...Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud Introduction Carl Jung (1875-1961) and Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) were two individuals whose theories on human personality would completely affect the way that people viewed the human mind. Carl Gustav was a practicing psychotherapist while Sigmund Freud created the discipline of psychoanalysis. The two men had seemingly identical beliefs about human behavior, but also had contrasting beliefs about concepts such as the ego, the psyche, and the state of unconsciousness. Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud’s Theories Sigmund Freud’s beliefs about personality were based on past experiences in an individual’s childhood. Freud stated that all human beings had three personality levels. These were the ego, the id, and the superego. The level of the id is the one that houses a person’s primitive drives and supports the enactment of decisions that are purely based on pleasure. The id’s objective is to avoid pain at all costs and only seek pleasurable sensations. The ego, on the other hand, identifies the significance of reality and makes decisions based on concepts such as judgment, perception recognition, and memory. The last level, the superego, is dedicated to seeking perfection (Reber, 2006). This level houses the individual’s accepted social morals and ideals in the conscience. Jung had different views about the different mental levels in the conscious mind. Instead of the ego, id, and superego, Jung perceived the human thought process as constituting of...
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...Running head: Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud Christopher M. Scott Abstract Why do we dream, what are we dreaming, and when we dream it? According to Dr. Sigmund Freud, it is what we are hiding that affects our dreams; yet how much do our dreams affect our waking lives. Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud an Austrian physician and neurologist with extreme and sometimes controversial ideas regarding the mind is today referred to as one of the greatest minds of the past century. Through much of his life Freud worked toward a career in law with aspirations of becoming an attorney. While attending the University of Vienna, Freud began focusing more on the studies of and theories of Charles Darwin. This attracted him and drew him toward the study of the sciences. His intention was to study the philosophically-scientific questions facing doctors and scientists in the late 19th century. One of the major influences on Freud and in his decision to change career paths was French psychiatrist Jean Charcot. When Freud met Charcot, Charcot being the Director and Head Instructor at Salpetriere Hospital in Europe, Freud showed intense interest in Charcot’s investigations on hysteria. The studies of Freud with Charcot led to Freud’s desire to learn and accelerate studies of psychopathology. Freud developed a new method of psychology and study of the psychosis, Psychoanalysis and the Theory of Dreams. The theory of dreams was to show symbolism and reference to our waking lives. Freud discussed this...
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...Sigmund Freud revolutionized the study of dreams with his work The Interpretation Of Dreams. Freud developed several themes on dream psychology. He proposed the structure of the Human Psyche – the id, ego, and superego. Sigmund Freud was a world renowned psychologist and writer who forever changed the world of psychoanalysis. The three structures of the Human Psyche Freud proposed are: Id - centered around original impulses, pleasures, desires, and wish fulfillment. Ego - worried with the conscious, the sensible, the ethical and the self-aware aspect of the mind. Superego - the censor for the id, which is also responsible for enforcing the moral codes of the ego. (http://www.dreaminterpretation-dictionary.com/sigmund-freud-theory.html) First Freud believed that the Id directed our basic drive instincts. He said that it was unorganized and would seek to obtain pleasure or avoid pain. He described Id as chaos, a cauldron full of seething excitations, it is filled with energy reaching it from the instincts, but it has no organization, produces no collective will, but only motivation to bring out the satisfaction of instinctual needs. (http://www.dreaminterpretation-dictionary.com/sigmund-freud-theory.html) Next Freud thought of the Ego as the mediator, the egos job is to mediate the intropsychic conflict between the id and superego. The ego is the part of your personality that is responsible for dealing with reality, the ego strives to please the Id’s drive. ...
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...therapy was started by Sigmund Freud. This in which dream analysis, free association, and examination of opposition and transference are used to research blocked or unconscious urges, anxieties, and internal struggles. This is also called psychoanalytic therapy to others. In 1896, aged forty, Freud published Heredity and the Etiology of the Neuroses, in which the term “psychoanalysis” initially came about. After Freud’s father’s death in 1896, Freud began to pay certain attention to the abundant making of dreams and anxieties which came upon his mourning. In 1897 he devoted himself to an intense and rigorous self-analysis. When he was forty four years of age he described the mental apparatus, on the basis of a certain number of processes or systems, and the relationships between them. His publication of “The Interpretation of Dreams” increasingly conveyed him on to fame. Freud was then joined by equals in this field whom he trained in psychoanalysis. These followers of his explored, and tested in the farthest grasps of the human psyche. All of this allowed Freud to speed up the expansion & development of his psychoanalysis theories. Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements: “the id, the ego, and the superego.” In psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud would have a patient lie on a couch to relax. Freud would sit down behind his patients, acquiring notes, and during this they had to tell Freud their thoughts. They told him about their dreams and younger memories...
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...Introduction to Research Paper Writing The purpose of research writing is to collect, present, and interact with what is known about a topic. Primary research is “firsthand”—original research that generates new knowledge, such as scientific studies, social science surveys or case studies, and so on. Most college papers do not involve this kind of research. Secondary research is much more common. This is done by reading and organizing materials generated by others’ studies. (Most lower division college research papers are secondary research; primary research writing always begins with a survey of already-published research, often called a “review of related literature” or “lit review.”) Since this kind of writing is using materials that others have developed and published, it is very important to document and cite the sources of material used in writing. If sources are not documented and given proper credit, the result is plagiarism. Plagiarism may not be intentional, but it is still a serious problem. Passing off ideas, concepts, and data as one’s own is a violation of intellectual integrity. It amounts to theft of intellectual property. For many reasons, then, it is critically important to learn how to properly use material collected in research. The appropriate presentation of research content uses proper format. The format, or style, of a paper refers to the systematic way in which research materials are documented and cited. The documentation of sources used in a paper is...
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...Dream Analysis and Interpretation Concordia University- Wisconsin KA October 9, 2012 COUN-554 All human beings are also dream beings. Dreaming ties all mankind together. - Jack Kerouac Humans have been studying and trying to understand the meaning behind dreams and what exactly they mean. Although, dream interpretations have been around since 3000-4000B.C., there is still great controversy over analyzing and understanding dreams. According to (Word IQ, 2010), dream interpretation is the art of determining the meaning of the symbolic content of a dream. During the Greek and Roman periods, dreams were believed to be direct messages from their gods or the dead. They believed that dreams forewarned and predicted the future, and therefore, provided them with solutions on how to handle situations. The Greek and Roman people had self-help techniques for inducing certain dreams. They also believed in the significance of dreams, and used interpreters to work alongside both military and political leaders. Dream interpretation is also a part of psychoanalysis; psychoanalytical therapists analyze the content of the dream, perception of dream, hidden content of a dream, and the meaning of the dream and the reasons the dream occurred. Sigmund Freud’s pioneering psychoanalytic approach to interpreting dreams is currently used in Modern-day therapeutic settings. Another approach to dream interpretation is from a Christian biblical perspective. Dream interpretation dates...
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...Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than any other who became before him. His contributions to psychology are vast. Freud was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century and his enduring legacy has influenced not only psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children. Freud’s lexicon has become embedded within the vocabulary of western society. Words he introduced through his theories are now used by everyday people, such as anal (personality), libido, denial, repression, cathartic, Freudian slip, and neurotic. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating a mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Psychoanalysis is often known as the talking cure. Typically Freud would encourage his patient to talk freely (on his famous couch) regarding their symptoms and to describe exactly what was in their mind. The Case of Anna O The case of Anna O (real name Bertha Pappenheim) marked a turning point in the career of a young Viennese neuropathologist by the name of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. Anna suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. Breuer discussed the...
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... Sigmund Freud come from a small town called Freiberg in Moravia he was born May 6, 1856 he was a smart child who always stayed at the top of his class he went to medical school. Freud farther was a sharp man who worked as a wool merchant with a firm and steady mind, his mother was the third wife an attractive woman who married his father Jacob Freud he was 20years older than she despite the age difference Sigmund father loved and adore his wife. When Sigmund Freud was around two half years old his mother added a new edition to the family a bouncing baby girl which gave Freud an epitome leaving him in suspense. Since the birth of his sister Sigmund Freud wonder at such an early age about the function of humanity such as confrontation between brothers and sisters, things got a little more unease when Freud realized his two half brothers from a previous marriage lived near him and was effectuated over his mother. Young Freud did not understand why did his half brothers was effectuated with his mother? In later years Freud will remember the tangle erotic relationship of his childhood (Gay, 1998; James, 1953). Martha Bernays and Sigmund met in 1882 were they feel in love and pursue their relationship between one another the couple did not have enough money for an early wedding nor would their background will allow them to participate in any sexual conduct. Dr Sigmund and Martha decided at the early age of 20 that all...
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...Report: Dream Psychology by Sigmund Freud Yvette R. Gibbs Grand Canyon University: Personality Psychology June 27, 2014 Dream Psychology Chapter Summaries Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, was a physiologist, medicinal physician, psychologist, and instrumental intellectual of the 1900’s. Freud said dreams are windows into our unconscious mind where the angsts, longings, and feelings exist that we stifle in some type or another to conceal from conscious thought. In other words, we do not want to realize them so they get constrained into the alcoves of the subconscious. Thus, with respect to the concept of wish- fulfilment and dreaming, we desire that the thing that concerns us in the subconscious, expressed by means of the dreams. Consequently, on this basis, both “undesirable” and “positive” (things we wish do happen) dreams are the result of wish-fulfilment. Chapter I: Dreams Have a Meaning Freud was a true believer that all dreams had some meaning. Dreams are our unconscious feelings. Whether good or bad thoughts we have and do not act on manifest into our dreams; they are usually indirect clues. Freud (1920) states the basis on “a peculiar state of psychical activity”. Some spectators recognize the dream may be capable of exceptional successes in selected areas (e.g. Memory) (Freud, 1920). Some medical writers believe that dreams are merely stimuli from the body; contrary to their beliefs, dreams do have some meaning (Freud, 1920). Reading one’s dream the...
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...Liao English 104 – 33 12 March 2013 Research Proposal: The Psychology of Dreams For my research project, I am investigating the abstract world of dreams and the theories behind those dreams. Why we dream what we dream, and how, and where dreams come from. There have been many different theories on where dreams come from and how to interpret the dreams of different people. I will be exploring the similarities and differences of those theories along with speculating which theories are the most accurate, taking into consideration recent research on the psychology of dreams and dream interpretation. My main focus will be the world-renowned psychologist, Sigmund Freud. His theories on dreams and the interpretation of dreams are the most widely known and socially accepted theories, but are those theories the most accurate? That is what my research paper will be discussing and examining. This paper will be objective, simply providing the facts about dreams and the different theories regarding dreams and the interpretation of them. I will go in depth with why we dream what we dream, some of the most common dreams that people have, and what the most popular theories are behind the psychology of dreams. My purpose of this paper is to inform my audience of the theories behind dreams and where they come from. I will provide information on the different interpretations of common dreams, the history of dreams, and the basics of the sleeping cycle. My readers are my class peers as well...
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...Carl Jung, Alfred Adler and Sigmund Freud are known to be Pioneers of psychology, influential thinkers and major contributors to the modern science of psychology. All three men had very different distinct theories, but all shared one thing they were very passionate when it came to their endeavors and their thoughts and never settled with conclusion. The three dedicated their entire lives to a better understanding of the human mind and how it works, the commitment they made to psychology contributed significantly to how we practice it today. Among these three founders of mind science, Freud is indisputably the most acclaimed and was a birthing factor that helped to develop the work of the latter two. Sigmund Freud, considered to most in the field as “The Father of Modern Psychology”, viewed the human psyche from a sexual perspective sometimes so much that one might find his works strange, and somewhat perverse but none the less revolutionary and genius. Freud theorized that the human mind was made up of three basic components. The three components are “The Id”,” The Ego”, and “The Superego”. These three individual parts of the human mind often conflict with one another, shaping personality. Adler’s psychology, which he called "Individual Psychology," was based on indivisibility of the personality. His most notable stray from Freud's teaching was Adler’s belief that it was vital to view the human being as a whole entity. Whereas Frued portrays the human as a large combination...
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...Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, which is now Pribor, in Czech Republic, the son of Jacob Freud and his third wife Amalia. Sigmund was followed by seven younger brothers and sisters. His family constellation was unusual because Freud's two half-brothers, Emmanuel and Philip, were almost the same age as his mother. Freud was younger than his nephew John, Emmanuel's son. This odd situation may have triggered Freud's interest on family dynamics, leading to his ulterior formulations on the Oedipus Complex. Freud's father, a Jewish wool merchant of modest means, moved the family to Leipzig, Germany in 1859, and then settled in Vienna, where Freud remained until 1938. When Freud was eight years old, he was reading Shakespeare, and, during his adolescence, the hearing of a lecture about Goethe's essay on nature impressed him very much. Having considered studying law previously, he decided instead on a career in medical research, beginning his studies at Vienna University in 1873. As a student, Freud began research work on the central nervous system, guided by Ernst von Brock, and qualified as doctor of medicine in 1881. He worked at the Theodor Meynert's Psychiatric Clinic for a year, and later studied with Charcot, at the Salpetriure, in Paris. From 1884 to 1887 Freud published several articles on cocaine. He married Martha Bernays in 1886. The couple had six children (Mathilde, 1887; Jean-Martin, 1889; Olivier, 1891; Ernst, 1892; Sophie, 1893;...
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...Enlightenment would never be the same and modern day societies are still influenced at what was achieved and destroyed during this time. I am going to highlight the life of Sigmund Freud’s and how his theories impacted how we look at the human mind today. Then I will go over World War 1 and how it completely changed cultures of the west. Finally I will explain how WW1 and Sigmund Freud connected and changed western societies forever. Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia in 1856. There is not a lot of information on Sigmund Freud’s early life because he chose to keep it out of the public’s eye. “Little is known of Freud’s early life as he twice destroyed his personal paper, once in 1885 and again in 1907” (Psychologist, World). His personal papers were closely guarded in Sigmund Freud’s archives and only available to Ernest Jones his official biographer. Freud published countless theories that created a lot of controversy in his time and still in our modern world today. Sigmund published many works but most of them if not all of them go back to his theory on psychoanalysis, a term he first used in 1896. He explained that you can use therapy as a way to help people emotionally by talking it out which would later be characterized as the “talking cure”. In 1900 he published The Interpretation of Dreams a book about his theory on the unconscious. This would be one of Freud’s favorite works where he brings up his...
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...Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Sigmund Freud, is said to be one of the greatest Psychologist of all times. Although he has a different outlook on understanding how people act is quite intriguing. In comparison and contrast the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are very different and unique. However, Freud, Jung, and Adler are not at all alike. Freud based most psychological things on sexuality. Jung, promoted the concept of archetypes, and Adler believed in the “will power” theory Adler also believed that fundamentally, human beings are self-determined. Freud is big on self-consciousness; Jung said “the aim of life is to know oneself, and to know one is to plumb the depths of the inchoate seas of not only the personal unconscious but the collective unconscious as well.” Adler stated that “individual psychology based on the idea of the indivisibility of one’s personality.” Freud, Jung, and Adler became fast friends through their avid interest in psychology. Alfred Adler, a medical doctor with a deep interest in psychology and human nature, met Freud in their native Vienna in 1900 at a medical conference where Freud presented his new theories about dreams and the unconscious. Freud met Jung and after a mega- meeting of thirteen hours of discussion, became cohorts in spreading the wonder of psychoanalysis (Bridle & Edlestein, 2000, Spring/Summer). Alfred Adler and Carl Jung liked Freud’s definitions of id, ego, and superego, but had no interest in the sexual...
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...Robison 9 October 2012 Short Paper A Slow, Warm Death: An Analysis of My Dreams Sigmund Freud’s lifelong research of dreams is in many ways the most distinctive and remarkable element in his massive survey of the human psyche. It is the subject of his most important work, The Interpretation of Dreams, which, besides being what it's title already indicates, also serves as a work of confession. Freud committed to it's pages many of the findings of his own dream analysis. Throughout his legendary career, Freud continued to feel an irreplaceable bond to dream interpretation, both for the exactness of it's unique findings and for the precious evidence it provided for the deeper workings of the human mind. Neil Gaiman has said the following in response to the mystifying nature of dreaming: “People think dreams aren't real just because they aren't made of matter, of particles. Dreams are real. But they are made of viewpoints, of images, of memories and puns and lost hopes.” In this essay, I will emulate the role of Sigmund Freud and attempt to psychoanalyze my own dreams. An eerie sense of doom seems to pervade the majority of my dreams--typically, some form of tragedy or misfortune either befalls me or my loved ones. In "Doctor Whooves", for example, I am heading to my kitchen for a late night snack, only to be pursued and attacked by a half-horse, half-human Doctor Who. I do not actually follow this show, but this dream seems to reflect the drastic influence of my friends upon...
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