...Sickle Cell Anemia Prepared by: Jozalyn Velez Outline • Definition • Symptoms • Causes • Diagnosis • Treatment/prevention • conclusion Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle Cell Anemia is an inherited form of anemia, a condition in which there isn’t enough healthy red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen throughout your body. Normally a person has flexible and round blood cells. With Sickle Cell anemia, Hemoglobin molecules in red blood cells, that carry oxygen in the body, are defective causing some of the red blood cells to change and form a sickle, or crescent moon shape. Symptoms Pain: The sickle cells are sticky and get stuck, clump together, resulting in a blockage in the flow of blood small blood vessels. This blockage in the flow of blood causes episodes of pain, called crises, a major symptom of Sickle Cell Anemia, to the person. Anemia: In anemia, the sickle cells die quickly. Normal red blood cells usually last about 120 days before they die and are replaced, but sickle cells only last about 10 to 12 days before they die, resulting in an insufficient amount of red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout the body. This is the reason the person feels fatigued, has shortness of breath, and looks pale.. Delayed Growth: Anemia slows the rate of growth because the body’s cells don’t get the oxygen they need to grow. People with sickle cell anemia usually have a smaller build thanother people of the same age. Vision...
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...report I want to talk about sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a blood disease that changes the shape of the red blood cells from the circular shape to the shape of the crescent. The shape of the sickle changes into a crescent, which is difficult to pass through the small blood vessels. When this occurs, it is difficult to enter oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich substance that makes blood red and allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. The abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to be rigid, sticky and deformed. The father and mother must transmit the defective form of the gene in order for the child to be affected. If a parent transports the gene, the child will have some cells that have been...
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...Eastern Shore Sickle Cell Anemia Dayona Williams Developmental Psychology 0301 Evelyn Jones 25 November 2014 Abstract: The paper you are about to read will inform you about the disease Sickle cell Anemia. It will explain to you about what Sickle cell Anemia is and how you develop it. This paper will also tell you the symptoms and who can get it. While reading the information you will understand all about the disease and how it’s treated and can it be cured. Also in the paper it will inform you about the difference in Sickle cell Anemia and Sickle cell Trait. Lastly, In the paper you are about to learn all you need to know if someone in your family has Sickle cell Anemia and what they go through and how to actually understand it. In today’s society many kids and adults face the disease called Sickle-cell Anemia. This disease is well known throughout many states and countries. Sickle-cell Anemia is when red blood cells are not shaped as normal blood cells. They are shape in a crescent moon like shape which creates different blockages from the normal cells to pass through. The reason why is because the actual sickle cells become sticky to the point where they stick on the blood vessels wall. Many people know that red blood cells carry nutrients and oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. With the blood vessels flow being blocked and the blood cells shape being crescent there is not enough oxygen being pushed through the body. The red blood cell also carries, “iron...
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...Sickle Cell Anemia Dennis Martin Jersey College School of Nursing Pediatric Nursing NUR205 Ms. Fran Davis September 30, 2013 Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disease, associated with episodes of acute illness and progressive organ damage, and is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide. Understand of the disease has gradually increased since the disease was first described with a characteristic sickle shaped erythrocytes by Herrick in 1910 (Herrick, 1910). This literature will cover what is SCD, along with other topic such as pathophysiology, etiology, sign and symptoms, risk factors and patient teaching. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a multisystem disease, associated with episodes of acute illness and progressive organ damage, and is one of the most common severe monogenic disorders worldwide (Weatherall, Hofman, Rodgers, Ruffin, & Hrynkow, 2004). Understand of the disease has gradually increased since the disease was first described with a characteristic sickle shaped erythrocytes by Herrick in 1910 (Herrick, 1910). In 1951 A Nobel Prize-Prize winning chemist by the name of Dr. Linus Pauling and his colleague Dr. Harvey Itano, discovered that the red, oxygen carrying protein called "hemoglobin" had a different chemical structure in persons with SCD. This led Dr. Pauling to coin the term "molecular disease" for disorders that resulted from proteins and abnormal chemical structures (Winter, n.d.). Although...
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... Sickle Cell Anemia Assignment #2 BIOL 1010 James Cheetham May 29 2014 Sickle Cell Anemia, Also known as Hemoglobin S Disease (HbS Disease), spreads along the lines of anemic or iron deficient blood types . Hemoglobin is the red protein that is responsible for transporting Oxygen in vertebrates. It is composed of 4 protein subunits, two called Alpha – globin and two called Beta-globin. The HBB gene, located on the 11th Chromosome (11p15.4 specifically and its locus MIM number is141900), provides “Instructions “ for making the beta globin but unfortunately nothing in life is perfect and mutations are bound to occur. Various versions of Beta Globin result from different kinds of mutations in the HBB gene. Some mutations in the HBB gene lead to abnormal versions of beta globin such as hemoglobin C (HbC) and hemoglobin E (HbE). HBB gene mutations can also result in unusually low levels of beta-globin; this abnormality is called beta thalassemia .One particular mutation produces the abnormal HbS Beta globin. People with sickle cell disease, at least one of the beta globin subunits in hemoglobin are replaced with hemoglobin S. For example, people with sickle hemoglobin C (HbSC) disease have hemoglobin molecules with hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C instead of beta globin If mutations that produce Hemoglobin S and beta thalassemia occur together, individuals have hemoglobin S-beta thalassemia (HbSBetaThal). In people with Sickle Cell Anemia, both...
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...different blood disorders that stem from theses causes: sickle cell anemia, thrombocytopenia, and iron deficiency anemia. Each of these blood disorders are diagnosed, treated, and have different prevention methods. Sickle cell anemia causes normal round red blood cells to become crescent shaped. Normal red blood cells can easily move throughout the body’s blood vessels and supply the body with the adequate amount of oxygen enriched blood. But crescent or sickle shaped red blood cells often get stuck in the blood vessels blocking the vessels and causing the stop of oxygen from getting to the bodies organs, tissue, muscle, and bones. Sickle cell anemia is caused by an inherited genetic trait by both of the parents of the affected child. If the child only inherits the sickle cell gene from one parent then the child is said to have the trait but not the disease. However, the child that has only the trait is considered a carrier of the disease and can pass the gene to his or her children. Most people are diagnosed with sickle cell anemia when they are born by having a simple blood test that most hospitals require at birth. Antibiotics are the first course of treatment and it is given to children between the ages of two months to five years of age. Parents are also encouraged to have their children’s routine childhood immunizations on time. The hardest part of this disease is the pain that the patient goes through by the sickle cells blocking blood vessels. Each patient is put on some...
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...inheriting this disease. Cystic Fibrosis were first discovered in 1989 by a pathologist named Dorothy Anderson. Dorothy Anderson discovered this disease when she did multiple autopsies on children and seen that a lot of them were malnutrition. CFTR is a gene that helps make proteins, that produces saliva, sweat and digestive enzymes. CFTR is developed by both parents, but when the gene is broken the child will develop Cystic Fibrosis. When the CFTR gene is only inherited from only one parent, the trait for Cystic Fibrosis is carried, which means their children will have the disease. When experiencing pain in the abdomen, and burning in the chest are symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis. Coughing up blood, bad constipation, wheezing, and salty sweat are also common symptoms. Puberty can be delayed for a child and growth of the body is affected when they have cystic fibrosis. Many parents don’t know that Cystic Fibrosis can be prevented, by taking genetic tests. Genetic testing is when the doctor takes a sample of your blood to see what the risk of having a child with this. This test may also be run while pregnant, so the doctor can keep a close look at how the baby is developing throughout the pregnancy. Staff (2011) Stated...
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...Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. Approximately 80,000 Americans have the disease. In the United States, sickle cell disease is most prevalent among African Americans. About one in 12 African Americans and about one in 100 Hispanic Americans carry the sickle cell trait, which means they are carriers of the disease. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Red blood cells with normal hemoglobin (hemoglobin-A) are smooth and round and glide through blood vessels. In people with sickle cell disease, abnormal hemoglobin molecules - hemoglobin S - stick to one another and form long, rod-like structures. These structures cause red blood cells to become stiff, assuming a sickle shape. Their shape causes these red blood cells to pile up, causing blockages and damaging vital organs and tissue. Sickle cells are destroyed rapidly in the bodies of people with the disease, causing anemia. This anemia is what gives the disease...
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...Sickle Cell Disease Sickle cell disease has been discovered for several hundred years. The first case reported in America was by Dr. James Herrick with a 20-year-old student patient from West Indies (Desai, 2004). The prevalence of this disease in the United State is around 1 in 5,000. Most patients are descendents of Sub-Saharan Africans. Every 1 out of 500 African Americans is born with this disease. Sickle cell is caused by hemoglobin S – an abnormal type of hemoglobin. This hemoglobin is a protein that carrying oxygen inside the red blood cells. However, hemoglobin S is abnormal and can change the shape of the red blood cell to a crescent- or sickle-like shape. Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and can move easily through blood vessels. The normal red blood cells’ function is to transfer oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body (“What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?”). Sickle-shaped red blood cells, on the other hand, are stiff and sticky; they move very slowly and difficultly through the blood vessels. These troubled cells can cause pain, infection and organ damages because they cannot perform the basic functions as do by the normal red blood cells (“What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?”). Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disease inherited from parents. However, only both parents with sickle cell genes can produce a child with sickle cell disease. A sickle cell disease patient must inherited two sickle cell genes from each parent. A person has only one sickle cell...
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...Ashley McHugh Ms. Greve Biology I Academic (2)-1 11 January 2016 Sickle Cell Disease: A Chronic Cruelty Sickle cell disease is a collection of inherited blood cell disorders in which the hemoglobin in red blood cells mutates into a dangerous crescent shape. This crescent shape is “not flexible and can stick to vessel walls, causing a blockage that slows or stops the flow of blood.” Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the United States, but it primarily affects African Americans. Victims suffer from lifelong complications wherein the worst of the pain lies in sporadic episodes. Sickle cell disease is an incurable hereditary condition which produces abnormally shaped red blood cells that trigger periods of severe pain;...
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...out there and millions of people are being affected with the disorders the most common are sickle cell disease, anemia and hemophilia. There are men, women, and children who are living with the complications of these diseases and many others. A person can be affected with blood disorder at any time in life, lifestyle, family history, and some blood disorders can be quite painful and life threatening. It is imperative to learn how to prevent and deal with any type of the blood disorders. The blood disorders in the three case scenarios are all different. In the first scenario, Amy has iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency is a common type of anemia that happens to American’s around the world. In iron deficiency anemia, the body does not produce enough red blood cells in the body. Healthy blood cells are needed to carry oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of the body. Iron deficiency anemia reduces the number of healthy blood cells and in return, the body cannot receive all the oxygen it needs to feel energized (MFMER, 2002). Without enough iron in the body, the body cannot produce enough of hemoglobin in which enables the red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body. As a result, the iron deficiency leaves the body feeling tired weak and the skin looking pale. Iron deficiency anemia is diagnose through the series of blood tests these test help check for the red blood cell size and color it checks for the hematocrit, which is the portion of the blood volume in the...
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...on The Sickle Cell Disease Specific Purpose: After hearing my speech my audience will know more about the sickle cell disease Thesis: Sickle Cell Anemia is the most common form of The Sickle Cell Disease Introduction 1. Sickle cell disease is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States. 2. Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is a serious disorder in which the body makes sickle shaped red blood cells. “Sickle shaped” means that the red blood cells are shaped like a crescent according to www.nhlbi.gov 3. According to www.genome.gov approximately 80,000 americans have the disease. In the U.S. sickle cell disease is the most prevalent among Africans americans. About 1 in 12 African americans and about 1 in 100 Hispanic americans carry the sickle cell trait. Which means they are carriers of the disease. 4. When Sickle-shaped cells block small blood vessels, less blood can reach that part of the body. Tissue that does not receive a normal blood flow eventually becomes damaged. This is what causes the complications of sickle cell disease. There is currently no universal cure for sickle cell disease. According to www.sicklecelldisease.org. Today, we will be talking about it`s symptoms and treatments 1. What are the symptoms of sickle cell disease A. According to kids health.org for a person to be diagnosed with the sickle cell disease they must have the following 1. Most kids with sickle cell disease...
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...the first scenario, we have a 4 year old female with the signs/diagnosis of Iron deficiency anemia. This is the most common type of anemia and can affect people who have a diet which is low in iron or who have lost a ton of RBC’s through bleeding. In this patient’s case, she has a very poor diet due to her picky eating habits. Her diet consists of hot dogs, starchy foods and a sugar filled fruit punch. With the help of red blood cells (RBC’s) it keeps our bodies full and suffice of the older cells that been lost or have died. Now with platelets, this will help keep the patient from getting infections and such through wounds such as smaller cuts and scrapes. With platelets it will help the wound clot and prevent anymore bleeding. In children, iron deficiency anemia can be prevented by being sure that your child has good iron rich diet. For example, in your child’s first you should avoid giving them cow’s milk due to it being low in iron. Once they are old enough you may need to limit the amount of cow’s milk they receive. In our patient’s case, she needs to have a more iron rich diet. All of the processed foods and drinks should be limited or eliminated from her diet in order to improve her health. This type of anemia can be diagnosed by your past health and the results of the bloodwork done at patient intake. The second scenario is a 5 year old African American male who is being screened for the Sickle cell trait. Sickle cell anemia is the most common form of the sickle cell...
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...Effect of Sickle Cell Disease Gene of Two Parents Traits on a Child Desmond Jefferson PSY104 Holly Johnson April 15, 2013 In trying to expound the reasons why the genes of the two parents influence the traits of an offspring, with in examination of how abnormalities can contribute to genetic and / or chromosomal disorder. I will use sickles cell disease to explain my reasoning. According to Wikipedia, Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disorder with over dominance, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape. Sickle cell disease decreases the cells' flexibility and results in a risk of various complications. In this paper I will discuss how sickle cell disease occurs because of a mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Even though sickle cell gene of two parent’s traits affects a child, what are the chances of having a baby with sickle cell trait? Knowing that individuals with sickle cell trait can pass the sickle hemoglobin gene to their children and, when one parent has sickle cell trait and the other parent has normal hemoglobin the child may inherit. How do you know if you have sickle cell trait? You can easily get a blood test form most hospital, medical centers and doctor offices. When you get the blood test, it determines if you have sickle cell trait. As in women, they can find out if they have sickle cell traits during their pregnancy to find out if the child is going to have the trait or the disease...
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...is one of the most essential elements within the body. Blood is made up of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets. Blood is vital to the body functioning correctly, and it is important to understand that there are many types of blood disorders that can cause people to get sick. While there are many different types of blood disorders out there, this paper is going to cover three which are, anemia, sickle cell, and thrombocytopenia. Also, a review of plasma, red blood cells, and platelets to give a better understand of blood disorders. Plasma is the liquid portion of blood. Plasma is made up mostly of water and contains dissolved proteins, carbon dioxide, glucose, hormones, mineral ions, and clotting factors. Plasma acts as a storage unit for reserved proteins. Also, plasma keeps a person electrolytes in balanced form to protect the body from blood disorders and infection. If plasma in the blood is compromised, then the body cannot protect itself against blood disorders and infection ("American Red Cross", 2015). The red blood cells primary job is to transport oxygen. They are perhaps the most recognizable component of blood. Red blood cells are rich in oxygen. The cytoplasm of the red blood cell is rich with hemoglobin that binds oxygen and allows it to transport the oxygen throughout a person’s body. Hemoglobin is also what makes the blood look red. There are one billion red blood cells in just two to three drops of blood. ("American Red Cross", 2015). Platelets are the small...
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