...Extended Essay Group 3: History To what extent did breaking code JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? Word Count: 3746 Abstract: This extended essay has the subject of Code Breaking Intelligence. When studying the Second World War, the phrase ‘code breaking’ is not highlighted as a significant factor, so this investigation is to assess the contribution of code intelligence in the Second World War. The main question being: To what extent did breaking code JN-25 and code ULTRA give aid to the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres of World War Two? The scope of this investigation is confined to two specific codes called the JN-25 and Ultra. This is due to the abundance of codes and ciphers used during WWII. It is also limited to where, either the Pacific or Atlantic theatres, these two codes were most effectively applied to aid the Allies. Information was attained from secondary sources to create a bank of relative information to the research question. The conclusion that can be drawn from this investigation is that code intelligence did significantly aid the Allies in the Pacific and Atlantic theatres. With the assistance of JN-25 the Americans halted the Japanese in the Pacific theatre, stopping its expansionist and aggressive behaviour. Similarly, the British and the Americans, with the help of code Ultra, achieved an offensive against Germany and Hitler, plus shortening the war by two to four...
Words: 4760 - Pages: 20
...documentary by Al Gore entitled, “An Inconcenient Truth”, speaks of how greatly affected the world climate has been since the introduction of the industrial age. The high temperatures recorded are proportional to the carbon dioxide composition in the air which suggests that carbon dioxide is the main cause of global warming. It is also stated that if this kind of pattern will go for another few decades, we will experience a temperature increase several times hotter than the medieval period. It’s very discouraging to know that not everyone is doing their best to battle against global warming. The most depressing part of the documentary was when he said that the melting glaciers would give a 20 foot increase in the water level which will result to submerged parts in major cities like in China and parts of Europe etc. It will cause a major change in our world. Also, if the glaciers in Greenland would melt, the water cycle in the Atlantic Ocean would cease it’s process and Europe could suffer an Ice Age. Now I’ve discovered how global warming can affect the lives of not only that of my generation, but for the next generation too especially....
Words: 456 - Pages: 2
...Section One—short answer The mayflower compact During the sixteenth century, English Calvinists led a Protestant movement called Puritanism in England. Its name was derived from its adherents’ desire to purify the Anglican church of Roman Catholic Practices. English monarchs of the early seventeenth century persecuted the puritans, and so the puritans began to look for a new place to practice their faith. One puritan group, called Separatist, because they thought the Church of England was so incapable of being reformed that they had to abandon it, left England around this time. First they went to the Netherlands, but ultimately decided to start fresh in the new world. In 1620 they set sail, but their ship, the mayflower, went off course and they landed in modern-day Massachusetts. Because winter was approaching, they deiced to settle where they had landed. This settlement was called Plymouth, while on boards...
Words: 1707 - Pages: 7
...be okay. Nothing could have prepared them for the signs that God was giving them, to prove they were indeed his “chosen people.” Why were the Pilgrims the chosen people? No one knows, they only know the signs that were given by God, to support the fact that they were the “chosen people.” The Pilgrims were known as Separatists. The main reason for them leaving for North America was so they could have freedom of religion. They felt as if they would be able to chose their religion if they were somewhere else. “The separatist or Pilgrims was the more radical sect of Puritans which wanted to set up a new church separate from the Church of England, where they would practice the catholic religion as they thought it should be practiced” (“The Atlantic”). Some of the Pilgrims felt trapped in the religion that was given by the Church of England. Thus is the reason they set sail for North America, to live the way they felt was right. Bradford himself believed that God had called upon him and his people to be his chosen ones. Bradford states, “From my years young in days of youth, God did make known to me his truth, And call'd me from my native place For to enjoy the means of grace. In...
Words: 2100 - Pages: 9
...Home AS and A Level History International History, 1945-1991 Was the "Battle of Britain" a Major Turning Point In World War II. Level: AS and A Level Subject: History Topic: International History, 1945-1991 Word count: 2716 Save Was the “Battle of Britain” a Major Turning Point In World War II For this essay I am going to study the Battle of Britain and analyse its importance as a *turning point of World War II. *A turning point is a particular decision or act that significantly alters the turnout of a conflict. In 1939 Adolph Hitler led Nazi Germany on a crusade to dominate all of Western Europe. After crushing Poland, Norway and eventually France with their vicious and relentless “Blitzkrieg” or “Lightening War” tactics Germany had only one obstacle left before it attained total Western European domination; Great Britain. After a humiliating defeat in France, the British Expeditionary Force, or B.E.F. as it was better known, was faced with a terrible choice. Either stay to fight the German advance and risk encirclement, or pull back to the beaches of Dunkirk, and attempt to get as many men as possible back to Great Britain. Eventually the British and French commanders decided that France was lost and that they should evacuate as soon as possible. What followed was a mass withdrawal using as many floating vessels as were available. Under heavy bombardment from both land and air, cargo ships, freighters, battleships and even fishing boats were used in an...
Words: 2767 - Pages: 12
...University of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: Liberty Equality Brotherhood Hubris Fiscal irresponsibility Democracy Technology The French Revolution was a quest for liberty, and centered on people who wanted their freedom. They wanted to be treated as equal participants in the community, not as slaves for the royals or nobles. The peasants who represents more than 90% of France’s population, were working for their own families and everyone else as they paid much more in taxes. Brotherhood was the way of everyone coming together as one. Hubris is excessive pride in one’s self, people during the French Revolution did not want to admit they were wrong for what they were doing and that they did not want less entitlement then they had. Fiscal irresponsibility was brought on by the higher debts, and taxes were raised so the government could get out of the finical hole they were in. The democracy was a new construction of power where the politics were giving everyone the chance to be heard and to be equal. Technology at the beginning of the French Revolution was lacking, but as it continued throughout the years it became a resource at war. Liberty was the main goal for the French people, to be free from the poor work conditions they were in. The work environments for the...
Words: 1791 - Pages: 8
...Yesterday to Tomorrow By Clarence Moore North Lake College Introduction to Business Logistics LGMT-1319-73471 Professor Jeffrey Wendt April 2013 When the first European, Rodrigo de Bastidas, reached Panama in 1501, he could hardly envision the magnitude of the Isthmus’ future. As more Spanish caravels arrived, the search for gold was intensified. A shortened route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was not found by Magellan, who conceived of going around Cape Horn or passing through the Straits that were to bear his name. When sea routes were found to be to long the Spaniards turned to overland crossings, and when Vasco Nunez de Balboa first crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513, he initiated a ceaseless march of traffic. Panamanians are still proud of the curious Balboa who discovered the Pacific, surveyed the Panama route across the Central America Isthmus and found that there existed a difference in the levels of the respective oceans. The Conquistador Herman Cortes was certain that no natural waterway existed between the Atlantic and the Pacific, and he expressed a desire to construct a sea passageway through Panama, Darien, Nicaragua, or Tehmantepec. The dreams of the foresighted Cortes went for naught as it was almost three centuries before serious consideration was again given to the construction of an interocean waterway (Liss). From the beginning of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century while...
Words: 2013 - Pages: 9
...admired the women in her life for being such great storytellers, which influenced her to display her battles of immigration to the United States at a young age and her experiences growing up as a Latina-American being raised in New Jersey through her poetry and short stories; Ortiz Cofer's work is also inspired by the Latino-immigrant community who share the struggles she once faced and is still confronted by. Judith Ortiz Cofer was born on February 24, 1952, in the small town of Hormigueros, Puerto Rico. When she was only four years old, Ortiz Cofer and her family immigrated to Paterson, New Jersey, where they resided for the next eleven years; Cofer and her family frequently visited their...
Words: 1570 - Pages: 7
...Branson has been tagged as a 'transformational leader' by management lexicon, with his maverick strategies and his stress on the Virgin Group as an organization driven on informality and information, one that's bottom heavy rather than strangled by top-level management. Although Branson says his success was not planned, and it just happened, he has said that he has 10 secrets to success: 1. You've got to challenge the big ones. 2. Keep it casual. 3. Haggle: everything is negotiable. 4. Have fun working. 5. Do the right things for the brand. 6. Smile for the cameras! 7. Don't lead "sheep", herd "cats". 8. Move like a bullet. 9. Size does matter. 10. Be a common, regular person. He was 9th in the Sunday Times Rich List 2006, worth just over £3billion. He is the No 1 Admired Businessman in Britain, and 2nd choice amongst youth for Prime Minister (after Tony Blair)[3]. He has a cameo appearance in the new Superman film, credited as "Shuttle Engineer", alongside his son Sam, with Virgin Galactic-esque commercial suborbital shuttle at the center of his storyline. He will have a cameo in the upcoming James Bond film Casino Royale as well. Although Branson says his success was not planned, and it 1. Introduction on team work 2. Richerd philosophy of team work 3. Example of team work 4. Some picture demonstrate team work Words of Wisdom Branson on building a business Don't bother doing something unless you're radically...
Words: 3599 - Pages: 15
...1 TOPIC it means, globalization is going to happen. The world is going to get more connected, and thus increases communication, transportation and technologies. Arguing against it seems pointless, we all can't go back to being isolationists. The term ‘Globalization' has become skewed from its original meaning. In essence, it means the increasingly global scope of everything from travel to trade. In describing this globalizing trend, former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan states that, "Arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity." Annan is claiming that the power to globalize, whether for humanitarian or corporate reasons, is such that no one and nothing can resist the urge to grow and learn. He is, in fact, describing universal and human nature. The universal forces of attraction, or gravity, cause any body with inherent mass to both attract and be attracted by other bodies with inherent mass, with the result that the smaller ones are drawn toward or are engulfed by the larger ones. Annan's comparison of these forces to those of globalization creates a very clear image of regional and national affairs gravitating toward or becoming international ones. He is referring to the corporate takeover of one company by another or the merging of several to become a conglomerate. He is referring to an airplane assembly line using parts made from 57 different companies in as many countries. He is referring to the capacity to engage in overseas warfare...
Words: 2923 - Pages: 12
...Short of climbing aboard a time capsule and peeling back eight and one-half decades, James Cameron's magnificent Titanic is the closest any of us will get to walking the decks of the doomed ocean liner. Meticulous in detail, yet vast in scope and intent, Titanic is the kind of epic motion picture event that has become a rarity. You don't just watch Titanic, you experience it -- from the launch to the sinking, then on a journey two and one-half miles below the surface, into the cold, watery grave where Cameron has shot never-before seen documentary footage specifically for this movie. In each of his previous outings, Cameron has pushed the special effects envelope. In Aliens, he cloned H.R. Giger's creation dozens of times, fashioning an army of nightmarish monsters. In The Abyss, he took us deep under the sea to greet a band of benevolent space travelers. In T2, he introduced the morphing terminator (perfecting an effects process that was pioneered in The Abyss). And in True Lies, he used digital technology to choreograph an in-air battle. Now, in Titanic, Cameron's flawless re-creation of the legendary ship has blurred the line between reality and illusion to such a degree that we can't be sure what's real and what isn't. To make this movie, it's as if Cameron built an all-new Titanic, let it sail, then sunk it. Of course, special effects alone don't make for a successful film, and Titanic would have been nothing more than an expensive piece of eye candy without a gripping...
Words: 1302 - Pages: 6
...for the protection of trade and security of the American continent. So the fear and uncertainty to be an independent nation in the future restrained settlers' minds. More and more, on the other hand, were the voices, who courageously invoke the separation from the motherland as the only real alternative for the development and prosperity of the colonies. Therefore, the idea of independence had been circulating in the debates and private conversations, but before January 10, 1776 no one had publicly supported his needs, urging Americans to actively pursue it. The English radical Thomas Paine, with his Common Sense was in fact the first to propose the American people the separation from Great Britain, as a concrete solution, reachable in a short time. The pamphlet had an enormous impact on the colonial debate thanks to the direct and effective way in which...
Words: 1754 - Pages: 8
...Assignment 1.2 Arthur T. Plyler Jr. Dr. Black, Ph.D. Contemporary U.S. History August 10, 2014 Abstract In the short span of 55 years between 1865 and 1920 the Industrial Revolution brought vast expansion of big business and a change to the American people. Lad by Henry Ford’s assembly line industrial powers such as Carnegie, Huntington, and Rockefeller emerged and built their empires. Birthed from these industrial empires we witnessed the growth of legislation and laws that where susceptible to manipulation by the development of corrupt politics. With the surge in technology, growth of super powers, environmental issues, government legislation, or corrupt business practices or corrupt government the industrial revolution exploded in a time where change was needed to draw the American eye away from the deadly Civil War, which so many where still attached to, and focus on the theoretical idea “a better way of life”. The Industrial Revolution was sold to the American people with the false since that if you work hard you will acquire wealth. This lie to the populace was met with a flood of American and immigrant workers that swarmed to the workforce for low wages and unhealthy work environments. Imbedding this idea into the American workforce the Industrial Revolution spawned business power houses like Carnegie, Huntington, Ford, and Rockefeller. The Industrial Revolution also bestowed on us the corrupt business and political practices that shaped the laws and regulations...
Words: 1657 - Pages: 7
...democracy have taken place of those values, because of which the major battles were unfold in the international arena and within countries. Overnight concepts collapsed that before seemed unshakable. In this case, not only the political picture of the world changed . At large numbers of people in different countries sense of global community, solidarity, public interest, human intimacy has been strengthened . Not surprisingly, that the rapid evolution of the global situation, the collapse of the bipolar system and fade into the background of ideological aspects confused scientists specializing in political predictions. Now, it is necessary not only to explain the reasons which led to the formation of new political realities after the "cold war", but also suggest new approaches and concepts on the basis of which it was possible to trace the dynamics of international relations in a changing world. Francis Fukuyama, his works and intepretations. Francis Fukuyama - known American political scientist and geopolitician. He received a bachelor's degree from Cornell University (New York), then - PhD in political science from Harvard University. "The End of History and the Last Man" is the first book of the American philosopher and political scientist Francis Fukuyama, was released in 1992 by publisher Free Press. It preceded the appearance of the book's publication in the journal The National Interest essay "The End of History?" (1989), which has received considerable attention...
Words: 2329 - Pages: 10
...The Edexcel International GCSE in History Schemes of work We are happy to provide these new enhanced schemes of work for you to amend and adapt to suit your teaching purposes. We hope you find them useful. Practical support to help you deliver this specification Schemes of work These schemes of work have been produced to help you implement this Edexcel specification. They are offered as examples of possible models that you should feel free to adapt to meet your needs and are not intended to be in any way prescriptive. It is in editable word format to make adaptation as easy as possible. These schemes of work give guidance for: * Content to be covered * Approximate time to spend on different key themes * Ideas for incorporating and developing the assessment skills related to each unit. Suggested teaching time This is based on a two year teaching course of five and a half terms with one and a half hours of history teaching each week. This would be a seventy week course with total teaching time of approximately 100 hours. The schemes suggest the following timescale for the different sections: * Paper 1: 20 hours for each of the two topics: Total 40 hours. * Paper 2 Section A: 20 hours for the topic: Total 20 hours. * Paper 2 Section B: 25 hours for the topic since it covers a longer period in time. Total 25 hours. * Revision: 15 hours. Possible options for those with less teaching time * 20 hours for Section Paper 2 Section B ...
Words: 19278 - Pages: 78
