...Contents 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 4 1.11 Indian weddings 4 1.12 Indian greetings 4 1.13 Indian Food 4 Introduction to American culture 5 1.14 American music 5 1.15 American religion 5 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY 6 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 7 2.0 LEVELS OF CULTURE 7 2.01 GLOBAL CULTURE 7 2.02 REGIONAL CULTURE 7 2.03 NATIONAL CULTURE 7 2.04 ETHNIC CULTURE 7 2.05 SOCIAL CLASS CULTURE 8 2.06 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE 8 2.07 FAMILY CULTURE 8 2.08 GENDER CULTURE 8 2.09 AGE CULTURE 8 2.1 DETERMINANTS OF CULTURE 8 2.11 GEERT HOFSTEDE’S MODEL 9 2.12 INDIVIDUALISIM V COLLECTIVISM 9 2.13 POWER DISTANCE 9 2.14 LARGE POWER DISTANCE 9 2.15 SMALL POWER DISTANCE 9 2.16 MASCULINITY V FEMINITY 9 2.17 UNCERTAINITY AVOIDANCE 10 3.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE 10 3.01 Culture is dynamic 10 3.02 Culture is pervasive 10 3.03 Culture is learnt 10 3.04 Culture is integrated 10 3.05 Culture is ethnocentric 10 3.06 Culture provides social cohesion 11 4.0 VIEWS ON CULTURAL TRENDS 11 4.01 The Convergent View 11 4.02 The Divergent View 11 5.0 ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION 12 5.01 ANALYSIS 12 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.01 WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture rules virtually every aspect of your life and like most people; you are completely unaware of this. Culture is vital because it enables its members to function with one another without the need to negotiate meaning at every moment. Culture is learned and forgotten, so despite its importance we are generally unconscious...
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...B.B.A. VI Semester Subject: Indian Ethos in Management SYLLABUS Class: - B.B.A. VI Semester Subject: - Indian Ethos in Management Unit-I Business Ethics: Introduction, Business Ethics and Management, Business Ethics and Moral Obligations; Corporate Social Responsibility; Corporate Governance; Report of the Kumar Mangalam Birla Committee on Corporate Governance; Role of Media in Ensuring Corporate Governance; Environmental Concerns and Corporations. Ethical Issues related with Advertisement and Marketing; Secular versus Spritual Values in Management, Work Ethics, Stress at Workplace Relevance of Values in Management; Gandhian Approach in Management and Trusteeship; Social Values and Political Environment Indian Ethos: Values and Ethics; Requisites for Ethics Globally A Holistic Management System; Management in Indian Perspective Unit-II Unit-III Unit-IV Unit-V 45, Anurag Nagar, Behind Press Complex, Indore (M.P.) Ph.: 4262100, www.rccmindore.com 1 B.B.A. VI Semester Subject: Indian Ethos in Management UNIT – 1 BUSINESS ETHICS Business ethics is nothing but the application of ethics in business. Business ethics is the application of general ethical ideas to business behavior. Ethical business behavior facilitates and promotes good to society, improves profitability, fosters business relations and employee productivity. The concept of business ethics has come to mean various things to various people, but generally it‘s coming to know what it right or...
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...feelings of powerlessness. We feel that we are living in a world in which the citizen has become a mere spectator or a forced actor, and that our personal experience is politically useless and our political will a minor illusion (Mills 1959) Macro argument. Chapter 3 Culture & Society The Concepts of Culture Culture - The values the members of a given group hold, the norms they follow, and the material goods they create. Values - abstract ideals. For example, monogamy is a prominent value in most Western societies. Norms - definite principles or rules people are expected to observe Society - a system of relationships that connects individuals who share the same culture. The Concepts of Culture Culture and society are closely related. Cultural variations among humans are linked to different types of society. No culture could exist without a society; equally, no society could exist without culture. The Concepts of Culture Ethnocentrism – judging other cultures in the terms/standard of one’s own culture Cultural relativism- judging a society by its own standards Countercultures –groups that largely reject the prevailing norms of society (Anarchists) Subculture- smaller segments of society distinguished by unique patterns of behavior (Harley-Davidson owners) Nature or Nurture? • Biologists and some psychologists emphasize...
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...convenience, and quality. Marketers of today understand that in order to attract the youth consumer market, they must offer them products and services that interest them. Such products and services should focus on technology, music, fashion, and other influential factors that are important to today's youth. The western style of consumption consists of increased sensitivity to economic class, meaning more money is being spent. For example, many young people today worry about having the newest smart phone or the most luxurious car. Image is everything. And because today's marketing strategies focus on advertising in ways that youth are familiar with, they make it easy to attract youth consumers. The China consumers tend to put emphasis on value...
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...19.3 Poverty A large section of the Indian society is suffering from poverty. Poverty is a phenomenonSocial Problem :: 201 which is objective as well a subjective. Objectively poverty implies a dehumanizing condition in which people are unable to look after the basic needs. Subjectively poverty stands for perceived deprivation. As such it is relative and any body can feel poor by comparing himself as herself with a rich person. Poor people lack the necessary resources and capacity to satisfy basic needs like food, shelter, health and education. They live under difficult conditions which are not conducive for development of their human potential. As you have learned earlier in the lesson 10 and 11 that for healthy human development a child needs environmental support for survival and development. Poverty interferes with development in many ways. For instance lack of or inadequate nutrition arrests mental development during early childhood. The unavailability of stimulating environment and absence of effective role models decreases the motivation level. A large section of poor children do not go to school. Even if they go they become drop outs and fail to complete education Gender Discrimination Women and men are equally important for the growth and development of individual and social lives. The women play the important role as mother and the same makes it unique. However, careful analysis of Indian society indicates that the situation is not good for women folk...
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...half century ago. During this period the country has been engaged in efforts to attain development and growth in various areas such as building infrastructure, production of food grains, science and technology and spread of education. The life expectancy has increased and many diseases have been controlled. However, there are many areas in which Indian society is experiencing a variety of problems. Some of these problems have their roots in our colonial past while others are related to demographic changes, socio-political conditions and cultural processes. This lesson tries to acquaint you with some of the problems and the psychological factors involved in them. You will learn about some of the possible ways in which psychological interventions can help in dealing with the problems. 19.2 Objectives After reading this lesson you will be able to: explain social problems such as poverty, gender discrimination and social tension; state the causes of these problems; suggest some interventions for dealing with these problems. 19.3 Poverty A large section of the Indian society is suffering from poverty. Poverty is a phenomenon Social Problem :: 201 which is objective as well a subjective. Objectively poverty implies a dehumanizing condition in which people are unable to look after the basic needs. Subjectively poverty stands for perceived deprivation. As such it is relative and any body can feel poor by comparing himself as herself with a rich person. Poor people lack the...
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...construction of social change through the studies of Sanskritization,Westernization and Dominant caste Pooja Agarwal 1313240 IIPSENG INTRODUCTION There have been various changes in the social structure of India brought about by the British administration, its economic policies, educational system and introduction of modern means of communication had a far reaching effect on Indian society and economy. Though the Indian society which is based on the caste system is often regarded as a “closed society”, there is still a possibility for changes. Within the framework of the caste itself some kind of mobility is observed. Lower castes have often tried to claim higher status by imitating the life-styles of upper-castes like the Brahmins and Kshatriyas, while the upper castes including Brahmins, attempt to orient their life-styles on the model of the Westerners. This trend has become so widespread that today not only the upper class and middle class people are trying to orient their behaviour, attitudes, beliefs and life-styles towards those of developed societies; but also the entire mass of people are involved in this process. Daniel Lerner calls this process ‘modernisation’. It denotes a process of social change whereby “less developed societies acquire the characteristics common to more developed societies”. The study of social change in India has taken different shapes and directions depending on the nature, shape and direction. Sociologists and social anthropologists...
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...in over 62 countries contributing significantly to them being the market leader in the coffee industry. To be able to operate on such a global scale signifies strength of the company’s internal resources and capabilities. During the recession in 2008, their stock price went down significantly, but the profits were hardly affected. Starbucks also focus its resources on giving back to society as well; helping to improve social and economical conditions for small coffee farmers, provide financial help to community literacy in developing countries in which it operates and a major contributor of the Worldwide relief Development Organization. Its present consolidated revenues for quarter one of 2014 were $4.2 billion which is and increase of 12% over quarter one of 2013; this was due to 5% growth in global store sales. With the resources that Starbucks have had enabled them to expand globally on a rapid pace not to mention its manpower team (employees) whom is of utmost value to the organization making it what it is today. From initiation, the starbucks business culture have prevailed; its corporate value and business principles have made the company what it is today in satisfying customers by all means, selling freshly-roasted coffee without articial flavor, embracing diversity, corporate citizenship, and providing a great work environment for its employees where each other is treated with respect and dignity. This culture has created a great product which is an internal...
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...research has been devoted to cross-cultural perceptions in the India-U.S. business context. We developed an approach based on Levinson’s (1950) ethnocentrist model to explore the underlying values of the two cultures, specifically in relation to perceptions of work. Preliminary results indicate a potential misalignment of motivating values. This study may have further implications for the selection of strategic business partners and other important crosscultural transactions. Keywords: India, Ethnocentrist, Levinson Introduction The genesis for this study was a question posed by an Indian graduate student on her first visit to the U.S. who simply wanted to know what Americans thought of Indians and her home country. India’s economic liberalization in 1991 opened the gateway for new multilateral business opportunities, and in a broader sense, the world gained access to a vast wealth of untapped resources in India, including a highly educated workforce to satisfy the global desire for outsourced services. Although the U.S. has quickly become India’s largest trading partner, surprisingly little research has been devoted to cross-cultural perceptions in this business context. In response to our student’s question, anecdotal evidence suggested that the stereotypical view was quite favorable in that Indians in America were assumed to have strong abilities in math and science that resulted in professional positions with above average...
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...have caused a large discrepancies in the birth rates of males and females. In these countries ultrasounds are being used in sex selective abortions. Their use has amplified the social issue of female inequality to the extent that females are being killed off before they can be born. In 1901 in India there was 972 women for every 1,000 man, fast-forward to 2001 there was an estimated 933 women for every 1,000 man (unfpa.org). As this trend continues these countries are finding themselves in a dangerous social situation, and changes need to be made quickly. In India many efforts have been made to stop the use of ultrasounds for sex selection, for example in 1994 the Prenatal Diagnostics Techniques Act was enacted in attempts to ban the activity. In some states they have government incentives in attempts to entice families to keep their daughters. Despite their efforts the sex ratio is still coming down. Many Indian government officials and activist feel that GE and Wipro should take action to stop the use of ultrasound for sex selection, as they are India’s largest supplier of ultrasound equipment. The companies feel that they are not the cause of the sex selection abortion pandemic, but instead it is deep-rooted social issues that cannot be resolved by the companies. GE has recognized the social effect the ultrasound has had on the South Asian countries and has made efforts to help with the regulated use of the product. Problem Both India and China are enjoying...
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...1.0 ROLE OF CULTURE It is very crucial for firms and people who are planning to invest or operate a business in a foreign country to understand the host countries’ business customs, value, and ethical behaviors in order to be successful. For instance consider the story of Benjamin Franklin, the great American diplomat, inventor, physic and politician. He was the only person who convinced the French to assist the revolutionaries in their battle for freedom from England. The biographers stated that the success was due to the fact that Franklin was aware of the French’s politics, history, arts, literature, values and norms. (Muller, 1991) From the above scenario, it is crystal clear that rely firms and people that rely on their home culture to compete in a foreign country tend to jeopardize their success due to the cultural variation. This is because culture affects the consumer behaviors, local demand, buying decisions and brand loyalty. So the question is what is culture? Culture is a framework of behavioral patterns, values, assumptions and experience shared by a social group which when taken together constitute a design of living (Davey, 2011) Culture has several characteristics. To begin with, culture is a learned behavior which is non-instinctive in nature; meaning we are not genetically programmed to learn a specific culture. For example any normal baby can be born and placed in any family around the world thus learning the culture and accepting it as its own. In...
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...Introduction India is amongst the ancient civilizations with rich historical legacies and cultural traditions. It shares a border with seven countries namely; Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This denotes the diversity it has within its mainstream culture and subcultures, in terms of language, religion, ethnicity and mindset. It is a nation of extensive inconsistencies, with its emergence in the global market as opposed to its restricted economy of labour, capital and knowledge. However these inconsistencies are caused by the contradictory national and managerial mindset goes on to the confidence Indians have in their abilities and future. Bever et al (2005) found, in a study by McKinskey Quaterly, that Indian managers tend to be more optimistic as compared to the others, whereas in reality, it has been seen in only a few industries and corporations. The reason for these inconsistencies could be due to the history and culture behind the management styles. For instance, they are shaped by family dominance, rigid bureaucracy in government structures, and absence of professionalism in managers. Some areas that need attention are ethical indecency, labour laws and human resource management that should be attended. Also of equal consideration is the protectionist culture inspired by socialist economics, which was formed after independence in 1947, when the government-bred regulations fenced the influx of foreign opposition. It created inefficiencies and...
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...MARKETING IS ALL ABOUT UNDERSTANDING SOCIO CULTURAL FACTORS 05/12/2013 MARKETING IS ALL ABOUT UNDERSTANDING SOCIO CULTURAL FACTORS Compiled By- (17/2013) Arun Kumar (20/2013) Amandeep Singh Mehta (33/2013) Nishant Dahiya (36/2013) Manish Kumar Singh (41/2013) Priyanka Singh (52/2013) Ashim Gupta To Be Received By- Dr. Joyeeta Chatterjee ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank Dr. Joyeeta Chatterjee for giving us the opportunity to study the importance of socio cultural factors in marketing. It gave us an insight how the different socio cultural factors affect the marketing strategies of different companies. We would also like to thank our class-mates whose valuable insight about socio cultural factors helped us to analyze and develop a broad perspective of how these factors affect the way companies market and sell their products. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL December 05, 2013 To Dr. Joyeeta Chatterjee Associate Professor, Marketing Lal Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management Delhi From Group number-1 We, group number-1 are submitting a report “Marketing is all about understanding socio cultural factors”. We hereby declare that the work presented in this project report entitled “Marketing is all about understanding socio cultural factors” is original and correct to the best of our knowledge and has been carried out taking...
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...Conclusion | 10 | Abstract: Basically, before the 20th century, the study of the politics was shaped by history, ethics, philosophy, and law, but from the late 19th century onwards, scientific approach to study politics gradually emerged. Comparative politics, in my view, do not study and analyze big issues of politics only. It also provides us the stage to study and analyze the political, social and economic situation of a particular society or state from the lens of art, literature, cinema, dramas, etc. Not only that, art and literature are the mirror of the society, so to understand particular society and political system, studying and analyzing art, literature is important. Being a student of comparative politics, here I have a good opportunity to study and compare three distinct images of a particular society. In this term paper, I am going to study three distinct pillars of Indian art and literature, which represent three different images and ideas. Satyajit Ray, MF Husain, and Arundhati Roy are an Indian film director, painter, and writer respectively which represents the postcolonial Indian society. Introduction: India is the country with the world's ancient civilization; however the modern political history of India was shaped only after the India's independence from the British Raj. On one hand, India is the home of the world's second largest population and on the other hand, based on the number of an electorate, India is also...
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...industry MSME (Micro-Small and Medium Enterprises) involves a place of key significance in the Indian financial structure because of its critical commitment as far as yield, fares and work. The little scale industry represents 40% of gross modern esteem expansion and half of aggregate assembling sends out. More than 3.2 million units spread everywhere throughout the nation delivering around 8000 things, from extremely fundamental to exceedingly modern items. The SMEs are the greatest business giving divisions after farming; giving work to 29.4 million individuals. Nonetheless, MSMEs, which constitute over 90% of the aggregate number of modern ventures, are currently confronting an extreme rivalry from their worldwide...
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