...came to the clinic complaining from a pain in her lower right jaw. Her general health is good , she went only once to the hospital when she was 10 years old because she broke her arm . Patient does not take any medication. Patient has never smoke before and she is social drinker . The patient is very anxious regarding her visit to the dental office . As social determinants of care, Ms. Phebe mentioned that she was raised in intentional community that believe in homeopathic medicine and holistic medicine. Also, the community doctor is the one who is in charge of the health condition of the population usually follow an alternative medicine to treat his/her patients. Another effective determinant is growing in a family that does not believe in modern dentistry. According to the patient, her father is against the idea that she seeking treatment at the dental office and he prefers that she goes to the community doctor since the doctor will used natural materials to comfort her pain . Another negative experience interferes with her communication with dentists...
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...Since its origin, dental hygiene career has used research to understand the relationship between oral care, education and the health of the public. Thanks to research, dental hygienist were able to advance and become an oral health provider by presenting documentation of the social value of the service they deliver to the population in general. For many years, the information used to guide the discipline of dental hygiene was provided by studies done by other professionals such as dentists, nurses, and social workers. However, dental hygiene research started after seeing the need to conduct research from a dental hygiene conceptual point of view. Since then research findings have contribute to the expanding perspective of dental hygiene,...
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...In epidemiology, demographic data such as age, sex, race, ethnicity, social class, occupation, marital status, etc. contribute to variations in health status, health-related behavior, and use of health care services. How can a demographic factor impact health status, health-related behavior, or the use of health care services? Give a specific example. Do not use an example posted by another student. How can a demographic factor impact health status, health-related behavior, or the use of health care services? It is clear that there are many factors that can have an effect on the health of individuals and communities. There are many circumstances and environmental considerations that may play a role on whether people are healthy or not. Factors such as where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level and our relationships with friends and families can all have major impacts on our health. For example, our income and social status is a demographic factor that is intricately linked to our health. Higher income and social status results in better health. The greater the gap between the richest and the poorest people, the greater the differences in health. I have decided to use as my example tooth loss. Some key facts from the World Health Organization: Key facts * Worldwide, 60–90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults have dental cavities. * Dental cavities can be prevented by maintaining a constant low level of fluoride...
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...behavior? The main reason I choose this behavior is because I think taking care of your mouth is the upmost important thing to do as it can affect other parts of your body. I have always taken care of my teeth to avoid the dentist as much as possible and keep cavities at a bare minimum. Oral hygiene is important to keep up with because nobody wants to have rotten teeth. We all want a perfect smile without stained or cavity filled teeth so why not take care of them right the first time so never have to get false teeth. For me, oral hygiene is one of the first things I ever think of and I hope other people feel the same so they can have long lasting teeth and avoid the dangerous cancers and gum diseases. The potential epidemiology of oral hygiene can always lead to a disaster of things by simply ignoring it or putting things in a mouth that causes negative health issues. The epidemiology of oral health is influenced by age, sex, origin which is associated with oral cancer risk and established risk factors including alcohol and tobacco use, for example. Additionally, possible associations between oral cancer risk and oral hygiene, diet, nutritional status, and sexual behavior as well as the influence of genetic factors on oral cancer risk are considered (NIDCR Home). Oral health also has an effect on other persistent diseases. Because of the failure to tackle social and material determinants and incorporate oral health into general health promotion, millions suffer from...
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...How Does Cost Affect the HealthCare Delivery System? An In-Depth Look at the Health Care Delivery System and Cost. | | Princess L. Brigham | 11/23/2010 | HSA 6414: Social Dimensions and Issues in Health Care | ABSTRACT How does cost affect the health care delivery system? This research focuses on the cost of the health care delivery system and how it affects today’s society. High costs, gap-ridden coverage, and sporadic quality are the health care problems that most concern Americans. Yet most of the policy discussion is focused on the issue of coverage. Health care is expensive because of the pervasive entitlement attitude held by literally everyone in the system: patients, providers, suppliers, insurers. Government insurance (Medicare, Medicaid, veterans, Department of Defense) covers 87 million; tax breaks subsidize 176 million in employer coverage; insurers and other third-party payers take care of the bills for 85 percent of Americans. There is little awareness of the full cost or value of medical treatment on the part of consumers or providers, and little opportunity for individuals to choose their own coverage or make informed decisions with their doctors about treatment. Health care costs are far higher in the United States than in any other advanced nation, whether measured in total dollars spent, as a percentage of the economy, or on a per capita basis. And health costs here have been rising significantly faster than the overall economy or personal incomes...
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...Experience: As a public health dental hygienist, my biggest challenge is getting clients and families to value the importance of baby teeth and to access dental treatment. In response to my identified challenge, I have handed out hundreds of our programs brochures and posters, I have discussed the value of baby teeth with parents who attend our programs, I have worked at and set up displays for various health promotion events including the annual Welcome to Kindergarten, and I have designed and presented power point presentations to various groups. Reflection: One of the main consequences to my actions is we have no way of measuring behavior change. We can educate families on the importance of oral health, but our program does not have the resources or the capacity to follow up with each family to see if what we are teaching has taken effect. A second consequence is we are having trouble reaching our target population. Our programs target families’ with many adversities who...
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...COMMUNITY INTERVENTION FOR DENTAL CARIES Community Intervention for Dental Caries Avril James-Hurt MPH 607: Community Health Analysis Benedictine University Professor Uche S. Onwuta Background Rural Healthcare Disparities The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (2010) defines rural as a twofold concept: “micropolitan statistical area” of 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants and “noncore statistical area”, which is smaller than a micropolitan area. Despite 25 percent of Americans live in rural communities, they have unique healthcare concerns; “Compared with urban Americans, rural residents have higher poverty rates… tend to be in poorer health, have fewer doctors, hospitals, and other health resources, and face more difficulty getting to health services” (AHRQ, 2010, p. H-10). The AHRQ (2010) explains further, “Residents of micropolitan areas had worse access to care for 50% of access measures. Residents of noncore areas had worse access to care for about 40% of access measures” (p. H-11). Rural children suffer health the aforementioned disparities; more than 30 percent of young children in the rural southern United States are poor. Due to their developing bodies; younger children are especially vulnerable to negative health outcomes. Childhood health problems can persist into adulthood. McKenzie, Pinger, & Kotecki (2008) explain it is difficult for unhealthy children to learn. Early childhood poverty is correlated with fewer years of completed matriculation...
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...Canada, by international standards is a rich country; however, Canada has plenty of families struggling to make ends meet. It can be seen in “The Health of Canada’s Children” by Dennis Raphael, (2010) many social determinants influence health. One of the major determinants of health is living circumstances. The many different qualities of living within Canada have resulted in the health inequalities among children. This article in particular gives the reader the information needed to understand how living circumstances come about as well as how they affect health. Infant mortality rate or the number of newborns who die within their first year of life is considered to be one of the best ways to judge how healthy a population is. Low birth weight is also very important because it is affiliated with a wide range of health problems throughout a person’s lifespan. While there are many circumstances that play a role in infant mortality and low birth weight, a major component is living conditions the expected mothers are exposed to. This can be linked to the financial status of the parents. In Canada, the infant mortality rate is 60% higher and the low birth rate is 43% higher in the poorest income quintile than the richest quintile (Raphael, 2010). The effects of income on health are best portrayed by the living conditions to which children are exposed to. Income not only has a direct relationship with children’s health but various developmental outcomes as well. Income is a...
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...Oral diseases such as dental caries may result in pain, which in turn may lead to consequences on children's daily life, taking time off from school or difficulty eating 1. Quality of life has been increasingly used as a scientific concept in literature embracing a wide range of target groups and populations as a whole2. Measures of quality of life are increasingly being used to supplement clinical indicators to explore the individual’s perspectives on their health and health care and it is an important part of assessing oral health 3. These measures, which assess "the extent to which oral conditions disrupt normal social role functioning and lead to major changes in behavior", are known as socio-dental indicators or oral health-related quality of life measures (OHRQoL). These indicators were developed to assess subjective aspects of oral health 4. Adolescent oral health is influenced by many factors; good oral health is also associated with broader social and economic determinants. A variety of child oral health-related quality of life instruments have been developed in the past 20 years but child version of the Oral...
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...Assignment 2 Assignment 2 This article objectives are intended to promote awareness of health disparities and inequalities with people affected by learning disabilities. People with learning disabilities have poorer health status than their non-disabled peers. There are shocking disparities in the health status of people with learning disabilities compared to the non-disabled population. People with learning disabilities experience a higher incidences in morbidity and mortality to preventable diseases compared to the general population (Emerson & Baines, 2010). Approximately, 210,000 people in the United Kingdom have severe or profound learning disabilities. A further 1.2 million people have a moderate to mild learning disability (Health, Healthcare for All: Report of the Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities, 2008). On average, 2% of people in a general practice will have some degree of learning disability (Health, Once a Day One or More People with Learning Disabilities are likely to be in Contact with Your Primary Healthcare Team. How Can You Help Them?, 1999). Since this is a small percentage primary providers lack awareness of the health needs of people with learning disabilities. The multifaceted reasons why these disparities exist, and the role of practice nurses in improving health outcomes for people with learning disabilities will also be explored (Emerson & Baines, 2010). The learning disability...
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...Working Conditions as a Determinant of Health This summary is primarily based on papers and presentations by Andrew Jackson, Senior Economist, Canadian Labour Congress, and Michael Polanyi Assistant Professor, Saskatchewan Population Health Research and Evaluation Unit, and Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina. The presentations were prepared for The Social Determinants of Health Across the Life-Span Conference, held in Toronto in November 2002. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Health Canada. Current Situation Over the 1980s and 1990s, there has been an ongoing restructuring of the labour market and of employment relationships. The intent of these changes has been to promote productivity and competitiveness, as opposed to promoting a worker-centred agenda of “good jobs” (Lowe, 2000). In Canada, only two-thirds of the employed workforce are in “standard” salaried jobs with no defined end date (mostly provided by large firms and the public sector). In this shrinking core job market, workers who have survived layoffs, privatization and contracting-out are generally working longer and harder. Employers have tried to increase profitability and competitiveness and to contain budgets by boosting productivity. This has been accomplished largely by increasing workloads. For example, in the health sector, fewer nurses, social workers and other health professionals must now deal...
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...disseminating information and spreading the message of oral hygiene to children and their families in schools and rural centres. To this effect, Colgate conducted dental check ups in along with various activities at schools. The dental check up camps were supervised by teams of dentists and organisers who interacted with over 1 lakh people teaching them the benefits of oral hygiene. Children were targeted through “infotainment” – activities that included interactive activities like essay writing and painting competitions centred around the “Spread a Smile” theme. Colgate, a company also tied up with ITC E-Choupal and Rotary to spread the message of dental care and oral hygiene to villages across India. The campaign successfully targeted over 156 villages in Uttar Pradesh in association with Project Disha and 36 villages in Maharashtra. In addition, dental camps were also conducted in the Dussera Mela at Kota. Dental checkups and school activities have succeeded in spreading the message of 'Zero Tooth Decay' to children and adults in around 433 villages and towns, bringing a brighter, bigger smile to rural India. This grass root initiative went a long way in helping Colgate touch base with consumers in the interiors. Abstract Promotion of brands in rural markets requires the special measures. Due to the social and backward condition the personal selling efforts have a challenging role to play in this regard. The word of mouth is an important message carrier in rural areas...
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...Case Context via “5Cs” framework Company: Cottle-Taylor is an established company started in 1815. By 2009 they had a strong product portfolio of over 200 oral care, personal, care, and home care products. In 2009 nearly 50% of the company’s revenue came from emerging markets. Cottle-Taylor conducts its India operations through a subsidiary called Cottle India. The India operations are focused on oral care, which includes toothpaste, tooth powder and dental floss. Focus area for this case is the toothbrush market. Cottle is the market leader (46% market share) in toothbrush market in India. It is perceived as a trusted & quality brand because of its association with IDA (Indian Dental Association). Cottle India is adequately supported by the parent company and follows a decentralized approach for India market strategy. For new markets Cottle’s general approach is to enter market with basic models and competitive prices, and gradually shift the focus to high-margin products. In India Cottle’s most successful toothbrush brand is Complete (accounted for 67% of Cottle’s total unit sales in 2009), which is also the lowest-priced toothbrush for adults. Competitor: Hinda-Daltan & SarIndia are two distant competitors with 21% and 11% market share respectively. The remaining share of toothbrush market is composed of low-quality, low-priced products imported from China and Vietnam. Cottle has a competitive advantage in toothbrush industry due to its manufacturing excellence...
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...analyse organisational and business environment …………7 4.3 Vertical and horizontal integration ………………………………………………………………………………7 LO5: How to identify and respond to short term changes in the business data for planning purposes 5.1 HR’s role in business planning ……………………………………………………………………………………8 5.2 Environmental planning and the sources of business data for planning purposes ………8 5.3 Evaluate how agreed strategies, policies and plans are put into action within organisations … Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………9 Appendix …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10 SWOT ANALYSIS …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..11 PESTLE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….12 3.1 Southern Dental operates in a global business environment, HR as a strategic part of the business is equally affected by both external and internal forces. These forces will shape the business strategy and all the strategies of all other aligned functions of the Company. The shape of the HR Agenda will be influenced by those forces...
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...decisions for the medical care. In the United States, associations between the biopharmaceutical and healthcare industry and the medical device industries introduce an additional wellspring of advancement and development. In the United States, there are a few hundred healthcare centers which generally give the specific clinical care furthermore serve as the restorative preparing establishments for the healthcare professionals. The healthcare centers normally give the most praiseworthy treatment to the patients. The greater part of the healthcare centers have their particular medical research plans which is backed by the more than $20 billion yearly financing from the worldwide association and the National Institutes of Health. By the study, in 2010 more than $190 billion was used on the residential care facilities furthermore the nursing. The industries work under both for the profit and non-profit models. In The nation has more than 5,000 healthcare centers, of which more than 1,000 healthcare centers are spent significant time in a specific maladies or particular patients. Doctors and dental care furthermore as medical and diagnostic laboratories. The United States leads in the quantity of consumers and in the creation of medical technologies. In the 2012, the estimation of US health care market surpassed $110 billion speaking to 38 percent of the all out medical technologies industry. Determinants of Health Care Market Power There are numerous determinants which influence the healthcare...
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