...parts of society up to minimum standards of living is becoming an issue of social responsibility and political requirement in emerging economies through social security programs. However, emerging economies are facing many constraints in implementing widespread social security programs to affect equality, poverty alleviation, and income security. When considering Social Security for emerging economies, there are two central issues that must be addressed; can emerging economies sustain viable social security systems, and is social security vital to the development of emerging economies. To understand these issues, and possible solutions, it is useful to look towards the established models found in Europe for answers. Social Security To analyze the issue at hand, we must first understand the definition of social security, as the benefits offered by the State and society differ from country to country. For example, Social Security is a narrowly defined program in the United States, which offers supplemental income to those of retirement age at 65 and older. However, in Europe, social security encompasses a slate of programs that provide cash transfers and benefits for the aged, unemployed, ill, and poor. These programs are often manifested in the form of pensions, unemployment benefits, and in many countries universal healthcare. For this exercise we will use the broad definition of Social Security defined as programs to “protect the poor and vulnerable and to ensure that they...
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...environmental matter as trade barriers between the North and the South countries has feature prominently in the world international forums Developing countries that struggles to improve their economies and attract more investors to enhance their economies is term as pollution haven. The word pollution haven as proposed by Zarsky (1997, 1999) is a claimed that the South have reduced and relaxed their environmental regulation to attract foreign investors. The southern countries which are endowed with lots of natural resources has long been staying under poverty and the only way to be out of this situation is opening up their economies and speed up industrialization development through the foreign investors. On the other hand, the North countries business feared that if the developing countries lower cost of operation through labour intensive and resources then they stand a chance to lose value or capture the market. The developed countries argued that they have more severe and effective regulations on environmental (Duchin et al., 1995, Xu, 2000) compare to the developing countres, but the World Trade Organization has protected the exported products from developing countries. The North claims that this is unfair business and they requested global environmental standard to form level playing field (Chudnovsky and Lopez 1999; Xu 2000). This claim however was seen as another form of trade barriers by the developing countres. The environmental problems such as climate change and ozone...
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...Poverty is defined as the condition of having insufficient resources to live and is one of the largest problems in developing countries. In the poorest of developing countries, almost eighty percent of the population lives in absolute poverty; which has a variety of serious consequences on human lives (Handelman, 2011). With the rising rates of poverty, many face problems of famine and lack of lodging. Over half of the population of developing countries, live in urban slums. Urban slums are generally self-made homes of brick and tin close together where there is no access to clean drinking water, sanitation or urban services including health care. Sanitation is poor, if there is any at all, and the water is contaminated because of the sewage running through it. The immediate danger with this type of environment is the risk to the people’s health. This degree of poverty and lack of clean water leads to poor personal hygiene resulting in the proliferation of various harmful bacteria which results in the development of diseases such as cholera, malaria, etc. (Tharp, 2007). Unfortunately, poverty in developing countries has a variety of causes including lacking social security, lacking natural resources and nutrition, and having no financial stability. Developing countries are economically depressed because they do not have social security or welfare. These countries cannot afford to...
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...Group Members No. | Name | Id | 1. | MD. Jakir Hossain Kiron | 1321558 | 2. | Kamrul Islam | 1320013 | 3. | MD. Ahsan Kabir | 1320848 | 4. | Mohammad Mazbahul Islam | 1320417 | 5. | MD. Tareq Islam | 1220229 | | | | Letter of Transmittal April 03, 2015 Mehadi Mansur Lecturer, School of Business Independent University, Bangladesh. Bashundhara, Dhaka-1212 Subject: Submission of Report. Dear Sir, It is indeed our pleasure to submit the report titled ‘Impact of Globalization on Developing Countries Income Distribution’to you for your kind appraisal.During information collection, we got support by many other sources and we also got huge amount of support from you when we prepared the report. The experiences we have gathered will be very helpful in our professional life. We believe, this report will be quite interesting and fulfill your expectation. We have tried to give our best efforts to prepare a comprehensive report. We will be grateful if you accept our report and your kind consideration will be highly appreciated. Sincerely Yours, Group Members of "Group No: 03" Acknowledgement This report would not have been possible without the dedication and contribution of all the researchers of our group members. In IUB we studied the subject “International Business” as a part of our course. We went through the textbook, according to the syllabus. Hence, we are grateful to our course instructor Mr.Mehadi Mansur for describing...
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...and principles contained in its founding Charter. Due to the powers vested in its Charter and its unique international character, the United Nations can take action on the issues confronting humanity in the 21st century, such as peace and security, climate change, sustainable development, human rights, disarmament, terrorism, humanitarian and health emergencies, gender equality, governance, food,production,andmore. The UN also provides a forum for its members to express their views in the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, and other bodies and committees. By enabling dialogue between its members, and by hosting negotiations, the Organization has become a mechanism for governments to find areas of agreement and solve problems together. ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- 2-United Nations General Assembly The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA, GA, or, from the French: Assemblée Générale, "AG") is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the United Nations, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, receive reports from other parts of the United Nations and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.It has also established a wide number of subsidiary organs. ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...the ideas, experience and advice of a considerable range of other agencies and experts, including from Non-Governmental, academic and other sectors. A peer review process was held to move towards the final versions, which incorporated detailed and rich discussions on the ideas generated by the papers. In this effort, the central intention of the Task Force was to try to identify promising or successful experiences in country efforts to move towards the various Goals, and to gain understanding of the factors contributing to this progress. The focus of the papers is therefore on the national and local level; on country-led (rather than UN) efforts; and on a range of immediate and underlying factors that appear to be important or essential in enabling progress under differing conditions and country circumstances. The papers do not present or represent formal, official UN policy positions. Rather, they reflect the collective analytical efforts of the MDG Task Force, as endorsed by the UN Development Group, in an effort to bring ideas and suggestions, based on country and field experience, to the attention of UN Member States and development practioners everywhere. We hope that, as such, the papers provide a valuable contribution to the continuing discussions on policies, programmes, advocacy, financing and other conditions which are needed to achieve broad-based and sustained progress towards development goals, particularly for...
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...______________________________________________________________________________ I. Examining International Terrorism: Developing a Joint Proposal for Counter-Terrorism Efforts The People’s Republic of China recognizes the need for the international community to adopt a comprehensive approach with cooperative measures in a multi-faceted method to combat global terrorism. The world has experienced decades of pointless terrorist attacks--in particular, the tragic loss of life on September 11th, 2001 in The United States. As proven throughout history, force alone cannot fundamentally resolve disputes and conflicts, and the national concept of security based on the use of force and the threat to use force can hardly bring about lasting peace in today’s world. Against this backdrop, an intensive cooperative security measure featuring dialogue and cooperation has emerged as the new global agenda. China’s security concept seeks common security against terrorism threats in developing nations through mutually-beneficial cooperation established through international cooperation against the use of terrorism. Terrorism is a result of complex array of political, economic, and social factors which cannot be resolved by military force alone. Only through strengthening of dialogue and cooperation between nations throughout the world can a fundamental approach to common security be achieved. Estimations show that global terrorist attacks had a significant limiting effect on growth within Nations...
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...potential of ICTs, their benefits have not been spread evenly. Indeed, using ICTs effectively to foster social inclusion and economic growth is among the key challenges facing policymakers today. As one of the world’s leading ICT firms, Microsoft brings a unique perspective to this issue, one informed by years of collaboration with the international development community. Microsoft firmly believes that ICTs hold tremendous promise as an enabler of social and economic development. ICTs can help underserved populations obtain, manage and disseminate knowledge and to tap into global networks of information and services. And rapid innovations in technology – the fruits of intensive R&D efforts by Microsoft and others – are making ICTs less expensive and easier to use, bringing the power of ICTs within the reach of ever more people. ICTs promote development across many dimensions. At their most fundamental level, ICTs enable organizations to be more productive, thereby spurring economic growth and helping firms be more competitive. ICTs can also expand the reach and effectiveness of social development projects and have already yielded important benefits in such areas as healthcare, education, and environmental preservation. Public-sector uptake of ICTs is also making governments more efficient and their decision-making more transparent. Finally, many developing countries have achieved important economic gains in nurturing the development of domestic ICT industries. It...
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...poorest countries has been negative. Discuss. Currently, globalization is rapidly developing and making a contribution to social progress. It is mainly manifested in politics, economics and culture. Many western industrialized nations get tremendous benefits from globalization. This is mainly displayed in the aspect of market expansion. Because of globalization, more markets for capital investment and outlets for goods are available. However, some poor countries suffer because of globalization. As a result, the economic gap between developed nations and developing nations is expanding remarkably. Nevertheless, several developing countries have seized the opportunity and created a miracle in their economy. Therefore, every country needs to recognise that it can help them and also be aware of the challenges. This essay discusses that while developed countries and some developing countries have benefited economically from globalization, most developing countries have experienced negative impacts. Hence, it is important to firstly identify what globalization is and state what benefits developed countries and some developing countries have had and the negative impacts some developing nations have experienced. After that, the essay discusses reasons for these two different results. It is argued that globalization has brought economic, financial, technological and social benefits to western industrialized nations and some developing countries. However, the majority of developing countries...
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...peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications. © 2011 by David E. Bloom, David Canning, and Günther Fink. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Implications of Population Aging for Economic Growth David E. Bloom, David Canning, and Günther Fink NBER Working Paper No. 16705 January 2011 JEL No. J14,J15,J21,J26,O1,O4 ABSTRACT The share of the population aged 60 and over is projected to increase in nearly every country in the world during 2005-2050. Population ageing will tend to lower both labor-force participation and savings rates, thereby raising concerns about a future slowing of economic growth. Our calculations suggest that OECD countries are likely to see modest – but not...
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...SUMMARY OF RESULTS OF THE SURVEY Franco Viciani Kostas G. Stamoulis Alberto Zezza Franco Viciani nd Alberto Zezza are consultants, and Kostas G. Stamoulis is a Senior Economist, Agriculture and Economic Development Analysis Division (ESA), FAO, Rome. | 1. Introduction 2. Poverty, Inequality and Food Insecurity 3. Policy Reforms Affecting Agriculture and Rural Development, and Changes in the Role of the State 4. Globalization and International Trade Liberalization 5. Increasing Agricultural Production: Sustainability and Technology Changes 1. INTRODUCTION The first step in the CUREMIS exercise was a survey conducted among all the regional and sub-regional policy officers and outposted staff of the Economic and Social Department of FAO. The survey was based on a questionnaire which was distributed to them and was structured around "major trends affecting food, agriculture and rural development" as identified in the process of preparing the FAO Strategic Framework, namely: * changes in the role and functions of the state and implication for food, agriculture and rural development * trade liberalization, globalization and increased reliance on regional blocks * persistence of poverty, mounting inequality, food insecurity and continuing risks of emergencies * population growth, urbanization and related changes in demand on agriculture; increasing pressure on natural resources and the environment * research and technology development and inequality...
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... 5. To improve maternal health 6. To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases 7. To ensure environmental sustainability[1] 8. To develop a global partnership for development[2] 17 Sdgs 1) End poverty in all its forms everywhere * 836 million people still live in extreme poverty * About one in five persons in developing regions lives on less than $1.25 per day * The overwhelming majority of people living on less than $1.25 a day belong to two regions: Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa * High poverty rates are often found in small, fragile and conflict-affected countries * One in seven children under age five in the world has inadequate height for his or her age * Every day in 2014, 42,000 people had to abandon their homes to seek protection due to conflict * By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day * By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions * Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the...
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...eat. How many of these are produced locally? 6.1 Million Hectares are planted with GM crops in Canada Which countries are the other items from? What proportion of your food choice is organic? 80% of our food choice is organic For the latter question, how important is it to you to eat organic food? Extremely very important, because it is healthier and there is less chemicals What percentage of your income/family income is spent on food? 20% of my household income is spend on food How do you feel about this amount? I feel like it is a lot ( since organic food are more expensive) but it is worth it as we pay to much attention on our nutrition. 2. Research the 100 mile diet, and city farmer websites to find out information about activities in Victoria OR your home town or home country related to food security, healthy eating, shopping locally. a) Briefly, what is the 100 mile diet- have you heard of it? Tried it? The 100 mile diet is a local eating experiment that Alisa Smith and JB Mackinnon came up with to basically see what the limits of the industrial food system are, and if it's possible to eat locally within a city at all (Tancock). I have never tried it before, as this is the first time I am hearing from it. b) What are the concerns regarding food security in your town/country? Food insecurity in Canada is “a serious social and public health problem,” says a new report that found nearly one in eight Canadian households couldn’t access...
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...role was thus to be restricted to certain core function – providing public good such as defence & highways, maintaining law & order to ensure security of person & property, enforcing contracts & providing primary education to the people. In 19th century the government role in redistributing income was limited & tax system were used entirely for revenue raising, state thus remained small by modern standards until world war first. In developed economies of the west, the policy makers by & large agreed on three principles. First, there was agreement on the limitations of the private enterprise & thus mixed public-private economy was regarded as desirable. This implied nationalizing a wide range of strategic industries. Secondly, need for a coordinated macroeconomic policy was recognized because market alone failed to ensure macroeconomic stability that is that is needed for sustained growth of business. Finally, reliance entirely on market For the welfare of the people was a questionable proposition. In the three and a half decades between 1960 & 1995, government western economies assumed new role & expanded existing ones. By the mid-1990s the range of tasks performed by the government & its agencies included not only maintaince & development of infrastructure & utilities but also much more support for education, health care & social security. As a result, in the 35 year period from 1960 onwards the central government expenditure rose from less than 20% of GDP to over 30%. Between...
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...Do international labour standards help in eliminating poverty in developing countries? Firstly, I will define International Labour Organisation. In my understanding ILO is an organisation which promotes equal opportunities for women and men at work, in conditions of freedom, equity, security and human dignity. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent employment opportunities, develop social protection and strengthen work-related issues. Also I will look into statements which promote International Labour Organisation and the way it works. Additionally, I will give some examples of developing countries and International Labour Organisation role in those countries. The ILO is the international organization responsible for drawing up and overseeing international labour standards. It is the only 'tripartite' United Nations agency that brings together representatives of governments, employers and workers and promoting decent work for all. This unique arrangement gives the ILO ability to understand the 'real world' knowledge about employment and work. International labour standards have grown into a comprehensive system of instruments on work and social policy, backed by a supervisory system which is designed to address all sort of problems in their application at the national level. The International Labour Organization (ILO) is dedicated to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights, following its founding mission that labour...
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