mood, thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating...
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...Empty Vessel: Self-esteem Concerns in young girls Gonzalo Melendez University of Texas in El Paso Abstract This paper will take a look at the different dynamics of the rising the issue of the continued decrease in self-esteem in young girls. This paper will inform you of the age that self-esteem becomes a factor in a young girl’s life. It will also address the multiple causes that affect self-esteem in young girls. It will explain the long-term effects that come with low self-esteem and low self-image. Finally it will highlight ways to help mitigate and prevent low self-esteem in young girls in our society. Intro 12 year old Lana wakes up one morning looks in the mirror and thinks “Ewe why are not pretty.” “I really hate the way my jeans look on me.” “I wish I was smart.” The thought process behind a young girls mind today is a scary one. “Today we define self-esteem as ‘positive or negative attitude toward one’s self’’ and can be viewed as a key indicator of a healthy psychological well-being.” (Daniel Clay, 2005). Self-esteem can be fragile and can be easy shattered. Body image is central to adolescent girls’ self- definition, because others have socialized them to believe that appearance is an important basis for self-evaluation and for evaluation. (Daniel Clay, 2005) Poor self-image is a growing issue among most young girls in today’s society. When you think of poor self-image, most people think immediately of looks, but the truth is poor self-image is also how...
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...Two, men treat the women as sex objects. Shakespeare is known for having sexual language in his plays. Demetrius has sex with Helena; nevertheless, he does not love her. In society, men target on women. Men can be charming to contract anything they want. He proves women are treated like objects in this play. For example, Helena said “…Your wrongs do set a scandal on my sex. / We cannot fight for love, as men may do. / We should be wooed and were not made to woo.” (II, i, 240-242) This can make the audience develop sympathy or empathize with Helena. Making her as human and a character a person in the audience would want to care about. Good literature has empathy and this gives some empathy to the play. In addition, Theseus only sees Hippolyta...
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...teenage women suffer from low self-esteem? If looks really do not matter, why do so many young women struggle with eating disorders? It is because our society promotes a certain body image as being beautiful, and it’s a far cry from the average woman’s size 12. A common issue young women face in today’s society is the airbrushing of models in the media, creating an impossible ideal for these young women to strive for. The unrealistic standard of beauty that women are bombarded with everyday gives them a goal that is impossible to reach, and the effects are devastating....
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...lips or being “thick” there is all sorts of body images out there that is seen as the perfect body type but in reality most of the young girls out there are seeing this body image portrayed out there and comparing it to there own body and not feeling like they are beautiful or pretty because they do not meet the standards of social media and because of this , they are affected not only in psychological way but physically as well there are girls out there starving themselves not eating at all , making themselves throw up if they do eat, because they think that no guy will never look at them because they are to “big” or to “fat” in the eyes of social media. Because they are not a size 2 they or even vise versa girls that think they are too skinny as well. And this is not only in women but in men to studies show that even though men are less likely to come out with there depression about how they look they do get depressed about their body image about not being big enough not having enough muscles or being short just like girls do “ Self-esteem increases during adolescence, then slows in young adulthood, but contrary to popular belief, there is no significant difference between men’s and women’s self-esteem during either of those life...
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...African American Women & America’s Standards of Beauty: What Legacy Will You Pass On? For most young girls, the mother or “mother figure” is a model. Without truly knowing for herself what it is to be a woman, a girl finds, both consciously and unconsciously, some direction from her mother. Imitating her mannerisms, her characteristics, her every make and move, young girls start to identify with their mothers and subscribe to many of their beliefs. Commonly, little girls are fond of all the “rituals” that women in our society, their mothers, practice in order to be “beautiful,” and one will see everything from “mother and daughter” apparel in catalogs to the fun and simpler “dress-up” days at home, where small girls wear mommy’s make-up, clothes, and high-heel shoes. While this “mother-daughter” scenario exists in our society as a whole, the mothers in some ethnic groups sometimes have different takes on what it is to be “beautiful” and, naturally, pass these confusing and sometimes self-deprecating values and beliefs to their daughters. For many young African American girls, particularly, sometimes the imitation of their mother and all that is sacred to her results in low self-esteem. When daughters are exposed to “race-conscious mothers,” who “admonish [them] to make it a habit to pull their noses to make them thinner” or to do other things to alter their physical appearance, it is difficult for them to feel good about themselves (Seyersted 51). Julia A. Boyd, author...
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...Does media effect a women’s body image? Rational The rationale of this experiment is to study the effect media has on a female’s body image and self-esteem. “Popular media barrages women with images that portray what is considered to be the ‘ideal body’” (Serdar, 2014, para.7). Society tells women what kind of body image they should strive for. The media portrays the ideal body as accentuating features such as eyes, breasts, bottom and legs. This image is based of the look of an average fashion model that is 5’10” and weighing around one hundred twenty pounds. These features do not apply to the average day women when in fact the average Canadian woman is only 5’4” and weighs about one hundred seventy pounds (Linken, 2009, para.3). These ideas are pressured upon women of all ages through every source of media. Television, bill boards, newspaper, radio, magazines etc. are all guilty of applying such pressures to females. Media is also guilty of creating a “cult of thinness” known as cutting girls down to size, infantilizing so grown women appear as children and objectifying women by turning them into objects, cutting out body parts and attaching them to objects in ads. It’s important to understand that the ideal body image that is presented by the popular media is not healthy or realistic. Should a female actually achieve this body image or weight, she would be classified as underweight. Risks associated with being underweight include anemia, nutritional deficiencies...
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...how thin you are, no matter how beautiful you are, someone will always call you ugly because it is impossible to please the world.” (Demi Lovato, 2014). In today’s society young women are constantly struggling mentally, physically and psychologically with accepting their own bodies. According to the Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (2003), this trend started since the Renaissance period where self-starvation was practiced for religious purposes, however due to the growing influence of the Media, eating disorders have become more popular in the twentieth century and as a result the death rate has climbed horrifyingly (Frey, 2003). The Media has a heavy influence on how young women in the United States view and modify their bodies to achieve a perfect body type, however this ideology can lead to negative outcomes such as; low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and eating disorders, as well as affect other spheres of life. In examining the role of the Media and the negative effects it has on an individual one can clearly see that the issue have gotten to the point where young women live a life where they are mentally tormented and pressured to achieve one body type. Media attacks the subconscious mind and imprint false images of beauty which in turn leads to downward social comparison and allows young women to feel insecure in their own skin which leads them to a web of negative thoughts and feelings about their own bodies. The result of this mental and physical torment is evident...
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...spends about $55-billion on cosmetics, it is no surprise that 82% of women apply makeup to increase their self-confidence (Cash, 1989, p.351). This depressing statistic means that only 18% of women do not need to apply makeup to increase their self-confidence. In today’s American society, we are constantly bombarded by images of flawless, perfect figured girls in the media. The media is allowed to set the beauty standard, and its presence can become harmful towards women, and society as a whole. The media reinforces its message through a number of outlets such as: advertisements, social media, and magazines, ultimately making its influence inescapable. Although it may be too late to change the media’s grip on our generation,...
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...The Harmful Effects of Media on Teenage Girls’ Self Image Media is one of the most effective tools in the world. People learn more from the media than any other single source of information. No matter where people look, they are constantly assaulted with images and ads, whether it is online, watching television, or even walking down the street. Because of the media’s ease of accessibility, it is vital that America understands the subliminal messaging behind the entertainment and advertising, not necessarily for the adults’ sake, but for the sake of their children’s impressionable minds. With the average teenager spending 10 and a half hours a day absorbing the media’s messages, it is imperative that parents become aware of the negative effects it is having on their child, especially young teenage girls. The media has targeted this demographic and the results are tragic. The average teenage girl spends 31 hours a week watching TV, 10 hours a week online, and 17 hours a week listening to music. (Kaiser Family par. 13) With that much time spent doing these things it’s a safe assumption that the media has a huge influence on teens and takes up a majority of their free time. Drew Altman, Ph.D., President and CEO of the Kaiser Family Foundation said, “When children are spending this much time doing anything, we need to understand how it’s affecting them – for good and bad” (par. 7). With the media imposing so much influence over young America, it is crucial that action be taken to...
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...Women’s Body Image Women and young girls are obsessively trying to alter their appearance just to look like the perfect body images we see in movies and magazines. What is body image? Body image is how people picture themselves and how they think other people picture them. It is basically how you feel about your body, and it includes your imagination, emotions, and perception. Images portrayed by the media tend to make people strive to be someone else's idea of perfect, while ignoring their own goals. The media influences us through television, health magazines, fashion, music videos, film, commercials, and various other advertisements. Sadly, as a result, this frequent exposure, the "thin" ideal, can lead many young girls in triggering depression, stress, low self-esteem, and suicide. The media's ideal body image has led to wide-ranging effects including, surgical procedures, body dissatisfaction, and clinical eating disorders. In “Body Image of Women” by Tabitha Farrar, she points out that the “thin-ideal media” concept highlights thinness as a desirable thing to be even if it comes to the point of damaging a person’s health. Farrar indicated that marketers will do anything that they can to sell a product and make a profit. She also mentioned that poor body image can lead to depression, anxiety, problems in relationships, unhappiness, and various health problems. Farrar suggested that people can focus on their good qualities, work with self-esteem workbooks, or receive...
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