...I chose to investigate sexual education because it is a policy area that hits close to home. Sexual Education is an issue with many facets, but it falls under the larger umbrella of reproductive freedom. Many people would consider themselves either pro-life or pro-choice, but there is also a middle section that is less defined. This section is present because of cases like rape, health difficulties, or future health of the baby. With education, it is less black and white in the eyes of the general populace. Further, sides are frequently taken due to religious beliefs. Education is typically a more local issue, but it has a large impact on the rate of pregnant teens, which ultimately funnels into the debate over abortion. More specifically, the federal government has to take action on both abortion and sexual education because of their inter-connectedness. With that said, the focus of my policy is primarily the need for comprehensive sexual education. I work for the American Civil Liberties Union, and within this I am a part of TACL. The point of this group is to focus on civil liberties for students. With the passage of the abstinence only bill in Tennessee, I feel as though my liberties have been taken. I believe that you cannot stop students from doing what is natural by not teaching them about it or teaching them about protection. Studies show that in states with abstinence only education laws, the pregnancy rate is much higher. I want to focus my research on...
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...COMMUNICATION The Adolescent Food Habits Checklist: reliability and validity of a measure of healthy eating behaviour in adolescents F Johnson1, J Wardle1* and J Griffith1 1 ICRF Health Behaviour Unit, University College London, UK Objective: Amid concerns about the quality of young people’s diets, this paper describes the development of a measure of healthy eating behaviour for use with adolescents. Design: Items for the measure were selected from a larger pool on the basis of responses from a pilot study. The 23-item checklist was validated using measures of dietary fat and fibre intake, fruit and vegetable consumption, dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge and a measure of family income. Setting: Participants came from seven secondary schools in the north-west of England. Subjects: A total of 1822 adolescents aged between 13 and 16 y took part in the study, representing 84% of those invited to participate. Results: Correlations between measures indicate a good level of convergent validity, and the checklist is also shown to have high internal and test – retest reliability. Conclusions: The focus on choices available to adolescents means that the checklist will provide a useful addition to food frequency-type approaches to the measurement of adolescent eating behaviour. Sponsorship: This research was funded by the Medical Research Council and the Economic and Social Research Council’s Health Variations Programme. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, 644 – 649. doi:10...
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...SEX EDUCATION Human sexuality has biological, emotional/physical and spiritual aspects. The biological aspect of sexuality refers to the reproductive mechanism as well as the basic biological drive, Libido that exists in all species, which is hormonally controlled. The emotional or physical aspect of sexuality refers to the bond that exists between individuals, and is expressed through profound feelings or physical manifestations of emotions of love, trust, and caring. There is also a spiritual aspect of sexuality of an individual or as a connection with others. Experience has shown that adolescents are curious about some or all the aspects of their sexuality as well as the nature of sexuality in general, and that many will wish to experience their sexuality. What is sex education? It is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, reproductive health, emotional relations, reproductive rights and responsibilities, abstinence, birth control, and other aspects of human sexual behavior. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers, formal school programs, and public health campaigns. Sex education ('sex ed'), which is sometimes called sexuality education or sex and relationships education, is the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. Sex education is also about developing young people's skills so that...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Learning to talk is one of the most visible and important achievements of early childhood. All things being normal, in a matter of months, and without explicit teaching, toddlers move from hesitant single words to fluent sentences and from a small vocabulary to one that is growing by six new words a day. Language development is a complex subject with varying views.This debate reflects fundamentally different beliefs about human development and is not likely to be resolved. There is however considerable agreement that the course of language development reflects the interplay of factors in at least five domains.Educators and policy-makers have often ignored schoolchildren, whose language seems to be lagging behind development in other areas, arguing that such children are “just a bit late” in talking. However language development is a vital issue which has implications on the performance of a child at school. Because of this, this essay analyses factors that affect language development. 2.0 DEFINITION OF TERMS 2.1 LANGUAGE Skinner, who was a behaviourist, defined language as the observed and produced speech that occurs in the interaction of speaker and listener. 2.2LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT According to the internet site, www.healthofchildren.com/L/Language-Development, Language development is the process by which children come to understand and communicate language during early childhood. 3. 0 3.1 EXPOSURE TO THE SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT Owens R. (2001), quoted Beistein...
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...As the theorist Michel Foucault examines history to explore the layers of structure of power, I find the history of wedding tradition to be fascinating. “He uses history to dispel the sort of routine, instituted self-assurance people have about reality of such entities as the mental disorders they fear they may be suffering from, or the inner sexual needs they believe they have to release. Foucault has examined various kinds of systems of thought through which people have come to identify themselves as subjects.”(Rajchman) And then another good quote about Michel Foucault is “For more than a decade, his elegant shaved skull had been an emblem of political courage-a cynosure of resistance to institutions that would smother the free spirit and stifle the right to be different.” (Miller 13) I will be exploring how the present days views are reinforced; the dominant message of how a wedding should be and then how in some movies, the post-feminism is displayed which slightly alters this dominant image. I will be also exploring the mix of cultural traditions within the wedding to see how the structure is similar or drastically different. I will discuss Marx’s Materialism ideology aspect of the domination of the ruling class and explore the aspect of the base and superstructure with the mode of production/the system of economic relations within the institutions surrounding wedding ideology. Through close textual analysis, I will show the dominant ideology of the wedding industry...
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...Government vs. Video Games Michael Winchester Governments are strongly against kids playing video games and the government is wrong. The government thinks if kids are play video games that have graphic violence, sex, violent scenes, gory scenes, partial nudity, full nudity, portrayal of criminal behavior they will become criminals. There is a wide assortment of games out there and not all of them are bad. The games that those people think are bad are rated for adults only, not for kids and it’s the parents fault for letting kids play them. Video games are for fun, they’re not a reference for how to be a violent person. Parents should be monitoring their kids more often. I am a very firm believer in the thought that video games are meant to be for fun and do not affect how violent a person may become. The Government looks at video games completely the wrong way. One of their thoughts is that when someone plays to many video games it can make them violent and can make them into criminals. Looking at the classic game of "Cops and Robbers" and "Cowboys and Indians": children pretend to rob banks and shoot cops dead; toy guns or imaginary weapons are aimed at opponents; losers are supposed to "play dead." Fast-forward to the present and the debate over video game regulation. (Thierer, 2003) The recently introduced bill H.R. 669 by Rep. Joe Baca (D-CA), "The Protect Children from Video Game Sex and Violence Act of 2003." This bill would impose fines on anyone who sells or rents...
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...* * Child Molestation and Homosexuality Ann Landers used to proclaim that the statement “Homosexuals are more inclined to molest children sexually than heterosexuals” is false.1 The American Psychological Association sponsored a work asserting: “Recognized researchers in the field on child abuse,… almost unanimously concur that homosexual people are actually less likely to approach children sexually.”2 Why is it, then, that we read about sex between boys and men in every newspaper? Does it merely reflect sensationalist journalism? We know that heterosexual molestation also occurs. But since there are so many more heterosexuals than homosexuals, which kind of child molestation — homosexual or heterosexual — is proportionately more common? The Scientific Evidence Three kinds of scientific evidence point to the proportion of homosexual molestation: 1) survey reports of molestation in the general population, 2) surveys of those caught and convicted of molestation, and 3) what homosexuals themselves have reported. These three lines of evidence suggest that the 1%-to-3% of adults who practice homosexuality3account for between a fifth and a third of all child molestation. Reports of Molestation by the General Population In 1983, a probability survey of the sexual experiences of 4,340 adults in five U.S. cities found that about 3% of men and 7% of women reported sexual involvement with a man before the age of 13 (i.e., 30% was homosexual).4 In 1983-84, a random survey...
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...Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1(3): 94-96, 2009 ISSN: 2040-8773 © Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2009 Submitted Date: August 14, 2009 Acceptance Date: September 02, 2009 Published Date: November 25, 2009 Corresponding Author: A. Abubakar, Department of Human Physiology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 94 Relation of Body Mass Index with Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Healthy Female of Lower Socioeconomic Group, in Kaduna Northern Nigeria 1A. Abubakar, 1M.A. M abruok, 2A.B. Gerie, 3A.A. Dikko, 4S. Aliyu, 1T. Yusuf, 3R.A. Magaji, 1M.A. Kabir and 1U.W. Adama 1Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Nigeria 3Department of Human Physiology, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 4Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria Abstracts: In Nigeria 30 million people suffer from this hypertension which is the main risk factor for stroke, and renal failure. Elevated levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C are documented as risk factors for atherogenesis. LDL-C in its oxidized or acetylated form has been identified as a major atherogenic particle. Fifty two women between 19-32 years of age attending Primary Health Care center (PH C) in Kaduna and its environment were use in this study. Their height, weight and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were recorded. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated by using their...
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...* Getting Ready Signs of Labor: happens 2-3 weeks prior to true labor ~ lightening (engagement): baby drops down and presses on bladder ~nesting: mom has sudden burst of energy ~Braxton Hicks contractions ~cervical ripening (softening and dilating) ~bloody show * Effacement: the thinning of the cervix; measured from 0-100% * Dilatation: the opening of the cervix; measured from 0-10 cm * Stages of Labor: ~1st Stage -Early/Latent: -0-3 cm dilatation -contractions 5-30 min apart -lasting 30-45 seconds -mild to moderate intensity -lasting 6-8 hours -Active: -4-7 cm dilatation -contractions 3-5 min apart -lasting 40-70 seconds -mild to strong intensity -lasting 3-6 hours -inwardly directed, focused, serious -Transition: -8-10 cm dilatation -contractions 2-3 min apart -strong intensity -lasting 45-90 seconds -lasting about 20-30 min -severe pain, N/V, irritable ~2nd Stage: Pushing -from complete dilatation until the birth of the baby -Early/Latent: -contractions are weak; no urge to push yet -Active: -strong contractions resume; urge to push comes (Ferguson reflex) ~3rd Stage: Placenta -from the delivery of the baby to the delivery of the placenta -usually occurs within 10 min -uterus changes shape; globular right before it detaches; sudden gush of blood; cord lengthens ~4th Stage: Post partum Recovery -1st hour after birth -Post partum...
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...Date:_______________________! Approved:! ! ___________________________! Martha!Putallaz,!Supervisor! ! ___________________________! James!Moody! ! ___________________________! Philip!Costanzo! ! ___________________________! John!Curry! ! ! ! Dissertation!submitted!in!partial!fulfillment!of! the!requirements!for!the!degree!of!Doctor! of!Philosophy!in!the!Department!of! Psychology!and!Neuroscience!in!the!Graduate!School! of!Duke!University! ! 2014! ! ! ! ! ABSTRACT! Jealousy!in!Close!Relationships!Among!Emerging!Adults! by! Katrina!Poetzl!Blomquist! Department!of!Psychology!and!Neuroscience! Duke!University! ! Date:_______________________! Approved:! ! ___________________________! Martha!Putallaz,!Supervisor! ! ___________________________! James!Moody! ! ___________________________! Philip!Costanzo! ! ___________________________! John!Curry! ! An!abstract!of!a!dissertation!submitted!in!partial! fulfillment!of!the!requirements!for!the!degree! of!Doctor!of!Philosophy!in!the!Department!of! Psychology!and!Neuroscience!in!the!Graduate!School!of! Duke!University! ! 2014! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Copyright!by! Katrina!Poetzl!Blomquist! 2014! ! ! ! Abstract Using a mix of quantitative and qualitative measures, the current study examines how jealousy is experienced and expressed in close peer relationships during emerging adulthood....
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...Literature Related to Academic Achievement Kolwadkar (1980) conducted a study of gifted children in relation to their personality traits, level of adjustment and academic achievement and found that socioeconomic status, father’s occupation, education of parents, size of family, ordinal position, health status were significantly related to academic achievement; adjustment was positively correlated with academic achievement in case of boys. Gupta (1987) studied relationship between locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration and academic achievement of secondary school students with the objective to assess the magnitude and direction of relationship of locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration with academic achievement by taking a sample of 670 students of average intelligence drawn from a population of 3780 students of class XI of Hindi medium school of Allahabad city and found that locus of control, anxiety, level of aspiration was correlated negatively with academic achievement; socio economic status had significant positive correlation with academic achievement; boys were high achievers, more internally...
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...something inherently evil about them that emerge as they age, or are they born that way? Do they become that way because of their upbringing? Most Psychologists feel that it is a combination of all these things that determine the psychosis exhibited by serial killers. (www.psychology.org/links) Psychologists have looked into the darkest recesses of human behavior, to try to figure out how and why people commit such gruesome and brutal atrocities against their fellow human beings. One of the best cases of documented psychopathic behavior is that of Theodore R. Bundy. On November 24, 1946 Theodore Robert Cowell (aka Ted Bundy) was born. His mother was a single young woman who decided the best course of action was to move back home to have her parents help her raise her son; as in the 40’s it was not acceptable for a young single woman to have a child out of wedlock. Until the age of four, Ted believed that his mother was his older sister, and grandparents were his mother and father. (Rule, A: The Stranger Beside Me) The signs that something was dreadfully wrong with Ted began to show themselves very early in his childhood. When Ted was barely three years old, one of his Aunt’s stayed the night with the family. The Aunt woke up in the early morning hours to find her young nephew Ted, lifting her blankets up and slipping large butcher knives into the mattress she was sleeping on. What was even more troublesome was the fact that little Ted was standing there watching her and grinning...
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...Poverty Line UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNESASD United Nations Economic and Social Affairs Statistic Department UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlement Programme USA United States of America Zimstat Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency 3 Abstract The study focused on identifying, measuring and assessing the nature and extent of impacts of urban absolute poverty on young women in Epworth. This was made possible through documenting the meaning of poverty. To achieve its objectives, the study used interviews and questionnaires as research instruments in relation to the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative research methods respectively in this research. The Structural School of Thought and the Capability Approach were triangulated...
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...The year is 1959, a pivotal moment in American cultural history, when rock and roll was giving birth to the Sexual Revolution and everything in America culture was about to be turned upside down. Record companies were releasing more than a hundred singles every week and the country was about to explode. Grease, generally considered a trivial little musical about The Fabulous Fifties, is really the story of America’s tumultuous crossing over from the 50s to the 60s, throwing over repression and tradition for freedom and adventure (and a generous helping of cultural chaos), a time when the styles and culture of the disengaged and disenfranchised became overpowering symbols of teenage power and autonomy. Originally a rowdy, dangerous, over-sexed, and insightful piece of alternative theatre, Grease was inspired by the rule-busting success of Hair and shows like it, rejecting the trappings of other Broadway musicals for a more authentic, more visceral, more radical theatre experience that revealed great cultural truths about America. An experience largely forgotten by most productions of the show today. Like Hair before it and The Rocky Horror Show which would come a year later, Grease is a show about repression versus freedom in American sexuality, about the clumsy, tentative, but clearly emerging sexual freedom of the late 1950s, seen through the lens of the middle of the Sexual Revolution in the 1970s. It’s about the near carnal passion 1950s teenagers felt for their rock...
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...Oracle: The Research Journal of the Association of Fraternity/Sorority Advisors Vol. 4, Iss. 2, September 2009 THE EFFECTS OF FRATERNITY/SORORITY MEMBERSHIP ON COLLEGE EXPERIENCES AND OUTCOMES: A PORTRAIT OF COMPLEXITY Ashley M. Asel, Tricia A. Seifert, and Ernest T. Pascarella This study estimated the effects of fraternity/sorority membership on a wide range of college experiences and outcomes for first-year and senior college students at a large, public, Midwestern university. The findings suggest a complex portrait of the relationships between affiliation, engagement, and learning outcomes. Fraternity/sorority membership appeared to facilitate social involvement during college but may have limited the diversity of relationships. It was associated with higher levels of community service, but also increased the odds of excessive alcohol use. In the presence of controls for important, confounding influences, being a fraternity/sorority member had little consistent influence on grades or perceived impact of college. There was little support for gender differences in the impact of affiliation. Finally, implications for student affairs professionals in their work with undergraduate fraternity/sorority leaders and members were considered. Most institutions of higher education hold student learning and success as parts of their primary missions (Kuh, Kinzie, Schuh, Whitt, & Associates, 2005; Kuh, Schuh, Whitt, & Associates, 1991). Faculty members, staff members, and administrators...
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