...officers. Officers are licensed by the State of New York and are trained, certified and registered pursuant to the New York State Security Guard Act of 1992. The Department serves the campus 24 hours a day, 7 days a week year-round. Molloy Colleges’ website also provided statistics for their 2006, 2007 and 2008 for on campus criminal offences, Hate Crimes, Arrests on Campus, Disciplinary Actions and Criminal Offences. They also inform marked patrol units from the Department patrol the Campus regularly. Five Towns website http://www.ftc.edu provides their 2009 through 2010 Campus Safety Report. Within this report there you will find the amount of Aggravated Assaults, Arsons, Burglaries, Drug Law Violations, Harassments, Hate Crimes, Illegal Weapons Possession, Larcenies, Liquor Law Violations, Motor Vehicle Thefts, Murders/Manslaughter, Robberies, Sex offenses and Vandalism though out the 2009 and 2010 school year. The information for both the Molloy and Five Towns college was clear, easy to understand and easy to find. Unlike the website for Briarcliffe. Unfortunately, the Briarcliffe...
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...The legal history of marital rape laws in the United States is a long and complex one that evolves through several decades. Traditional rape laws in the US defined rape as forced sexual intercourse by a male with a "female not his wife", making it clear that the statutes did not apply to married couples. The criminalization of marital rape in the United States started in the mid-1970’s and by 1993 marital rape was a crime in all 50 states, under at least one section of the sexual offense codes. In 1992, a survey by the National Victim Centre in Arlington, Virginia states that 10% of all sexual assault cases reported by women involved a husband or ex-husband. During the 1990’s, most states differentiated between the way marital rape and non-marital...
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...According to the Webster’s online dictionary rape can be defined as, “The crime of forcing another person to submit to sex acts, especially sexual intercourse (Merriam Webster 2011).” With reference to marital rape this same concept is applied, except the conditions exist now within the commitment of a marital bond. Many persons feel as if, because a couple has made such a commitment to each other then, it is impossible for rape to exist within a marriage. The question arises, is there really such a thing as rape within the marriage? We feel as though it is in fact possible for one to be raped within this context, and throughout this document we will attempt to discuss the law as it presently stands with relation to the sexual offenses act, the proposed amendment of said law, our views as well as others concerning this issue. What Does Our Law Say About Marital Rape? Rape has long been considered as a scourge of humanity throughout various cultures around the world. It has been made illegal in almost every country as a result of the physical and emotional harm that it causes. The context of rape may vary from country to country and from culture to culture but in the Bahamian code of law, its definition is clearly defined. Before one can truly discuss marital rape the question must be asked, what is the definition of rape according to Bahamian law? The present law in the Bahamas defines rape as “the act of any person not under fourteen...
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...RESEARCH TOPICS Abstinence programs Do they work? Advertising Should certain kinds of ads be banned in the interest of health/morality/annoyance – alcohol, cigarettes, prescription meds, etc…? Africa Why so many wars? What’s the solution? Airplane accidents Who is responsible? Should families of victims be entitled to compensation? Airport security Should the government use invasive pat-downs and body scans to ensure passenger safety or are there better methods? Al Qaida Has U.S. policy actually spread terrorism rather than contain it? Will it get better or worse? Why and how? Alcohol Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18? Animal rights Should it be illegal to use animals for sports and entertainment? Arming pilots Good idea? Art A few years ago, an artist was criticized for depicting the Virgin Mary with elephant dung. When is art not really art? Athletes in high schools Should shoe companies be able to give away free shoes and equipment to high school athletes? Beauty contests Do they serve any purpose in society? Bridges, roads, waterways Why the government gets a bad report card on America’s infrastructure. Bullying laws Should the state or federal government put laws into place to prevent bullying? Cell phones How have they changed us socially? Censorship Should parents censor textbooks and other literature for children in schools? Cheap labor U.S. companies that move factories to undeveloped nations barely pay employees enough to...
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...individuals that we ourselves have chosen to create a sense of order and discipline for the nation in which we reside. Sometimes, however, laws are created that are out of our control and make no sense to us. This leaves us feeling as if we have no say in issues that directly concern us. We are living in our own government’s matrix. This exact sense of control can be seen in a few specific laws that the United States government has made. I am referring to the laws regarding the ages of consent that have been put in place, namely drinking and sexual consent. The law for consumption of alcohol is defined as such: “The legal drinking age in Georgia is 21, as it is in all states” ((Powell, Jonathan A. Par. 4) The law regarding sexual consent is similar: “A person commits the offense of statutory rape when he or she engages in sexual intercourse with any person under the age of 16 years and not his or her spouse, provided that no conviction shall be had for this offense on the unsupported testimony of the victim” (US Law Justia. Par. 1) In an attempt to regulate people under these various legal ages from participating in activities involving these things, the government has placed these ‘safeguards’ on our society and attempted to enforce them. Most of these laws are targeted at restricting teenagers, as the ages of consent are 21 and 18 respectively. These laws really only stop teenagers from legally purchasing alcohol and having sex. If teenagers wish to become involved in sex and drinking...
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...Justice System observes the social order in ensure its wellbeing. The Criminal Justice System is made up of numerous special main branches. Lacking these branches functioning as one the Criminal Justice System would have an arduous moment supporting itself. This paper will elaborate the different tasks related to different sections inside of the Criminal Justice System. The Police officers tasks are to apprehend the accused, and receive warrants and seek out those that are being indicted. They are the first line of defense within the Criminal Justice System. Police are to ensure the well being of society and to aid society at all times whether it is minor offenses like jay walking and major offenses like rape. Varying on the gravity of the offense, the police officer may issue you a warning, or read you your Miranda Rights while taking you into custody. There are in some instances where a police officer may be called in to testify on a situation that they were involved in. A prime case of a police officer having to testify is when a person has been issued a ticket for a moving violation, and the accused wants to fight it in court. The police officer would have to appear in court on the set court date along with the accused to issue his/her account of the situation. The district attorney's office task is to select a district attorney to symbolize the political authority in the tribunal of offenders. They...
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...общественно опасное, противоправное, виновное деяние дееспособного лица, за которое предусмотрено уголовное наказание. Crime - is socially dangerous , illegal , guilty act capable person, which provides criminal penalties. Crimes are defined by criminal law, which refers to a body of federal and state rules that prohibit behavior the government deems harmful to society. If one engages in such behavior, they may be guilty of a crime and prosecuted in criminal court. In today’s society, criminal behavior and criminal trials are highly publicized in the media and commonly the storyline in hit television shows and movies. As a result, people may consider themselves well-informed on the different types of crimes. However, the law can be quite complicated. There are many different types of crimes but, generally, crimes can be divided into four major categories,personal crimes, property crimes, inchoate crimes, and Statutory Crimes: * Personal Crimes – “Offenses against the Person”: These are crimes that result in physical or mental harm to another person. Personal crimes include: * Assault * Battery * False Imprisonment * Kidnapping * Homicide – crimes such as first and second degree, murder, and involuntary manslaughter, and vehicular homicide * Rape, statutory rape, sexual assault and other offenses of a sexual nature * Property Crimes – “Offenses against Property”: These are crimes that do not necessarily involve harm...
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...News about Unconstitutional Laws * SC: 2 EOs ni Erap kaugnay ng Dalawang Batas sa Coco Levy Fund, Unconstitutional 2012-Apr-21 - Saturday ~ 08:16:39 AM MANILA, April 22 (PNA) – The Supreme Court (SC) has declared unconstitutional two presidential acts for the creation of trust funds for farmers in connection with the controversial coco-levy funds. In a 23-page decision written by Associate Justice Roberto Abad, the SC ruled as illegal Executive Order 312, which sought to establish a P1-billion fund from the assets acquired using coco-levy funds and Executive Order 313, or the creation of an irrevocable trust fund known as the Coconut Trust Fund, which also directed government lawyers to exclude the 27 percent shares of the Coconut Industry Investment Fund (CIIF) in San Miguel Corp. (SMC) from the coco-levy case of former Ambassador Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco, Jr. With a unanimous vote of 11 justices, the SC granted the petition of farmer groups, led by Pambansang Koalisyon ng mga Samahang Magsasaka at Manggagawa sa Niyugan in declaring EOs 312 and 313 as void. Associate Justice Antonio Carpio took no part since he is also one of the petitioners in the case. Also inhibiting from the case were Associate Justices Teresita Leonardo-De Castro and Diosdado Peralta since they have decided an interrelated case. EOs 312 and 313 were creations of then President Joseph “Erap” Ejercito Estrada. “But, given that the provisions of EO 312 and 313, which was already stated invalidly...
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...officially receive until… 1970s 6. A corporation as the same right of privacy as a living person… False 7. Which of following actions if not “fair use” under copyright law? 8. Under the Lanham Act, an advertiser can force a medium to publish an advertisement? False 9. Advertisement agencies and the mass media can also be held responsible for false advertising? True 10. A creator should be rewarded for creation even if it’s not original, sweat of the brow 11. A person who’s photo who’s taken on a public sidewalk, cannot sue…. None of the Above 12. The U.S. Supreme Court defines commercial speech as, Pg. 586 speech that proposes commercial transaction 13. An employee, job emails, company computer – false 14. If John Doe sued for IOP if he was published for bombing a police car…. Permissible 15. The use of celebrity on a shirt is always regarded as an appropriation… False 16. The U.S.S., commercial speech, truthfully advertises products (students, obscene speech)… neither student nor obscene speech 17. The plaintiff must show that his or her work…true 18. In privacy law, the incidental use, public incident… brief or 19. Under the digital copyright law, cannot be held liable to, as soon as they are told… True 20. Least by courts… false light 21. Trademark law can protect…all of the above 22. The reason plagiarism is more common…access to the internet 23. While most copyright works are protected for the life of creator...
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...Debates on Marital Rape being an exemption in the IPC INTRODUCTION Violence against women within the family has become a contemporary issue. With the mounting concerns of researchers and women activists, a plethora of literature is coming out on the nature, extent and reminiscent strategies of violence within public as well as private domain. The physical and sexual abuse of women in public domain and children has become widely recognized. Laws have been changed, shelters and treatment programs have been launched, and documentaries/movies have been made on the issue, yet sexual relations within married couples are less discussed and scantily researched issues in India. There is a curious silence surrounding sexual violence towards wives as wife, family and children are considered as private issues and moreover notion of family rest on the peace and security of women. Though widespread, sexual violence or marital rape is still regarded as a tabooed issue. Marriage has always been known as a sacred institution but, wonder how much of it exists today. Marriage is no more a ‘sacrosanct institution’, for, there are issues within it that have sort of shaken the ground basis of the entire union of a man and a woman and this idea of the “sacrosanct” institution of marriage is dished out by the mainstream Indian cinema is a myth and is contrary to women’s perceptions of reality. Marriage now, is just not limited to being with the man you love, respect and want to spend your...
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...the common laws used legally by the English. However, certain practices previously accepted by the English laws are outlawed by the current US constitution. Common law courts in the US have over the time become stater desicis. This means that common law judges are not only mandated to apply the law but they also create laws. In this context, court decisions become precedents for future case rulings. English law was formally applied in the US through various ways. With the exclusion of Louisiana, all states in the US applied the reception statue that states that the English law is the state law. Another way that the English law became applicable in the US is that most states in the US reenacted the important British statues during the Revolution. One of the statues commonly adapted from the Revolution period is the statue of fraud still commonly used by that name in the US. During early times, American courts hardly cited contemporary English laws. This was as a result of appellate decisions from most American courts not being regularly reported. However with time, English legal decisions disappeared in the 19th century which was as a result of American courts becoming more independent in solving legal problems. According to Carp, today in US courts, foreign laws are never cited as precedent but may be cited as a reflection with regards to western civilization (Carp & Stidham, 2001). There are various types of law in the US. Procedural law is one type of law that controls...
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...Problems With The Law on Rape in Nigeria By Aloy Ojilere,* Introduction The law relating to rape in Nigeria is rarely discussed even though rape occurs very often and is considered as the most dehumanizing act that can be done on a woman or girl.1 The opinion has also been held that "Nigerian female victims of rape are rater punished by the laws that be and stigmatized by society instead of being rendered justice to and protected.2 This paper will examine the laws relating to rape and/or governing rape trials in Nigeria, to wit: the Penal Code and Criminal Code and the Evidence Act, to underscore the meaning, elements, defences and application of the offence of rape in Nigeria and determine their sufficiency and/or insufficiency with regards to victim protection. Accordingly, the paper will access and overhaul the statutory definition of rape, the common law presumption as to the age of a person who may commit the offence, the requirement for corroboration of evidence of a rape victim/survivor and the issue of consent as a defence to rape. The gender insensitive nature of the law on rape in Nigeria which constitutes a discrimination against men (by defining rape as an offence which can only be committed by a male) will also be highlighted. Suggestions will also be made for legislative review or upgrade of the law on rape in Nigeria in line with what obtains in some other jurisdictions. 1.0 Meaning of Rape Rape is a specific sexual...
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...It is many things to many people: a guilty pleasure, a shameful addiction, a stress relief, foreplay, an obscene creation or even a vulgar pastime. However, as time passes, pornography is becoming decreasingly taboo, and this could result in a significant impact on societal values and perceptions. Introduction: Questions and Objectives Long has there been war between those who are for pornography and those against it. Is pornography harmful or harmless? Just what are the effects of pornography on society? Is it just simply a harmless way to release pent-up lust or does it play a big role in shaping society? Could minutes of watching pornography a day affect society in a big way - say for instance, the rates of sexual crimes like rape, molest and sexual harassment? In this essay, we will attempt to prove that there is a strong and direct correlation between pornography and sexual crimes by critically examining the arguments provided before we draw a conclusion. Our hypothesis is that, indeed, increased pornography viewer-ship will cause a rise in sexual crimes. This is an easy conclusion to draw, as one would expect those who frequent pornography to be more sexually imaginative, active and accepting as compared to people who would normally not watch pornography. We are tackling this topic by firstly examining the research done and secondly comparing the various arguments as found through research. We will also compare two very different countries - Malaysia...
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...report will be based on the following which is the process when making an act of parliament the different stages they have to go through when a new law is being brought out and also the rules of statutory interpretation. For the merit, the methods of law making will be compared and contrasted and also the applying the rules of statutory interpretation. For the final part of this report, the role of the Judiciary in the formulation and interpretation of legal rules. How (most) laws are made * Most new laws passed by Parliament result from proposals made by the government. * Proposals aim to shape society or address specific problems. * Normally, they ‘re created over a period of time An issue or problem emerges on the government's agenda Originally, a government's plan is well-informed by the general election. Politician parties compete for support from British voters by campaigning on their view for the country and how they would make things better for the UK and change things. The political party which wins the election then forms the government, and bases its legislative agenda on its election manifesto. But, where no single political party decisively wins the election - as happened in 2010 - two or more parties may form an alliance government. They might have to negotiate a joint vision and agree on which new laws to champion in the future of the parliament. Once in government, other events and effects also compete for ministers' attention. Unexpected crises...
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...Child Prostitution Child prostitution refers to children and adolescents receiving money or other items of value in exchange for engaging in sexual acts or allowing sexual acts to be performed on them. Child prostitution is a form of sexual abuse. According to Child Maltreatment, published in 2008, sexual abuse is defined as a type of maltreatment that refers to the involvement of the child in sexual activity to provide sexual benefit or financial benefit to the perpetrator, including contacts for sexual purposes, molestation, statutory rape, (child) prostitution, (child) pornography, exposure, incest or other sexually exploitative activities. Both girls and boys may be prostituted. Some children have had hundreds of sex partners. They usually continue a life of prostitution into adulthood. Federal laws in the United States, as well as laws in every state, ban child prostitution. In the United States, any person who knowingly transports any child under the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce or in any commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, with the intent that the individual engage in prostitution or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, may be fined or imprisoned. In some states, such as Maine and Wisconsin, prostituting one's child is specific grounds for the termination of parental rights. (In other states, parental rights may be terminated for sexual abuse, abandonment...
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