...SME financing peaked to nearly Rs. 400 billion in 2008 to Rs. 319 billion in June 2010. The number of SME borrowers has come down significantly to 197,808 constituting only about 5.2% of the total number of the borrowers of the banking industry. Credit gap of Rs. 25 billion is causing various SME closures. Cumbersome procedure and delays: Even after providing collateral the loan approval takes well over 6 months. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA most of the SMEs are denied credit by rejecting their movable/immovable properties other than land as collateral. As small business owners in Pakistan are not well educated, they’re unable to meet the stringent standards of banks. Either SMEs don’t apply for bank loans at all, or if they do (10.7%) they’re more likely to be rejected (75%) as compared to large businesses due to absence of established structures. The cost of credit financing: For SMEs access to risk-sharing credit is also difficult because of high costs. The interest rate spread of banks increased from 3% during 1990’s to 8% by the turn of the new millennium. According to a study conducted by ADB, lease financing represents up to 25% of total fixed investment. The cost of funds for leasing companies averaged approximately 18% per annum which is much higher than for banking sector. The report issued by ADB also identifies the difficulties in obtaining export finance as banks require export letters of credit. SMEs being mostly indirect exporters can’t...
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...Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh [pic] [pic] TERM PAPER ON Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh Submitted By: ID- Program- BBA Premier University, Chittagong Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Business Administration. Submitted To: Ms. Nilufar Sultana Lecturer, Dept. of Finance & Banking, Faculty of Business Studies, Premier University, Chittagong. DATE OF SUBMISSION: /09/2012 Letter of Transmittal Date: To Ms. Nilufar Sultana Faculty of Business Studies Premier University, Chittagong Sub: Letter of Transmitter on Term Paper Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to submit my term paper report on “Institutional financing of SME in Bangladesh” which I was assigned. It was a great opportunity for me to acquire knowledge and experience in respect of the functions, procedures and operational activity, other than my topic of study. I have concentrated my best efforts to achieve the objectives of the assignment study and hope my endeavor will serve the purpose. However, I will always be ready to provide any further clarification that you may require. Sincerely Yours, ID# Program: BBA Batch Number: 16 8th Semester Section: Major:...
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...CHAPTER - 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SMEs Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role world over in the economic development of various countries. Over a period of time, it has been proved that SMEs are dynamic, innovative and most importantly, the employer of first resort to millions of people in the country. The sector is a breeding ground for entrepreneurship. The importance of SME sector is well-recognized world over owing to its significant contribution in achieving various socio-economic objectives, such as employment generation, contribution to national output and exports, fostering new entrepreneurship and to provide depth to the industrial base of the economy. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of all economies and are a key source of economic growth, dynamism and flexibility in advanced industrialized countries, as well as in emerging and developing economies. SMEs constitute the dominant form of business organization, accounting for over 95% and up to 99% of enterprises depending on the country. They are responsible for between 60-70% net job creations in Developing countries. Small businesses are particularly important for bringing innovative products or techniques to the market. Microsoft may be a software giant today, but it started off in typical SME fashion, as a dream developed by a young student with the help of family and friends. Only when Bill Gates and his...
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...SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects SME Financing in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects Prepared for Arafat Rahman Assistant Professor Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University Prepared by Tanjila Sharmin 201301029 Md. Mourshed Uddin 201303006 Naim Ahmad 201403020 Sayeed Ishtiaque Ahmed 201403027 Md. Sazzad Hossain 201403034 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication (Section-02) WMBA Program Institute of Business Administration Jahangirnagar University December 20, 2014 Letter of authorization November 23, 2014 Course Participant BUS 501: Managerial Communication The purpose of this report is to familiarize you with the basic techniques and principles associated with writing a formal business report so that you can build and enhance this specific written communication skill. This formal report will be coordinated with a formal presentation session on the topic of the report. At a minimum, your report should include information related to the following issues: Introduction to the Industry/Sector/Area – What is the industry/sector/Area? What is the background of the industry/sector/Area in Bangladesh? Who are the major participants? You may show how the industry/sector/area is contributing to the economic development of the country. In this case, you must use industry-related data for the past three years (at least). In case of export-oriented industries...
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...scarce capital, intensive technology, foreign exchange constraints, poor management, corruption and inadequate attention to economic viability and market prospects which has resulted in poor performance of the industries in terms of output and employment (Steel & Webster, 1992). Following an economic recession in the 1980’s which resulted in the retrenchment of workers from the civil service, the rationalization of production in the private sector under the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) was launched in 1983, and the high population growth rate of 2.6% per annum, coupled with the inability of the medium and large scale enterprises to grow and expand over time to absorb the idle labour, the SMEs has become an important option and alternative source of employment. SMEs have been...
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...GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs EXPORT IMPACT FOR GOOD © International Trade Centre 2009 The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Street address: ITC, 54-56, rue de Montbrillant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland +41-22 730 0111 +41-22 733 4439 itcreg@intracen.org http://www.intracen.org Postal address: Telephone: Fax: E-mail: Internet: HOW TO ACCESS TRADE FINANCE A GUIDE FOR EXPORTING SMEs Geneva 2009 ii ABSTRACT FOR TRADE INFORMATION SERVICES 2009 F-04.03 HOW INTERNATIONAL TRADE CENTRE (ITC) How to Access Trade Finance: A guide for exporting SMEs Geneva: ITC, 2009. x, 135 p. Guide dealing with the processes involved in obtaining finance for exporting SMEs – explains the credit process of financial institutions from pre-application to loan repayment; examines the SME sector and barriers to finance, as well as the risks in lending to the SME sector as perceived by financial institutions; addresses SMEs’ internal assessment of financial needs, determining the right financing instruments, and finding the appropriate lenders and service providers; discusses how to approach and negotiate with banks; tackles cash flow and risk management issues; includes examples of real-life business plans and loan requests; includes bibliography (p. 134). Descriptors: Trade Financing, Export Financing, Export Credit, Risk Management, SMEs, Manuals. English...
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...definition of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Some define them in terms of their total revenue, while others use the number of employees as an indicator. The European Union defines a medium-sized enterprise as one with a headcount of 250, a small firm as one with a headcount of less than 50 and a microenterprise as one with a maximum of 10 employees. The National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) which is the regulatory body for SMEs in Ghana defines SMEs in terms of both fixed asset and number of employees. It defines an SME as an enterprise with turnover greater than US$200,000 and not more than US$5 million equivalent (NBSSI) The SME market constitutes the vast majority of businesses in Ghana and over the years has evolved to become the key supplier and service provider to large corporations, including multinational and transnational corporations. Principally, SME’s has contributed to: Expanding output; Providing value-added activities in the manufacturing sector; Creating employment opportunities especially in the services sector; Contributing to broadening Ghana‟s export base; Increased competition; Innovation; SMEs are important to almost all economies in the world, especially to those in developing countries. They contribute to productivity and job creation; they serve as a nursery for larger firms constituting the next step for micro enterprises (Palma and Gabriel, 2005). In addition, SMEs tend to be the primary driver for job creation...
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...International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow Vol. 2 No. 7 Scope and Strategies in Financing of SMEs by Banks Onkar Chand Rana, Asst. Professor, Sri Sai University, Palampur, H.P. Professor K. Ravi Sankar, IGNOU, New Delhi Abstract Scope and Strategies in Financing of Small and Medium Enterprises by Banks- a case study of State Bank of India at Pathankot, was conducted with a view to examine the problems of SMEs of Pathankot area, examine the scope of further financing SMEs by Banks in Pathankot area and devise requisite strategies for financing of SMEs by Banks in Pathankot area and thereby increase their SME loans portfolio which would help the banks and ultimately the country to achieve the projections as per Indian vision 2020- a document by the Planning Commission according to which the Industry share in GDP which is 26% at present is projected at 34% and the service sector share which is at present 46%, is projected at 60% by the year 2020. On the analysis of the secondary data, which was obtained from Banks Performa Reports, Annual Returns and Annual Credit Plans, it was observed that huge scope exists for the banks in Pathankot centre for intensive financing of SMEs which is observed from the data that at present CD Ratio at the centre is 58.71% (below the prescribed national average of minimum 60%) and the share of SMEs to total advances being 31.58%, which need to be increased to at least 50%. The primary study was conducted on the basis of random...
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...SME defined by SBP as an entity having less than 250 employees and Rs. 300 million revenues. SMEs account for a substantial part of the economy; there are about 3.2 million enterprises in Pakistan, of which about 3 million (93%) are SMEs. SMEs spread across the economy with varying density: see exhibit 1-A for the sector wise division of SME sector. According to a survey conducted by SMEDA, this sector contributes more than 30% to GDP and 25% to the country’s total export earnings, and employs close to 70% of the labor force in the manufacturing industry, services, and trade. Their share in manufacturing value addition is estimated to be around 35%. Small & medium businesses play a very critical role when economies are transiting from low to middle income levels yet Pakistan has paid less attention to the growth and development of this crucial pillar of economy. Our report mainly focuses on the financial constraint to growth of this sector. Capital requirements: According to SMEDA there’re 800,000 SMEs in Pakistan that are eligible for bank loans. Another 2.4 million potential businesses that can’t qualify for bank loans mainly rely on other sources of finance for their business needs. Approximately 89% of working capital and 75% of fixed investments are financed from retained earnings. (See exhibit 1-B) Remaining financing needs are fulfilled from external sources which include family and friends, bank loans and other small sources as depicted in exhibit 2-A. Despite the...
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...deliver products that are essential to the population, which rapidly grows in the world, and the adaption methods to both social and demographic changes. It will also outstanding on the technological impact to the business operations and reliability in the ensuring that they meet people’s needs. The development in technology has led to increase in the number of people in the world, leading to faster depletion of resources. This, therefore, necessitates improvement in company production and improved services so that they can be able to meet the increased requirements of the population. These companies also need to adapt to both social and demographic changes to enable them work efficiently and effectively (Wothington & Britton, 2009, 12). Growing firms invest more in Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) and are more efficient in terms of the services and products that they offer. The change in technology has enabled people to get access to services quickly and is of satisfactory quality. Improving companies’ performance helps them relate well with their customers socially and assists them to deliver the products to customers on time. This makes the customers appreciate the fact that they can be able to meet their requirements at the right time despite having requested for them a bit late. Research shows that, in the ancient times, people were not in a...
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...Family, tradition, innovation and quality: how to succeed during recession The case of an excellence in the province of Piacenza: Molino Dallagiovanna Srl Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Piacenza Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management – Professor Ghezzi Second-level degree in International Management Albertario Gianluca Di Paolo Federica Matrà Giuseppe Resmini Riccardo Rodondi Francesco Terdich Andrea March 20, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………...2 Scarcity of resources: a limit for SMEs, but not for Molino Dallagiovanna.......................5 a. Research and Development……………………………………………………....….5 b. Communication and Internationalization……………………………………………7 Expansion of product lines and customization: Premium value delivered........................10 a. The production process……………………………………………………………..10 b. A Mental Approach…………………………………………………………….......12 c. Quality Certifications and Partnerships…………………………………………….13 d. Great attention towards clients’ needs………………………………………...…...14 Family is strength....................................................................................................................15 a. The organizational chart............................................................................................15 b. Theories.....................................................................................................................19 c. Molino Dallagiovanna does not follow theories...
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...mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmCovers the history of portfolio planning at CIBA-GEIGY, a leading Swiss chemical and pharmaceutical company, beginning with the introduction of the process in the mid-1980s. The discussion extends to the application of portfolio planning techniques to a specific investment proposal: the comprehensive modernization of a plant dedicated to the production of high-quality specialty pigmeEXAMPLE: The development of SMEs in the Eastern European countries during the first years of the transition period was difficult and they had to take of work as long as it brought money into a company. The subsequent rapid growth also offered multiple opportunities and the companies made full use of them. Thus, over 70% of Bulgarian companies, for example, had a portfolio that wasn´t related to a defined business strategy and vision for long term development, and its structure reflected the market situation. However, to stay competitive, small companies in all EU countries have had to re-think and optimize their activities; they have to search for new opportunities for their development. That is why they are being forced to create or update their strategy for the future development of the business, based on the prevailing conditions. The assessment of the products and services, offered by the company, is very important when defining the vision for the future company development. It is of decisive significance for the correct portfolio building and its successful management. Part...
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...usually waited the projects to come in rather than actively strove for its business. TeamLab business model is based on previously word of mouth, which would be a limitation for its further development. Lastly, the oversimplified organizational structure is an important problem crying out for solution. In order to raise operating margin, TeamLab creates the “Catalyst” position. But actually it is still too simple to extent the company scale. 2. the trade-offs involved in different scenarios The trade-offs involved in these scenarios should be assessed in the business environment, the company strategy, market promotion plan and internal organization structure. 3. the recommendation and implementation plan According to the result of the analysis and discussion, I think TeamLab can implement three plans as followed. First, it is time for TeamLab to expand the product line and stamp “patent protection” on its inventions. Second, begin to comb the layout of the target customer and enhance the brand promotion strategy. Third, TeamLab has to redesign the company internal...
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...Abstract This paper studies the effect of managerial ownership on performance and the determinants of managerial ownership for small and medium-sized private companies. We use a panel of around 1300 firms in the German business-related service sector for the years 1997-2000. Managerial ownership up to around 80 per cent has a positive impact on firm performance (incentive effect); for higher shares the effect becomes negative (entrenchment effect). Moreover, risk-aversion of managers and signalling of f rm quality leads to a non- linear i relationship between managerial ownership and the risk exposure of a firm. The determinants of performance and ownership are estimated simultaneously. JEL Classification: G32; C23 Keywords: corporate governance, managerial ownership, firm performance, small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper was produced as part of the Centre’s Labour Markets Programme Acknowledgements We thank Bernd Fitzenberger, Steve Nickell and Marcia Schafgans for helpful discussions and Irene Bertschek, Dirk Czarnitzki, Ulrich Kaiser and Joachim Winter for useful comments. All remaining errors are our own. Elisabeth Mueller is a member of the Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. Contact: E.Mueller@lse.ac.uk. Alexandra Spitz is a member of the Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW), Research Group Information and Communication Technologies, PO Box 103443, 68034 Mannheim, Germany. Contact: spitz@zew.de Published by Centre for Economic...
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...of college. She is anticipating a large expense on books but is hoping to save some money on purchasing school supplies by looking at discount retailers instead of the college bookstore. Misty has found two companies, Company A and Company B, with some great back to school deals on school supplies. Company A is offering ten percent off each dollar spent on school supplies with no minimum purchase required. While that sounds like a great deal, Company B is offering twenty-five percent off all school supplies purchased after spending an initial one hundred dollars. While both options offer a great discount, Misty wants to determine which would save her the most money. Before moving any further, Misty must determine what her total bill for school supplies might be by identifying the items she will need to purchase and then totaling the final cost. Once that has been ascertained, she will need to calculate the possible savings on each plan to determine which one will be most cost effective. Task B In order to calculate the savings, Misty is going to let (y) represent to total cost of her school supplies after all discounts have been applied. She will use (d) to represent the discount percent she is going to receive from the company. As prices from each company are comparable, she has calculated the total cost of her school supplies to be $230.00 which will be represented as the variable (x). The following is an...
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