...SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice SOC 331 Week 3 The commutative justice https://hwguiders.com/downloads/soc-331-week-3-the-commutative-justice/ ...
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...Marijuana Debate SOC 331 Cari Lynn Beecham-Bautista September 14, 2015 State vs. Federal Marijuana Legalization Marijuana usage in the United States is a controversial subject that tests the very fiber of the U.S. Constitution. The debate centers about the argument of each states rights under the 10th Amendment of the Constitution. Although many states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational usage it is still against federal laws. The nation’s capital and eighteen states have legalized medical marijuana use and two states have legalized recreational use. Widespread acceptance in favor of legalization is rapidly spreading. This paper will discuss three different scenarios where marijuana usage in states and the federal government’s stance are in conflict, through the lens of retributive, commutative and distributive justice. The first scenario that will be analyzed is a person who lives in a state that legalized medical marijuana growth, distribution and use in small quantities. To shed some light on this scenario a real world scenario will be described and analyzed. In March of 2015 a family in Washington State went on trial after being arrested by the DEA for the growth distribution and use of marijuana. The family argued that they were using the marijuana within the confines of legalized standards for an elderly man who was cancer stricken and his wife who had arthritis (Hughes, 2015). The federal government on the other hand argued the family...
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...Homelessness in America SOC 331: Social Justice and Ethics April 6, 2015 Criminalization of Homelessness in America Every country faces homelessness in one form or another. Homelessness in America has been an ongoing problem over many decade. Homelessness is not racist or biased as anyone can find themselves without the financial means to provide adequate shelter and food. While there are many definitions for homelessness the most common is “a person who "lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence” (www.pbs.org). Those who are susceptible to homelessness consist of but not limited to children, teenagers, adult men and woman, veterans, mentally unstable and elderly people. Homelessness is not just the problem that the homeless person faces but the problem that we all as citizens of the United States face ethically, morally with the proper forms of justice. Throughout this paper we are asked to evaluate different perspective and responses in regards to the American problem of homelessness. In doing so virtue ethics, distributive, commutative and retributive justices will be used in evaluating the responses. ‘Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that evaluates the morality of the person doing a given act, rather than the act itself. Virtue ethics thus emphasizes that the various virtues and whether a person reflects those virtues in his or her actions are crucial to moral evaluation” (Mosser, 2010). The text book Social and Criminal Justice in Moral Perspective...
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...The London School of Economics and Political Science THE ROLE OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE DEMOCRATISATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE INSTITUTIONS: From ‘Soft Power’ to Collective Decision-Making? Saif Al-Islam Alqadhafi A thesis submitted to the Department of Philosophy of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September 2007 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. 2 Abstract This dissertation analyses the problem of how to create more just and democratic global governing institutions, exploring the approach of a more formal system of collective decision-making by the three main actors in global society: governments, civil society and the business sector. The thesis seeks to make a contribution by presenting for discussion an addition to the system of international governance that is morally...
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...Nurs Midwifery Stud. 2013 December; 2(4): 77-82. Published online 2013 December 9. Perceptions of Organizational Justice Among Nurses Working in University Hospitals of Shiraz: A Comparison Between General and Specialty Settings Research Article Nahid Hatam , Mozhgan Fardid , Zahra Kavosi 1,* 1,2 1 1Department of Health Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran 2Student Research Committee, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran *Corresponding author: Nahid Hatam, Department of Health Management, School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Diamond Building, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 9th alley of Ghasroddasht, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel.: +98-7112340781, Fax: +98-7112340039, E-mail: hatamn@sums.ac.ir. Received: February 9, 2013; Revised: April 26, 2013; Accepted: July 26, 2013 Background: Justice has gained much attention in social and human studies and has many consequences on employees and the organizations, especially on health system workers such as nurses who are among the key factors in health care systems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate perception of organizational justice among nurses in educational hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), and to compare the results of general and specialty hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this research, 400 nurses...
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...Brad Connor 2/5/14 SOC 350 Professor DeWitt What is Social Justice? In today’s society, people use the phrase “social justice” to form a basis of how individuals should act with one another. However, there is really no clear definition of the right “social justice”. People depending on diverse circumstances look social justice differently; for example race, economic status and gender can come into play. Michael Novak defines social justice as “the capacity to organize with others to accomplish ends that benefit the whole community. (Social Justice: Not What You Think It Is)” The definition of social justice seems to always circle around a few key words: fairness, equality, common good, merit and morals (What Is Justice?). These words form a foundation to allow society to function properly with free will and choice without totally controlling the people. As stated before, every person may have a different meaning to what social justice is and who deserves social justice, which presents issues around the world. The death penalty is a major issue that is problematic to the question of “what is social justice?” Society looks at criminals as outsiders, uncivilized and dangerous. So society decided to form the procedure of the death penalty, which sentences a person to death who has committed a capital crime. Some people find the death penalty just while others do not. Some individuals feel that the death penalty helps society. By killing the criminal you eliminate any further...
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...Introduction: In this paper, I will argue that Plato’s reply to Glaucon’s first objection, that justice is no more than a compromise is not a valid statement in the following three points. First, I will briefly explain the objection of Glaucon, that justice is no more than a compromise. Secondly, I will explain Plato’s reply to Glaucon’s first objection. Next, I will show the weaknesses on Plato’s claim based on one of the three parts of soul that he stands, desire. Thirdly, I will convince that Plato’s view of justice is indeed too narrow since his definition of justice is only limited to human beings. Finally, I will argue on Plato’s idea of rule of reason would lead to result of no more internal conflict. In this paragraph, I am going to state about Glaucon’s objection that justice is no more than a compromise and briefly explain Plato’s reply on Glaucon’s objection. The statement of “justice is no more than a compromise” comes from Glaucon’s second class of good: good that “are onerous but beneficial to us, and we wouldn’t choose them for their own sakes, but for the sake of the rewards and other things that come from them” [357C]. This illustrates the idea that people might do “just” things (according to the mainstream of that time, law, conventions) while they have outweigh the consequence of doing the “unjust” thing. Which Glaucon concludes that it is just a compromise of being just instead of its initial goal was to be just. People could act unjustly if they could...
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...There are two types of arguments within class action: one is motivated by morals the other influenced by self-interest. Example – Specifically Jed’s character is driven by the desire to achieve moral justice. His arguments are targeted at supporting those who cannot afford to buy justice. His law firm does not aim to make money; instead it aims to bring justice to the ‘underdog’. Host: First scene is there a scene that captures Jed’s character best? Apted: “Absolutely. It’s this idea of a “contingency case” Nick Holbrook spells out to Jed that “even if they win the case, they won’t see the money for years” Point 2 – Jed’s character is much more complex. Even though he argues fiercely for the victims of big business, he also does this for personal glory and fame. This shade of self-interest is apparent in the dinner scene with Maggie, where she accuses him of using clients to win cases, then abandoning them afterwards. Host: “Sounds interesting! What role does Maggie’s character play in the movie?” Apted: “Well, for the most part of the movie she provides a strong contrast to her father. Her arguments and actions are motivated by a desire to beat her father, advance her career and become a successful partner in her law firm. She is completely driven by self-interest. For example when Maggie is asked to prove her loyalty to the law firms interests her argument lacks compassion and ethics, but is still ruthless and effective achieving her aims. She accuses a victim in...
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...been a growth in number of org with equ and div pol. ... progress At the same time, however, we have continuing discrimination in the labour market (...) and a lack of equality of opportunity in employement. "this raises a question" "there is often disappointment with achievements in terms of substansive outcomes. Problems in translating equality policy into practice and delivering on outcomes are examined both in terms of difficulties in implementation and weaknesses in much of the prescription. 179 Equality and div is firmly on management agendas in a number of org 186 Encourage an organisation to adopt law = "penalty avoidance trough legal compliance sense of social justice or moral responsability key individuals in a org may be motivated by concerns for social justice In practice, altruistic considerations probably have most effective purchase when operating in combination... 191 As Humphries and Rubery note (1995: 13), "it is because the costs to firms seem immediate and palpable while the benefits are more distant and less easy to capture that individual initiatives may produce only slow and patchy changes". 192 Equality initiatives motivated by a search for organizational benefits can lead to the targeting of initiatives to reflect employer needs rather than the needs of the disadvantaged groups" about law "but limitations remain In term of risk of legal action and the penalties for discrimination the legal compliance threat has been generally...
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...Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues Simulation Summary 1. What are the issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions? The issues involved in resolving legal disputes in international transactions include but are not limited to the signing of contracts designed to protect both parties, choice of clause, which forum to use when settling a dispute and if arbitration, if used, will be binding or nonbinding. Something else to think about when resolving legal disputes in international transactions would be to gauge when the government stands in the legal proceedings and to find out if the particular countries government can overrule any decisions made by the companies. Other issues would include the political situation, dominant international laws and cultural issues that would influence the achievement or disappointment of the business venture. 2. What are some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country? Some practical considerations of taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country include looking out for the best interest of the company your represent as well as future business ventures with the company or country you are in business with. One would also have to take into consideration economic, legal, and ethical associations. The economy of the country that you are contracted with may have ulterior motives in the business arrangement...
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...Emma Grace Philosophy 1000 5 July 2012 The Four Virtues of the Republic In the Republic, Plato sets up a framework to help us establish what the four virtues are, and their relationship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato, the four virtues are wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians, auxiliaries, and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect, high-spirited, and appetitive. By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the soul, one will be able to appreciate how the virtues attribute to each one specifically. Book II of the Republic opens with Plato’s two brothers, both who want to know which is the better life to live: the just or the unjust. First, Socrates wants to know, “what justice and injustice are and what power each itself has when it’s by itself in the soul” (Cahn 130). One needs to understand what the soul is before one can talk about virtue because the relationship between the soul and virtue is excellence. This sets up the foundation that the structure of the soul and the city are similar in relation to the four virtues. In order for Socrates to accomplish this, he needs to examine the larger one first, the city, representing the ontological. Then, he is going to examine the smaller one, the soul, representing the epistemological. The establishment of each of these will display how the two mirror off one another, allowing the relationship between...
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...Case Study 2 2. What role did top management commitment play in developing the ethical work climate and organizational performance seen at Alcoa? What other ethical safeguards are mentioned in the case to support the company's effort at developing a strong ethical culture? Management role is always vital in any work climate and in that respect the role that Alcoa played cannot be ignored. From the beginning the company incorporated their values and documented what they thought was relevant regarding health and safety of their employees. Furthermore, they devised a plan for employees to follow the codes of health and safety so the company could achieve their goal of providing for stakeholders. The company considered the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act with all of the basic elements included. 4. Can Alcoa's "values in practice" be adopted by other organizations as a universal set of ethical standards leading to ethical employee behavior? Measures that Alcoa implemented were crucial to setting a standard for universal ethical codes and enhanced the ability of each employee to act in an ethical way. Furthermore, by employees complying with polices and procedures set by Alcoa, this created an environment of success for all. Elements of ethics and compliance program include: • Publishing the Guide to Business Conduct and other directional documents; • Deploying global business conduct training and communications to all employees; • Managing...
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...Mill’s utilitarian theory of justice Utilitarians tend to be among those who see no major divide between justice and morality. Utilitarians see justice as part of morality and don’t see justice to have a higher priority than any other moral concern. In particular, utilitarians think that we should promote goodness (things of value), and many think that goodness can be found in a single good; such as happiness, flourishing, well-being, or desire satisfaction. Utilitarian ideas of justice connect morality to the law, economic distribution, and politics. What economic or political principles will utilitarians say we should accept? That is not an easy question to answer and is still up in the air. We have to discover the best economic and political systems for ourselves by seeing the effects they produce (90). Utilitarians often advocate for social welfare because everyone’s well-being is of moral interest and social welfare seems like a good way to make sure everyone flourishes to a minimal extent. On the other hand utilitarians often advocate free trade because (a) free trade can help reward people for hard work and encourage people to be productive, (b) the free market allows for a great deal of freedom, (c) freedom has a tendency to lead to more prosperity, and (d) taking away freedom has a tendency to cause suffering. One conception of utilitarian justice can be found in the work Utilitarianism by John Stuart Mill (91). Mill said that justice was a subset of morality—“injustice...
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...circumstances, and it has important implications for the moral treatments of animals. Act Utilitarianism, however, encounters several objections. These include the calculation problem, meaning it is difficult to accurately predict and evaluate all possible consequences in terms of scope, intensity, duration, and probability. The moral saints problem, which places heavy moral demands upon us. Everything becomes a matter of moral importance, including our choice of clothing. The moral permissiveness objection, as it can approve any sort of action, breaking promises, assassinations, torture, etc. and finally the justice/human rights objection, as it can obligate us to violate a person’s rights or commit serious injustices. Of all these objections, the calculation problem may be easily solved, perhaps by employing rules of thumb to guide many actions. The justice/rights objection is probably the most serious as many people are concerned with the...
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...As companies conduct business internationally there are many issues it must be knowledgeable about to operate successfully. Two issues that were explored during Law/421 in week two’s simulation were how to address legal and ethical situations that arise when conducting business abroad. When resolving legal disputes in international transactions one must be aware of international and local laws. It is also important to know the customs and culture of the area where business transactions are taking place. Prior to conducting business abroad a choice of law must be established before any conflict arises. This will yield a resolution to the conflict that will be favorable for both parties. When taking legal action against a foreign business partner based in another country one should consider the laws of that country. Laws in others countries differ from those in the United States. Also when considering taking legal action on a company, one must analyze all possible cause and effects from that legal action. Taking legal action may be the company’s right to do, but it may cause negative customer relations in the area. In the simulation, CadMex’s decision to grant sublicensing agreements could be beneficial to the company yet work against the company. Sublicensing may cause the company to be liable in lawsuits due to the negligence of those sublicensed parties. When local customs and laws conflict with the customs and laws of an organization operating abroad, the laws...
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