...Brazil was colonized by the Portuguese and later by other countries around the globe in search of power. During the 16th century, it went through the process of colonization, on April 1500 by a Portuguese diplomat on their way to India for goods. Brazil first colonizers were the Native Indians in the country, at first the Indians and Portuguese worked together during harvest but later on the Portuguese decided to enslave them. Since the enslavement of Indians did not work out they turned to the African slave trade for their workforce. For the next two centuries after the discovery of Brazil, it had to deal periodically with foreign powers on the hunt for Brazil’s resources. Such countries as England, France, and Spain sought out to fight the...
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...The Colonial Brazil is called historical period ranging from the arrival of the first Europeans in 1500, until independence in 1822. In this period, Brazil was under the political domination of Portugal. The Portuguese colonization of America began motivated by economic and strategic reasons. On the one hand because of the economic decline of profits in the trade with the East and the commercial possibilities Brazil tree, the bark of which produced a red dye used for dyeing textiles. And among the strategic reasons, the main one was fighting Spanish or French ambitions in this area. Eventually, France and Holland won some strategic regions such as the island of Sao Luis, the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Recife, and part of the states of Pernambuco , Paraíba and Alagoas. In 1530, the Portuguese crown expelled the French who surrounded the coast of Brazil , as were lands belonging to Portugal since 1500. In 1533, King of Portugal, Joao III divided the territory of Brazil in 13 stripes or captaincies , 150 miles wide each, what influenced the privacy of Portuguese colonization . These captaincies were distributed or granted to Portuguese nobles hereditary for life... The nobles who received them committed to evangelize the natives, settlers recruit and develop economically the captaincy. The territory to be established in Brazil was deeply marked by slavery in the era of European colonization. The boundaries between Spain and Portugal were established in 1492 shortly after Spain...
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...The English colonies promoted liberties and rights as well as slavery and racism. During the revolution, a Constitution was written that contradicted promises of liberties and rights preventing slavery until the Civil War. During the seventeenth century in North America, at the same time that slavery and racism were being engraved in society for Africans, colonies were creating charters to promote and protect the rights of Englishmen. These rights included life, liberty, and property, which were very important to Englishmen as they were denied these basic rights in the Magna Carta. The Magna Carta provided certain important rights such as the ones mentioned before only to nobles. This contradiction saw to the U.S. adopting a Constitution that protected institutionalized slavery. Slaves wanted to know where they fit into all these protections. This essay aims to highlight the protection of rights for Englishmen at a time when African slaves were being denied those same rights. The Portuguese were the first people to go along the coast of Africa from Europe where they encountered more people of darker skin. However, these were Muslims who were literate and numerate. The English on the other hand were horrified when they saw the color black. To them, the ideal woman had blonde hair, blue eyes and fair skin, hence pure and good. To be black on the other hand meant to be evil, vile, disgusting and satanic. Winthrop Jordan, the author of the book “White Over Black”, introduced...
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...late 1800’s slavery remained an important social institution especially in the creation of the Americas. Despite the fact Brazil, the West Indies, and the Southern Colonies are different regions of the Americas, the institutions of slavery within these areas were fairly similar. All three regions shared similar racial ideologies, used slave labor to construct their economies, and experienced resistance. Aside from these similarities the regions of Brazil, the West Indies, and the Southern Colonies exhibited differences, specifically in the way they justified the use of slaves, how they organized slave labor, and in what ways slaves resisted. To begin, nations present in the West Indies, Brazil, and the Southern Colonies each had specific racial ideologies. In each region the use of African slaves stemmed directly from a need for labor. Likewise, each region varies in its justification of its use of slaves. The Portuguese justified their use of slaves in Brazil as a direct result of the necessity of labor. On the other hand, the French in Haiti felt racially superior to Africans using that as their justification. The French were so absorbed with one’s racial background they tracked heritage...
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...While many nations have undertaken measures to overcome racial disparity, others have encouraged racial democracy. Brazil, a modern and industrialized nation, suffers from racial discrimination based on their position in the world economy and built on the ideology of the past. History Brazil’s history is rife with racism and slavery, dating back to its discovery by Pedro Alveres Cabral in 1500. Brazil was originally settled with the intention of harvesting Brazilwood. However, over time the profits from that were supplanted by sugar, which soon became the major export (Phillips 117). Over a short period of time, Brazil became the leading producer of sugar in the Atlantic world. The production of all these exports meant cheap labor was needed. During this time, the Portuguese were sending between 4,000 and 5,000 slaves per year to Brazil from Angola and West Africa; by the 18th century, one million slaves had been imported (117). The continually shifting landscape meant that Brazil’s exports continued to shift. By the time the 19th century came around, Brazil’s major export was coffee as sugar production had shifted to the Caribbean Islands. The continued influx of European slaves and citizens resulted in an uneven population. European labor was generally more skilled and slowly began to overtake slave labor. Around this same time, the abolition of slavery happened in 1888, resulting in a decline in the slave population. By 1888, it was estimated that only a half-million...
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...the New World, over one-third landed in Brazil and between 60 and 70 percent ended up in Brazil or the sugar colonies of the Caribbean. Only 6 percent arrived in what is now the United States. Yet by 1860, approximately two thirds of all New World slaves lived in the American South. For a long time it was widely assumed that southern slavery was harsher and crueler than slavery in Latin America, where the Catholic church insisted that slaves had a right to marry, to seek relief from a cruel master, and to purchase their freedom. Spanish and Portuguese colonists were thought to be less tainted by racial prejudice than North Americans and Latin American slavery was believed to be less subject to the pressures of a competitive capitalist economy. In practice, neither the Church nor the courts offered much protection to Latin American slaves. Access to freedom was greater in Latin America, but in many cases masters freed sick, elderly, crippled, or simply unneeded slaves in order to relieve themselves of financial responsibilities. Death rates among slaves in the Caribbean were one-third higher than in the South, and suicide appears to have been much more common. Unlike slaves in the South, West Indian slaves were expected to produce their own food in their “free time,” and care for the elderly and the infirm. The largest difference between slavery in the South and in Latin America was demographic. The slave population in Brazil and the West Indies had a lower proportion...
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...complexity that has characterized that of Brazilian history. The portrayal of Brazil as a harmonious melting pot of different races and cultures dates back at least to independence. Faced with a vast black slave population as well as a large range of Indian communities scattered the length and breadth of the nation, early Brazilian intellectuals and statesmen found themselves obliged to defend the indigenous element in national culture, and assert a national identity based upon racial mixing. Moreover, despite a long history of slavery, it also has no history of legal segregation, as in countries such as the United States and South Africa. However, in the Brazil of today the doctrine of racial democracy has long outgrown its use, and now constitutes the principal obstacle to greater racial equality. The perception that Brazil is an example...
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...the forced displacement of millions of innocent people. The term first originated in the 1950s and initial studies focused on the “dispersal of people of African descent, their role in the transformation and creation of new cultures, institutions, and ideas outside of Africa”. This cultural migration is responsible for many of the unique cultures that exist today, as is with the black Atlantic and the melding of cultures. A look at the waves of migration, both forced and willing, provides a framework to study the social, economic and humanitarian fallout of the African Diaspora. Those who study the African Diaspora seek information that explains and places into context the globalized experience for blacks. This history is riddled with slavery, colonialism, exploitation and a system of global commerce that has impacted life for those of African descent. The impact of the African Diaspora is a study of cause and effect that shows the best and worst aspects of the human condition. A study of the African Diaspora navigates the building blocks of racist ideology that has resulted in “dominant ideas about African American and African diasporic cultures that either depict them as inferior”. The historic persecution and displacement of African peoples has had a profound impact on both domestic...
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... Slavery had been a part of civilization since villages, and small communities began to form. The topic of slavery is an important part of our heritage, knowing how it began and what humanity has done to control it. It is interesting to see how Christianity can change the heart of one person, who can affect the change in a country. One small adjustment, thousands of miles abroad, can affect any civilization and history of many countries. During the 19th century many countries developed laws to gradually or immediately shift civilization away from slavery. This paper explores the religious influences motivating this shift in the legal system as well as the consequences of these laws on work civilization. Slavery was found worldwide and came in many different forms. The most common was the Slave, treated as chattels and wild animals, having no rights and endured harsh physical abuse. The Slave was known more and referred to as the ‘Western Slave’ more commonly found in America. Serfdom, a Russian repression, was a different form of slavery. Serfs were not a legal person, had no property rights, no right to credit transactions and not protected by custom. However, a serf had his own land and property, unlike in slavery. Serfdom was found in China, Japan, India and elsewhere. Muslim Slaves were another form of slavery who was not totally chattel nor altogether human. The owner of the slave maintained unrestricted legal rights to their slave. Muslim slavery was...
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...self-government and independence. The country I am going to report about is Brazil; they had a lot of nationalism and independence under the rule of Dom Pedro I and his son Dom Pedro II. John VI was the father of Dom Pedro I and ruler of Portugal during the early 1800’s. “In 1808 the Portuguese...
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...Short Writing Assignment Is Brazil a Multiracial Democracy? There are so many comparisons between Brazil and the United States of America. Both Brazil and the United States of America are the largest multiracial societies in the Americas, as well they both share a history of slavery, and plantation slavery at that, and finally both societies have confronted the legacy of slavery in the form of deeply entrenched racial inequality(Racial Inequality in Brazil and the United States, page 229). With all these similarities you would imagine that they both would be making strides toward a more equal society. It is safe to safe that the United States of America is at a state of more equality than any time in the history of this country, but where does that put Brazil? Are they making the same strides as the United States of America? Brazil is most definitely a Multiracial population, which would lead you to believe that it is a multiracial democracy, but that assumption would be far from the truth based on all the research that I have done and based on the articles that I have read. In the year 1991 51.6% of Brazil’s population was white, while 42.6% of the population was brown, and 4%was black (Demographic Censuses). When you look at that compared to the United States of America in 1980 when 83% of the population was white, while only 11.7% of the population was black and 5% of the population had some other orientation (1980 Census of Population). When you look at Trivett 2 ...
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...Anthropology 210 October 2013 Writing Assignment 1, Question 1 Both the countries of Brazil and Jamaica have similar histories when it comes to black slaves. In the fifteenth century sugar plantations were booming in Brazil and wealth was being accumulated very quickly (McMurray, n.d.). The Brazilians could not rely on the Indians who once inhabited the country for labor, because new diseases were introduced to the Indians so many of them died off. Because of this, Brazilians began importing slaves to Portugal as early as 1433, and throughout the next three centuries over three and a half million slaves were brought to Brazil (McMurray, n.d.). Jamaica had a similar experience. After piracy became a common and almost accepted experience in the seventeenth century, the stolen loot was actually able to fund the development of plantations in Jamaica. The island’s elite imported hundreds of thousands of West and Central African slaves over the next three centuries to work as laborers on the sugar plantations (McMurray, n.d.). Not only do the two countries have a similar history, but also they have a lot in common in their culture and music. Brazilian music has a lot of influence from the African culture and has several origins that relate back to Africa, and a common theme in Brazilian music is resistance. One of the forms of music, Candomblé, was used as a form of resistance, because it aimed to keep Africa and African gods alive in the minds of the Africans that were...
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...BRAZIL By:jenna and avery The country that we are researching is Brazil. The continent Brazil is located in South America it is under Mexico. The main language is Portuguese, there is also a little bit of English. Hello in portuguese is ola’. The capital of our country is called Brasilia. That is some things about our country. Our country was founded on September 7, 1822 that’s when it was named Brazil. The soccer player Neymar was born in Brazil. The first monarch was Maria the first, as a queen. The last monarch was Pedro the second as the emperor. Major events are 1888, slavery was abolished.There was no more slavery in Brazil after that day. The people of Brazil were free. 1917, Brazil declared war on Germany.The...
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...they could make some gains or profits from Africa itself. Due to this new idea, the Portuguese constructed forts on both the western and eastern coasts of Africa. One of the economic interests of the Portuguese after they had settled on the coasts of Africa was to dominate and control the trade in gold, which was an important natural resource in Africa. Later in the seventeenth century, the Dutch took control of a number of the Portuguese forts as well as much of the Portuguese trade across the Indian Ocean. The Origins of the Slave Trade Slavery was being practised in the world long before the colonisation of Africa by Europe. You would recall that in our study of the First Civilisations, we came across slaves. Before the Europeans came to Africa in the fifteenth century, most of the slaves that existed were prisoners of war, who mainly served as domestic servants or wageless workers for the local ruler. In the fifteenth century, however, slavery continued at a rather steady, regular and common level. African slaves were found working or being in the Middle East as domestic servants, while others were used in Europe as household helps or agricultural workers. The Portuguese, at the beginning, took...
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...Immigrants went -----> US and Canada. - South.A received immigrants –----> Argentina, Brazil - Argentina –---> Spain and Italy (6.5M) - Brazil (4.5) –-----> Portugal, Italy and Germany Paragraph 3 *factor influenced on Immigrant making decisions to leave. - Sociology and economists factors –--say--> (Push & Pull) - Push and Pull factors - Economic hardship Paragraph 4 *The Old World (OW) ------> push factor were involved. - In 19th century all type of workers affected - Industrial transition - Farm workers unemployed - The potato harvest caused starvation and deaths. - Decrease of wages, a few money to live. Paragraph 5 *The New World (NW) ------> pull factors. - Lands inexpensive. - Large and growing demand for non-farm labor. - Recruitment from Europe –--> America - Less time traveling - Political stability. - Immigration wave that peak between 1990 and World War I Paragraph 6 *There is the circumstances that led a develop a strong demand for labor in The NW. - Demand for labor was for ambitious jobs. - Development of the system of contract labor. - Low wages and interest. - Poor economy in Asia. Paragraph 7 * The development of slavery in America. - Workers were brought against their will - The slave trade before the age of immigration - Abolition of slavery in South America was late - Slavery in South...
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