...International Marketing 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Objectives What you should learn from Module 1 What is meant by international marketing. To understand the scope of the international marketing task To comprehend the importance of the self-reference criterion (SRC) in international marketing. To be able to identify and manage the factors influencing internationalisation of companies. To evaluate the progression of becoming an international marketer. To see how international marketing concepts influence international marketers. To appreciate the increasing importance of global awareness. 1.1 The Internationalisation of Business 1.2 International Marketing Defined 1.3 The International Marketing Task 1.4 Environmental Adjustment Needed 1.5 Self-reference Criterion: An Obstacle 1.6 Becoming International 1.7 International Marketing Orientations 1.8 Globalisation of Markets 1.9 Developing a Global Awareness 1.10 Orientation of International Marketing Summary The first section of International Marketing offers an overview of international marketing and a discussion of the global business, political and legal environments confronting the marketer. International Marketing is defined as Performance of Business activities beyond national borders. The task of international marketer is explained. Key obstacles to international marketing are not just foreign environments but also our won self reverence criteria (SRC) and ethnocentrism. This...
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...its analysis, meta-studies and conceptual studies, and are considered to be of value to industry, government and researchers. Unlike the Sustainable Tourism Cooperative Research Centre’s Monograph series, these reports have not been subjected to an external peer review process. As such, the scientific accuracy and merit of the research reported here is the responsibility of the authors, who should be contacted for clarification of any content. Author contact details are at the back of this report. National Library of Australia Cataloguing in Publication Data Dwyer, Larry. Megatrends underpinning tourism to 2020: analysis of key drivers for change. Bibliography. ISBN 9781920965525. 1. Tourism - Economic aspects - Australia. 2. Tourism - Social aspects - Australia. 3. Tourism - Political aspects - Australia. 4. Tourism - Environmental aspects - Australia. 5. Tourism - Australia. I. Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism. II. Title. 338.47910994 Copyright © CRC for Sustainable Tourism Pty Ltd 2008 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this book may be reproduced by any process without written permission from the publisher. Any enquiries should be directed to: General Manager Communications & Industry Extension, Amber Brown [amber.brown@crctourism.com.au] or Publishing Manager, Brooke Pickering [brooke.pickering@crctourism.com.au]. Acknowledgements ...
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...Social Networks THE NEXT GENERATION David A. Smith Chief Executive Global Futures and Foresight November 2010 Social Networks The next generation Contents Foreword Introduction 2 Chris van der Kuyl 3 David Smith Executive summary 1. 2.1. 2.2. 3.4. 3.5. History of social networks in the digital age in the UK. The present state of social networks. Innovative uses of social networks in today’s society o B2C - Business to Consumer o B2B - Business to Business o P2P - Person to Person (Peer to Peer) o G2C - Government to Citizen Key trends shaping the future of social networks 1. Broadband penetration 2. Rise of mobile technologies 3. Ambient technology - the 'internet of things' 4. 24/7 lifestyle 5. Data expansion 6. The future of the net: web v apps 7. Geo-spatial and augmented reality technologies 8. New era of mass communication 9. New business era 10. Trust 11. Education 12. Older social networkers 13. Gaming and virtual reality 14. Government intervention Tomorrow’s consumer o B2C - Business to Consumer o E-Government and the 'Big Society' o Educational networking o Social studies o Gaming and virtual worlds The evolution of social networks o Technological progress o Business models and revenue streams o From the web to the street o Privacy/security/ permissive marketing o Digital Asset Management o Longevity of digital assets o Impact on advertising Changing...
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...Implementing situation analysis to identify marketing opportunity For a marketer, the most important aspect of marketing management is to analyze the recent and changing trends in the market, conduct a situational analysis and meet the demands of their consumers. Trend Analysis is the practice of collecting information, analyzing it and them attempting to spot a pattern or ‘trend’ in the information. After spotting the trend in the information, marketers follow it to come up with ideas in order to meet the demands of what their consumers want. Trend analysis is used to predict future events based on events happening in the present or the past. While conducting a trend analysis, marketers are actually conducting a situational analysis. A situation analysis, according to the American Marketing Association (AMA), is “the systematic collection and study of past and present data to identify trends, forces, and conditions with the potential to influence the performance of the business and the choice of appropriate strategies.” The situation analysis involves a thorough review of the industry, the market and the marketer’s competition. A thorough analysis of the situation in which the firm finds itself serves as the basis for identifying opportunities to satisfy unfulfilled customer needs. In addition to identifying the customer needs, the firm must understand its own capabilities and the environment in which it is operating. The situational analysis can be viewed as the analysis...
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...Mark Pegg, Director, Ashridge Leadership Centre © Ashridge & IBLF All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purposes of criticism or review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Ashridge and IBLF. ISBN 978-0-903542-85-2 Ashridge Business School http://www.ashridge.org.uk CONTENTS 1 4 7 7 12 12 17 22 27 28 28 29 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION LEADERSHIP IN A RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD A different perspective: reframing the business leader’s role and purpose LEADERSHIP ROLES OLD AND NEW A familiar leadership role: leading change and innovation across the business A new leadership role: leading change beyond business boundaries HOW CAN THIS TREND BE ACCELERATED? IMPLICATIONS FOR THINKING ABOUT BUSINESS LEADERSHIP CONCLUSIONS NEXT STEPS POST-SCRIPT: HOW IS BUSINESS LEADERSHIP BEING REFRAMED? Ashridge Business School http://www.ashridge.org.uk EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In November 2010, to big fanfare at Unilever’s London headquarters, chief executive Paul Polman boldly articulated a new strategy. The world’s third biggest consumer goods company would double the size of its business, he said, by channelling its efforts toward achieving...
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...*** (A) IMPORTANCE OF MARKETING Marketing is a very important aspect in business since it contributes greatly to the success of the organization. Production and distribution depend largely on marketing. Marketing covers advertising, promotions, public relations, and sales. Since the goal of marketing is to make the product or service widely known and recognized to the market, marketers must be creative in their marketing activities. In this competitive nature of many businesses, getting the product noticed is not that easy. Strategically, the business must be centered on the customers more than the products. Although good and quality products are also essential, the buying public still has their personal preferences. If you target more of their needs, they will come back again and again and even bring along recruits. If you push more on the product and disregard their wants and the benefits they can get, you will lose your customers in no time. The sad thing is that getting them back is the hardest part. 1. Marketing Promotes Product Awareness to the Public Getting the product or service recognized by the market is the primary goal of marketing. No business possibly ever thought of just letting the people find out about the business themselves, unless you have already established a reputation in the industry. But if you are a start-out company, the only means to be made known is to advertise and promote but the important thing is that product and company information is...
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...both the effectiveness and efficiency relationship in the Value Chain. In addition, different value perspectives for the Value Chain are suggested with particular focus on sustainable value creation and capture issues. It is anticipated that this model will be developed further in the specific context of the luxury market using case studies to develop and refine the proposed Value Chain model. Keywords: Value Chain, Supply Chain, Demand Chain, Consumer, Customer. Introduction While external forces such as economic, ecological, technological and regulatory developments are increasingly altering the global landscape, new industry trends now affect the value chain. As well as information and product flow issues, one of the main challenges for today’s manufacturing is undoubtedly to be both efficient and effective. From now on, to succeed in tomorrow’s mass-customized market, companies must be more and more nimble and responsive in creating unique value propositions that increase that so called “value for the customer” (Band, 1980). Thus, the...
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...Principles of Marketing – MGT301 VU MGT - 301 Lesson – 1 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING Overview of Course: This subject/course is designed to teach the basic principles of Marketing to diverse audience/students, including those who are studying this as a supporting subject for their bachelor degree program. This course is designed to provide you the foundations of Marketing whether you intend to work in field of the marketing or not. Marketing is part of all of our lives and touches us in some way every day. To be successful each company that deals with customers on a daily basis must not only be customer-driven, but customer-obsessed. The best way to achieve this objective is to develop a sound marketing function within the organization. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate you. We start every chapter with learning objectives. The most important thing you will get out of this course is the basic skills required to succeed in today’s competitive environment. Marketing is defined as a social and managerial process by which, individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing is a key factor to business success. The marketing function not only deals with the production and distribution of products and services, but it also is concerned with the ethical and social responsibility functions found in the domestic and global environment. Introduction of Marketing What image comes...
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...questions on whether its underlying philosophy is about to change as well. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify external drivers that might lead to such dynamic changes in the fast fashion model. Moreover, it will be investigated whether these may allude to a possible convergence to the newly emerged slow fashion model which is currently trying to penetrate the fashion market. The international retailer Zara has served as fast fashion representative for this analysis and has been examined for business model adjustments, which might have been triggered by macroenvironmental factors. It was found that especially social, environmental and technological factors have influenced developments in the fast fashion model and that it has indeed adopted slow fashion principles in some of its building blocks to respond to such emerging trends. The future of the fashion industry appears to be tailored by such externalities, continuously reshaping the fast fashion model to eventually arrive at a version that brings a long-lasting competitive edge. However, only time can indicate whether this version will eventually be the result of a conflation of the fast and slow fashion model. Supervisors: Kasia Zalewska-Kurek, PhD. Björn Kijl, MSc. Keywords Business models, business model dynamics, PESTEL, canvas framework, fast fashion, slow fashion Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use...
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...University MBA - Revised Curriculum - 2013-14 Semester –I Thinking and Communication Skills (Practical) Accounting for Decision Making Philosophy for Management Economics for Managers Managerial Statistics Managerial Skills (Practical) Semester-II Financial Management Management Information System Marketing Human Resource Management Production And Operation Management Legal Aspects of Business Semester- III Summer Internship (8 weeks)(Practical) Entrepreneurship Strategic Management Business Analytics (Practical) Elective-1 Elective-2 Elective-3 Elective-4 Semester- IV Elective-5 Elective-6 Industrial Elective (Practical) Total Credit L 0 2 3 2 2 0 T 0 4 0 2 4 0 P 4 0 0 0 0 6 C 2 4 3 3 4 3 19 4 3 4 2 4 3 20 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 22 3 3 5 11 72 MB 13207 MB 13208 MB 13209 MB 13210 MB 13211 MB 13212 MB 13313 MB 13314 MB 13315 MB 13316 2 2 3 2 3 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 4 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 MB 13417 Functional Electives Marketing Finance Systems Human Resource Operations Vertical Electives Pharma Hospitality Enterprise Resource Planning Agriculture Hospital and Health Care Retailing Auto Industry Project Management Media and Communication Banking Financial Service Insurance 2 MB 13FM01 MB 13FM02 MB 13FM03 MB 13FM04 MB 13FM05 MB 13FM06 MB 13FM07 MB 13FM08 MB 13FM09 MB 13FM10 MB 13FM11 MB 13FM12 MB 13FM13 MB 13HR01 MB 13HR02 MB 13HR03 MB 13HR04 MB 13HR05 MB 13HR06 MB 13HR07 MB 13HR08 MB 13HR09 MB 13HR10...
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...were only used by the professional or it was considered as the device of luxury, and user for only voice call, but the scenario has completely changed. Now it’s a necessity of the life. As Bangladesh is a small country with large number of population, it’s an attractive market for business like the mobile operators. Customers of the market do display a strange need for communication through cell phones and are often noted to spend more money on making calls than they do on food. In terms of Social factors, the market is still thriving for more. Customers are still willing to try something new and because of lack of loyalty, customers are always ready for a new operator, hoping that call rates will fall even more which is a threat. The almost exponential growth in the Telecoms sector in Bangladesh in the last 5-10 years has had the same transformative impact on Bangladesh’s economy as the growth of Ready Made Garments and Remittances. As well as being the largest contributor to Foreign Direct Investment and tax revenues, the catalytic effect of rapid mobile penetration on increasing the quality of life of tens of millions of people has been significant. In this report, data will be gathered from questionnaires, interviews, literature reviews and analysts’ reports used to compare and discuss the contribution...
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...FROM ‘STRATEGY’ TO ‘CORPORATE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY’: A CONCEPTUALISATION Paper delivered at the 9th International Public Relations Research Symposium, held at Lake Bled from 4-7 July, 2002 Benita Steyn APR Lecturer Dept of Marketing and Communication Management Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences University of Pretoria SOUTH AFRICA 0002 (27 12) 420-4040 w (27 12) 362-5085 fax bsteyn@hakuna.up.ac.za TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OF TERMS CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PUBLIC RELATIONS STRATEGY STAKEHOLDERS AND PUBLICS 1 1 1 1 2 2 3. APPROACHES TO THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN SOCIETY AS A METATHEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 THE SHAREHOLDER APPROACH THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/ETHICAL APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIVENESS APPROACH THE CORPORATE SOCIAL PERFORMANCE APPROACH THE STAKEHOLDER APPROACH THE ISSUES APPROACH THE ‘CORPORATE COMMUNITY’ APPROACH CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 4. STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AS A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 4.1 STRATEGY AS THE MAJOR CONCEPT 4.2 THE CONTEXT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3 THE LEVELS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.3.1 Enterprise strategy 4.3.2 Corporate strategy 4.3.3 Business-unit strategy 4.3.4 Functional strategy 4.3.5 Operational strategy 4.3.6 Conclusion 4.4 THE PROCESS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 Environmental analysis 4.4.2 Goal formulation 4.4.3 Strategic thinking and...
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...of Business Management Marketing Management www.iibmindia.in Subject: MARKETING MANAGEMENT Credits: 4 SYLLABUS Concepts of Marketing Management: Definition and Concepts: Definitions of Marketing, Scope of Marketing; Core Marketing Concepts: Concept of Demand and Supply; Transaction; Major Marketing Management Philosophy; Social Marketing Marketing Environment - Internal & External Marketing Environment Forces; Macro Environment; Micro and Internal Environment; Factors Influencing Consumer Buyer Behavior; Buyer Decision Process; Inputs for Buying Decision Process; Consumer Trends; Market Segmentation Process. Developing Market Strategies and the Offerings Part –I Positioning and Differentiation: Concept, Positioning according to Ries and Trout, Various Tools of Differentiation; Product Decisions and Strategies; Product Mix; Product Life Cycle; Brand Positioning; Brand Identity; Equity and Packaging. Developing Market Strategies and the Offerings - Part II: Introduction to Service Marketing; Differentiating Services; Product and Service Price; Response to Change in Price; Pricing Strategies. Delivering Marketing Programs – Part I Marketing through Channel Partners; Wholesalers and Retailers: Current Trend; Channel Management. Delivering Marketing Programs – Part II Market Communication, Process for Effective Communication; Advertising; Different Advertising Media; Sales Promotion; Public Relations; Direct Marketing; Personal Selling: Concepts...
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...Corporation set out on its current course in the 1980s when the company’s director of marketing, Howard Schultz, came back from a trip to Italy enchanted with the Italian coffeehouse experience. Schultz, who later became CEO, persuaded the company’s owners to experiment with the coffeehouse format—and the Starbucks experience was born. The basic strategy was to sell the company’s own premium roasted coffee, along with freshly brewed espresso-style coffee beverages, a variety of pastries, coffee accessories, teas, and other products, in a tastefully designed coffeehouse setting. The company also stressed providing superior customer service. Reasoning that motivated employees provide the best customer service, Starbucks executives devoted much attention to employee hiring and training programs and progressive compensation policies that gave even part-time employees stock option grants and medical benefits. The formula met with spectacular success in the United States, where Starbucks went from obscurity to one of the best known brands in the country in a decade. In 1995, with almost 700 stores across the United States, Starbucks began exploring foreign opportunities. The company established a joint venture with a Japanese retailer, Sazaby Inc. Each company held a 50 percent stake in the venture, Starbucks Coffee of Japan. Starbucks initially invested $10 million in this venture, its first foreign direct investment. The Star- Photo by NASA. Globalization 1 O P E N I N G C...
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...Chapter 01 Taking Risks and Making Profits within the Dynamic Business Environment TEST PLANNING TABLE FOR CHAPTER 1 |Learning Goal | | | | | |LL:1 |LL:2 |LL:3 | | |Knows Basic Terms and Facts |Understands Concepts and |Applies Principles | | | |Principles | | |Describe the relationship between profit |1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, |25,26,27,28,29,30,31, |34,35,36,37,38,39, | |and risk and show how businesses and |11,12,13,14,15,16,17 |32,33, |40,41,42,43, | |nonprofit organizations can raise the |18,19,20,21,22,23,24, |188,189,190,191,192,193,194,19|198,199,200,201, | |standard of living for all. |176,177,178,179,180,181,182,1|5,196,197 |202,203,204, | | |83,184,185,186,187 | |221, 326, 330 | |Compare and contrast being an entrepreneur|44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53|57,58,59, |60,61,62, | |and working for others. ...
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