...count: 3093) Social Sciences for Social Work (SWK 2012) : Examine the meaning of the concept of social exclusion and discuss how social work may respond to the reality of social exclusion. The paper will look at ‘what is social exclusion’ and demonstrate how various groups and individuals are affected by it. It will further examine ‘what is social work’, its tasks and how these address social exclusion. This paper cannot examine all aspects of social exclusion, but will use examples of where social work is relevant in dealing with the issue. This paper looks at social work practice in particular in addressing issues arising from; poverty, unemployment, social policy and social work practice in relation to the social exclusion of people with a mental illness and or learning disability and the conflicting demands for preventative work with statutory responsibilities. Ruth Levitas (2010) quoting Duffy (1995) and the Social Exclusion Unit (1997) argues that the definition of social exclusion is vague but refers to possible definitions as the 'inability to participate effectively in economic, social, political and cultural life, alienation and distance from the mainstream society'. and as 'a shorthand label for what can happen when individuals or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime environments, bad health and family breakdown'. Banks (1995) states that social work is a difficult...
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...society. These communities are excluded from these services and hence they cannot participate in social and economic life of a society. Social Exclusion is a synonym for Marginalized Community. Marginalized community mainly arise due to discernment in the person's social class, the language they speak, living standards, educational status and several other such reasons. It may also include people with certain disabilities, elderly people and LGBT community (lesbian, gay, bilateral and transgender communities). The main causes of the formation of marginalised communities (social exclusion) are the following - 1. Unemployment 2. Degradation of Living Standards 3. Poverty 4. Social Isolation 5. Gender Inequalities 6. Racial Differences All the factors leading to social exclusion are inter-related. Different components of social exclusion influence each other, which results in multiple hardships. The hardship or detriment usually begins with the loss of employment, which in turn leads to a significant degradation in living standards, which in turn leads to an increased risk of poverty. Living in poverty creates more difficulties in the search for employment and hence it creates an unending cycle. At the same time, unemployment and poverty hinder participation of the person in social activities of the society. Hence in turn ,the social ties are weakened which increases the probability of social isolation. If the period of unemployment, and so forth the poverty, is prolonged, tensions will...
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...struggling to find shelter, feed their kids and find warm clothing. This social problem has various impacts on different institutions and people. However, there are feasible solutions that are available to dissolve this social problem. In discussing poverty in the United States, I will be utilizing three major perspectives: the general condition, the emerging middle class poverty and the relationship between small businesses and strategic measures to eradicate poverty. According to Howard Glennerster in United States Poverty Studies and Poverty Measurement: The past twenty five years, poverty has been a steady condition in United States history. Not only that, but today there is even more discussion focused on the “culture and race of poverty” (Glennerster, 10). More and more aid seems to be going to minorities in which there is a high density. Moreover, the attention has also been placed on women on welfare. This segment of the population has retracted to working multiple jobs while taking care of children (Glennerster, 13). Therefore, in the mainstream sense of the term, Glennerster attributed a majority poverty related issues to minorities and single mothers. This mainstream analysis indicates the general level of poverty that is evident in most countries as well. Allan Singer, in Business Strategy and Poverty Alleviation, focused on the issue of poverty with regard to small business owners who don’t have these social problems integrated with their own interests. For instance, he...
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...Edger Alan Poe, or inspiring words from Maya Angelo, have allowed us to see some of life experiences and feeling through the writings of these inspired men and women. It is easy to see the times and trials these poets dealt with through their works, you could easily see the social, economic and cultural lifestyles they lived in. One of the historical poets I have had the opportunity of reading and learning about was Langston Hughes. His work sheds light on readers of today, on the social culture and ways of the early 1900’s to mid 1900’s. The unfortunate issue of slavery and inequality was very prevalent in the writings of Mr. Hughes. He wrote with a sense of the unfairness he was dealing with, as well as being a voice for those enduring the segregation as well. Only a few of his poems allowed us to see he had a hopeful side and would appear to write on day dream type things, like the sun and the rain. I wanted to point out on two particular poems that Hughes wrote, “Democracy” and “Let America be America Again”. In these poems many of the social indiscrepencies were obviously a huge factor in the way he felt. But as I read through these poems I could almost see a few similarities with the social issues of this present time. Although the segregation and separation was indeed more prevalent in the time of Hughes, the views he shares in these two poems are quite comparable to some of the views that society may very well have today. In let “America be America Again” Hughes...
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...being a problem throughout the nation. To help decrease the numbers of unemployed people the government has instituted programs that can assist in ensuring people have the capabilities to get into jobs. This could provide ways for people to get training and education needed to be productive. Also the government has made it beneficial for companies to move into areas that there was a need for people to gain employment. In knowing that there is an issue with unemployment the government would have to understand who would benefit from the need to implement programs or incentive to have businesses increase growth in certain areas. So we have to think about how the “high levels of poverty, the worst neighborhoods also have numerous signs of social disorder. Crime and physical blight are the most apparent, but they are accompanied by low work levels among the residents, soaring high school dropout rates, low marriage rates, and high rates of non-marital births” as stated by Haskins (2010). This can be hard at times to measure but it is achievable. In know thing problem and the target audience the government can see that just throwing money at the situation would not fix the problem. Instead they can take the time and analyze the situation and implement the correct course of actions. With the problem being identified as unemployment among people of the inner city; now that means the government would have to take the time to see how they can fix the issue with the resources they have...
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...Social Problems in Societies Kamore Eric Essaybux Social Problems in Societies In the world today, the well-being of the society is undermined by problems that arise from differences in opinions regarding cultural practices, religion, political issues and other health concerns. Social issues are therefore regarded to as inevitable and various societies around the world experience them (Mulroy and Austin, 2004). Problems such as poverty, unemployment, drug abuse, discrimination, homelessness, violence, crime and environmental degradation occur when people come together in a social setting. Here, the most troubling social problems are addressed in a sociological perspective and how they affect the society in whole. Poverty is a state of having insufficient money to buy the most necessary things in life; it is a social problem when a significant portion of a population lives below the poverty line. According to (Michael, 2006), by individual behavioral characteristics and choices, social and political forces can cause poverty. Also, dysfunctional markets and economic underdevelopment can result in poverty. People who cannot get proper means of employment may opt to engage in illegal and destructive ways such as theft or burglary. Moreover, poverty is a primary cause of hunger and malnutrition which is responsible for a broad range of health issues such as diseases and increased...
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...The Public Needs to Know Brittany Griffin Strayer University ENG 115 November 11, 2013 Professor Ogden The Public Needs to Know There is a range of 600,000 to 2.5 million people whom are homeless within the United States (FAS.org 2009). The streets that we drive on many of our fellow American consider those streets home. The economic issues, special needs and the process of trying to help our fellow citizen feed themselves is difficult due to the issue we face to help feed and shelter these individuals new drug for cancer patients make it difficult to undertake such a venture, thus eroding the benefits reaped from such a program Here in our community we face issue like poverty, homelessness, unemployment and most of all, our children being left behind. With the lack of jobs we see more and more poverty in our local community. The unemployment rate has manage to stay at a level rate however for our local area 11% is pretty high. We’ve been stagnant at this rate for the past five years. People are losing their homes and having to let their children go with others while they seek shelter for themselves. While low income housing is available you don’t qualify unless you have some type of income. Our kids are left behind at school and pushed aside due to the teacher lack of caring. Our children are either obese or underweight. Poor dieting and poor supervision is putting our kid’s future at risk. This must stop as of yesterday. It’s clear our community is in dire...
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...Social problems of Bangladesh Introduction Social problem is an unexpected situation which hinders to lead normal life in a society. Social problem is a multidimensional problem. Social problem are created by various reasons. Definition Sociologists usually consider a social problem to be an alleged situation that is incompatible with the values of a significant number of people who agree that action is needed to alter the situation. Social problems of Bangladesh and its remedies Bangladesh is attacked by various social problems. The main problems are over population, poverty, unemployment, crime, juvenile delinquency, corruption, lack of nutrition, prostitution, beggary and vagabond problem, dowry and women repression, lack of proper distribution of wealth, divorce, mental illness, mentally disability problem, lack of security, drug addition, lack of sound health, etc. we will briefly discuss these problems. 1) Population problems Overpopulation is not simply a function of the number or density o the individuals but rather the number of individuals compared to the resources (i.e. food production ) they need to survive. In other words, it is the ratio of population divided by resources. If a given environment has a population of ten, but there is food and drinking water enough for only nine, then that environment is overpopulated while if the population is 100 individuals but there are food and water enough for 900, it is not overpopulation. Remedies: To solve...
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...Poverty generally means scarcity or the state of being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount. Mostly, poverty is caused by social and economic problems which result in changes in social behavior and financial problems. Some countries suffering from poverty from the past have still not recovered as it is one of the greatest factor preventing the development of these countries. Nowadays, these countries are facing recession which is causing problems for both the governments and societies. Several causes and effects of poverty on society will be discussed in this essay. Firstly, one of the most common and main causes of poverty is due to social problems. Because of high levels of illiteracy, people are not aware of their rights; as a result, they might commit a wrong action. Therefore, they tend to lose their respect and social status to those who are educated. These people do not just suffer from poverty because they are poor, but also because they are deprived of their rights. Furthermore, they are not provided with necessities such as clean drinking water, education, health, employment and housing (Easterly, 2009). Moving on, there is an indirect relation between poverty and globalization. In addition, the rising inequality of wealth has been associated with globalization as the profits received from the trade are not always shared with the poor. In the developing and advancing world, the poor are overpowered by the powerful, which keeps them dependent; hence, this...
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...Introduction: In his article, “5 Myths about hunger in America,” Robert Egger (2010) links hunger to obesity, malnourishment, economic and national security, as well as wastefulness, jobs and wages. He discusses the myth that hunger is thought to only exist in poor countries and points out the increasing number of American families affected by hunger. Egger (2010) goes on to describe how malnourishment and obesity are linked to hunger due to government subsidies promoting consumption of poor food choices. He focuses on the idea that though many people are getting three meals per day, they are not nutritious meals and are therefore increasing rates of obesity related illnesses and death (Egger, 2010). Egger (2010) concentrates on how the cycle of hunger in children affects learning, which increases school dropout rates, reduces employment rates, thus reducing national economic security while promoting a life of crime. He connects hunger and obesity again by focusing on how a large number of young adults are too obese to join the military, consequently decreasing the number of military eligible citizens and therefore decreasing national security. Through discussion regarding how federal programs provide poor children with meals at school, Egger (2010) describes that single working mothers and the elderly are most likely to have to prioritize other costs and needs over feeding themselves. Finally, Egger (2010) focuses on the success of his own programs, for-profit businesses...
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...person is in a particular place at a particular time. Other reasons can be due to lack of resource, skills or both, economic inequality, poverty, and social problems. Also, human services clients can have a large range of family problems that can lead to more difficult problems. The problems that human service clients face are normally multiple. One issue could lead to another resulting in various problems. Economic inequality is linked to health and social problems. Inequality places people in a social chain of command which grows a need for competition causes stress, leading to poor health and social effects. (http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/politicsandpolicy/tackling-inequality-and-poverty/). Unemployment and poor wages are contributors to economic equality, for the most part due to lack of skills or education. Growth in technology renders joblessness at all skills level. . Having low to zero income contributes to poor or no health care and poverty. Poverty is a result of economic inequality. The United States Census Bureau defines poverty as an "economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain basic needs for food, housing, clothing, health services and education." It is a standard of living below the minimum needed for maintaining adequate food, health and shelter Some reasons that contribute to this social problem are ignorance, by means of lacking knowledge, apathy, dependency, and illness. Poverty is powerlessness and is an issue faced through -out...
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...Tara's experience is definitely an example of social exclusion. Being a Catholic and predominently white university, Boston College accepts students from all kinds of backgrounds, and strives to have a more diverse student body, which creates an illusion of social inclusion. Like Tara said, before she came to Boston College, she didn't really realize how Boston College, being a Catholic university, can make such a difference on Muslim students' lives. However, through this interview, I found out that not all students on campus have equal rights, opportunities, and access to resources. For example, some students Tara encountered still believed that students who attend Boston College should be at least Christians. Looking at the university...
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...• How a process can pass information to another • Make sure processes don’t get into each others’ way • Sequencing and dependencies OS 2007-08 1 OS 2007-08 2 The issues… • They apply to threads as well • Communication: easy for threads (common address space) • Remaining two issues apply to thread as to processes Race condition • Example: printer spooler (a daemon) 4 5 Process A Process B abc prog.c prog.n out = 4 6 7 in = 7 Spooler directory OS 2007-08 3 OS 2007-08 4 Race condition • Two processes reading/writing on the same data and the result depends on who runs precisely when is called a race condition • Since obviously we’d like computation to be deterministic Critical regions • Mutual exclusion • The part of the program where the shared memory (or something else) is accessed is called a critical section • This is not enough (more rules): – Not two processes simultaneously in their critical regions – No assumptions may be made about speed and number of CPUs – No process running outside its critical region may block another process – No process should have to wait forever to enter its critical region OS 2007-08 6 OS 2007-08 5 1 Ideally A enters critical region A B blocked B enters critical region B attempts to enter critical region B leaves critical region A leaves critical region Many solutions… • Disabling interrupts • Locks • TSL instruction (hardware) • Semaphores • Mutexes • Monitors • Message passing...
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...“City of Johannesburg – Human Development Programmes”. This organisation is all about improving the quality of life of all Johannesburg citizens, envisaging a future city with improved social and human development realities. Through these programmes they hope to one day achieve enhanced quality of life for all the citizens, the so-called “Growth & Development Strategy 2040”. The Mission statement of this organisation is “to advance human development in Johannesburg by addressing poverty, inequality and social exclusion”. In sustaining this mission statement some of their goals include addressing household poverty through supporting poor and vulnerable households, emphasis is placed on rights and opportunities to address inequalities and lastly the introducing of social inclusion prospects in Johannesburg communities to eradicate social exclusion. Their strategic interventions include the promoting of the development of women and youth and access to social support for all groups. With regards to the statement of “where are they going”, as stated before in the GDS 2040 their hopes are to enhance the quality of life of all citizens in the near future, with some of its objectives being increased activities that empower women and the youth, providing knowledge to citizens on the process to attain social grants as well as eliminating Xenophobic attacks on migrants. It is these types of organisations that one does not come by so easily, yet their work extends to far ends affecting...
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...regulation. (10 points) Throughout his memoir, Robison recounts upon his inability to communicate socially and his desire for fluid interpersonal skills. He notices that people who are extroverts and are socially capable often “go far in life because interpersonal skill is one of the most important predictors of success” (207). As he grows and becomes more socially capable, he is able to recognize his interpersonal shortcomings and work to change his awkward habits. Because of this, he inherently has more social problems when he is a young boy. “Starting at about six years of age, [he] learned not to submit [him]self to repeated humiliation from people and institutions” (239). Unfortunately, humiliation was the impetus for Robison’s education in interpersonal self-regulation. In chapter 3, Empathy, Robison’s mother has one of her friends over. She comments on a tragedy of someone’s son being killed by a train while playing on train tracks. For lack of an understanding of social and emotional norms, Robison decides to smile at this remark. “She turned to me with a shocked expression on her face. ‘What! Do you think that’s funny?’ I felt embarrassed and a little humiliated. ‘No, I guess not” (29). His response, “No, I guess not”, is key because this is how he learned, through embarrassment and humiliation, that it is not acceptable to find humor in one’s tragic death. For Robison, learning interpersonal self-regulation skills is a bumpy road of learning from his mistakes and differences...
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