...traditional family, but yet, they system or care for one another stays the same. The role of many psychologists is to determine and interpret the effects of the family system on childhood development. The strength in the system’s structure is often a determining factor in the health of a child’s development. Social, cultural, physical, emotional and spiritual factors all take place of help mold children into who they become. Healthy Family Systems The health of a family system is most often discerned by the role parents play in their children’s lives; a parent’s presence plays a huge factor in development, as well as the strength of the system as a whole. Although each culture has its own interpretation of effective parenting, the influences a parents exposes to children play a significant role in their development, and likewise, the reactions of a child, can shape the parents as well ( Feldman, 2010, 254). When one views a cohesive and healthy family system, each member understands his or her own appropriate roles, they work together to support each other, provide protection, and well as build each other up with a set of morals and ethics. When parents do not play their appropriate roles, the negative effects that play out in a child can often be seen through lack of focus or drive, they lack social skills, or often suffer anxiety. Feldman lists different types of parenting; authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved parents who have negative effects on their...
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...Modernization is the way culture and society manifests itself through environmental, social, economic, and political changes for the good of the masses. Modernization is a worldwide movement; some of these manifestations have been positive, and indeed, progressive while other “advances” have been harmful and destructive. This paper will explore the consequences and trends of modernization, several different theories of modernization, and what possibilities it has for the future. Modernization is characterized by four key elements, which are committees becoming smaller in exchange for larger urban developments (cities), and the desire for individualized choice and the development of diversified societies. Modernization has been transforming society for thousands of years, developing ideas to help people with daily task to better that person’s life. This, of course, was the purpose of the industrial revolution during the late 1700s, (Macionis, p. 485). This industrialization period, which began in England and the United Kingdom, led to the extensive growth of Europe’s ability to produce. There were significant population growth in urban areas and increased earning potential for limited and unskilled laborers. This period was also marked with poor living conditions, limited changes for education, and little regulation for child labor. The highs and lows that coincide with events of the industrial revolution are often seen when discussing modernization. The good of the industrial...
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...Sociology 201 Spring 2016 2/9/2016 Types of Societies. 1. Hunting and Gathering Societies 2. Horticultural and pastoral Societies 3. Agrarian Societies 4. Industrial Societies 5. Postindustrial Societies 1. Hunting and Gathering Society is the society of people that have their sustenance dependent on hunting wild animals, fishing, and gathering wild fruits, berries, nuts, and vegetables to support their diet. Before humans started to plant their foods and keep animals or tend animals for domestic use, all humans’ societies were hunter and gatherers. Hunter-Gathering societies are usually mobile, moving from one place to another in other to look for foods and water. The type of division of labor practiced by this type of society was solely based on gender, men will hunt while women gathers. This period can be traced back to about ten thousand years ago, and there are still some part of the world that can be classified as Hunter-Gatherers today, but they are very few and not easy to come by. Most often, these societies live in isolated and less hospitable areas like rain forests, savanna area. An example will be the Hadza society in the Eastern rift valley of Northern Tanzania. 2. Horticultural and Pastoral societies are the societies that cultivates...
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...1. Perform research (minimum of 2 sources in APA format). 2. Identify the country cluster (as identified in the text) for both your Domestic and Global environments; choose different clusters. 3. Include sociocultural factors that may help and hinder the company and its operations in 2 different cluster countries. 4. Evaluate their successes and/or failures. 5. Minimum 4 complete paragraphs; a paragraph is a minimum of 100 words. Clustering countries together based on their cultural values can bring an understanding of the similarities and differences across cultures. The Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) study took sixty-two societies and grouped them into ten clusters based on the overall similarities using nine value orientations (Thomas & Inkson, 2009). Each country cluster share factors such as common language, religion, economic system and political boundaries. The United States which is the domestic environment for Proctor & Gamble (P&G) is part of the Anglo cluster with countries such as Canada, England, and Ireland, and China is part of the Confucian Asia cluster with countries such as Japan, South Korea, and Singapore. One of the sociocultural factors that could hinder P&G in their global environment is language. The packaging and labeling of their products or promotional materials need to be properly translated to avoid confusion. Proper translation of promotional material should...
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...FIVE META-TRENDS THAT ARE CHANGING OUR WORLD* explored by David Pearce Snyder Consulting Futurist INTRODUCTION Last year, I received an e-mail from a long-time Australian client, requesting “five meta-trends that will have the largest impact on global human psychology.” The wording of the brief request gave the impression that they were ordering five off-the-shelf commodities which we could pull from stock and ship in seven days. Moreover, the term “meta-trend,” while increasingly in common use, lacks specificity as a contract deliverable. I asked them to describe what they meant by “meta-trend.” The client, The Meikle Files (www.meiklefiles.com.au), provides leadership development and career coaching for executives of multi-national firms. They replied that they were looking for “future trends that would most powerfully affect human consciousness and behavior around the world.” The Greek root “meta” clearly denotes a transformational or transcendent phenomenon, not simply a big, pervasive one. A Google search on “meta-trend” turned up a rich diversity of uses, almost all of which clearly involve convergent or catalytic change, as opposed to linear or sequential change. “The Oxford English Dictionary and Google,” I wrote back to the client, “agree that ‘meta-trend’ would most appropriately be defined as an evolutionary, system-wide development arising from the simultaneous occurrence of a number of individual demographic, economic and technologic trends.” “Each of your...
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...and how globalization has emerged in the territory of Niumi. Some of the examples of events around the world that Wright attributes Niumi’s globalization to include: slaves in Portugal, American policies, women’s emerging roles, and the death of Mansa Wali, along with talking about Niumi’s history. The Niumi came into the world system beginning with the spread of Islam, Mandinka political influences and trans-Saharan trade. All of these factors led Niumi into globalization and strengthened their community. The activities of the Muslim traders, the Christian Portuguese, and Luso-Africans brought new ways of life to the area. Iron bars, new plants, and animals were only a few of the advances in globalization these people brought to Niumi. Wright makes a point to talk about Niumi’s dependence on the world market over the course of the eighteenth century due to their declining of imported raw materials and the growth of consumer and nonproductive goods. In the chapters about the colonial period Wright focuses on the destruction of the Niumi state and how the British Empire was a huge influence on its Gambian colony. Niumi became “one of the areas of low-cost production for the expanding world economy” specializing in large-scale peanut production and exporting, and also attracting seasonal farmers from neighboring colonies (p 126). While production was increasing, the education system and medical treatment were extremely lacking in this era for Niumi residents. A sign of globalization...
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...Intro There are lots of theories about what civilization type we’ll get to. Experts and futurists all over the globe are trying to calculate wether we’ll make it. Humans are probably going to get to type 2 in the next 1000 years. We are at type zero, but are developing fast. We’ll have to overcome obstacles along the way, and also people are already thinking about type 3, making type 2 seem very possible. Civilization Types Explanation Civilizations are rated by their energy use, and source. It is on a scale called the Kardashev scale that was created by a Russian Astrophysicist called Nikolai Kardashev, hence the name. The scale runs from type one to type six. type one is a civilization that is able to harness the full energy if its planet. A type two civilization is where a civilization can harness the full energy of its mother star (in our case, the sun). And Type three is where a civilization colonizes different planets and is galactic. The next three types are quite out there. Type four is going from galactic, to universal and controlling all galaxy’s in the observable universe. Type five is controlling a multiverse, and type six is practically becoming a god and exceeding space and time. Where are we at now? We are a type zero civilization. We don’t have access to all of our planet's energy. All we use today is fossil fuels, and they are running out fast. We need to find a way to harness other types of energy, so we can become a type one civilization. We could use the...
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...The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an organisation ofSouth Asian nations, which was established on 8 December 1985 when the government of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka formally adopted its charter providing for the promotion of economic and social progress, cultural development within the South Asia region and also for friendship and co-operation with other developing countries. It is dedicated to economic, technological, social, and cultural development emphasising collective self-reliance. Its seven founding members are Sri Lanka, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Afghanistan joined the organisation in 2007. Meetings of heads of state are usually scheduled annually; meetings of foreign secretaries, twice annually. It is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. The objectives and the aims of the Association as defined in the Charter are:[3] • to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and to improve their quality of life; • to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region and to provide all individuals the opportunity to live in dignity and to realise their full potential ; • to promote and strengthen selective self-reliance among the countries of South Asia; • to contribute to mutual trust, understanding and appreciation of one another's problems; • to promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in the economic, social, cultural, technical...
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...19 March 2012 Executive Brief – Bonefish Grill Bonefish Grill currently operates in the United States with 152 locations in 28 states. The purpose of this executive brief is to determine if Bonefish Grill should expand internationally. OSI Restraints is the parent company of Bonefish Grill they also own the Outback and Carrabba’s brands. The primary benefit of expanding internally is that Bonefish would gain access to a larger market. Disadvantages of expanding internationally include risks that their product would not fit well with the country they invest in and the obstacles associated with establishing a global supply chain. Bonefish should not expand internationally instead they should focus on expanding domestically. With only 145 (OSI Restaurant Partners) locations they have not yet saturated their domestic market therefore they do not yet have a need to gain access to a larger international market. Outback currently has 778 (OSI Restaurant Partners) domestic restaurants and Carrabba’s has 233 domestic restaurants showing that Bonefish still have a large opportunity to grow in the U.S. before pursuing international expansion. All but seven of Bonefish’s locations are company-owned and thus allowing for higher profits. An international expansion would work best using either a franchise or joint venture that would better allow for a localization strategy and bring local experience to a new restaurant. However, with the franchise or joint venture model OSI’s profits would...
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...that a theory does not provide a definite solution to success. Instead, theories are merely “a set of assumptions, propositions, or accepted facts that attempts to provide a plausible or rational explanation of cause-and-effect relationship among a group of observed phenomenon.” These ‘acceptable facts’ will in turn shape a business’s goals to obtain success within their respective industry. Writer, and business theorist himself, Riad Ajami explains, “Theories of trade have evolved over time, beginning with the emergence of strong nation-states and the organization for systematic exchanges of goods among these nations”. (Ajami, 48) Throughout this document, six business environments (domestic, global, technological, political-legal, sociocultural, and economic) will be explored, in regards to how these environments affect the ongoing evolution of future business theories. Business theorists have changed the way people do business, not only from a domestic standpoint, but on a global level as well. The domestic and global environments are primarily based on demand conditions. ‘Conditions’ of a business theory can in turn be used in a business’s growth strategy, known as product-customer expansion. “Under this approach, the venture attempts to expand both into new products and new customers…If you want to increase sales revenues, you must develop new products, pursue new customers, or both.” (Coulter, 329) However, business leaders must have a firm understanding of all of...
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...ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY Conclusion H. Russell Bernard and Pertti J. Pelto In putting together this collection of papers we have become aware of two things. First, each of the cases is historically unique and interesting – they can all stand on their own without need for further interpretation. Second, these cases contain important clues and guidelines which point to a more general theory of technology and sociocultural change. They do not go far enough to allow us to frame up such a theory, but they provide the inductive impetus for relating these examples to the wider system of theory building in anthropology. In the first edition of this book we were not yet ready to elaborate even the outlines of such a theory, but the ensuing 15 years have given us plenty of new materials, as well as general growth in various aspects of theoretical social science. We can now offer a theoretical synthesis, and show how this synthesis can lead directly to the testing of specific hypotheses. That technology is a key element in all human affairs, and especially in sociocultural change, has long been central to anthropological thinking (Barnett, 1953; Foster, 1973; Steward, 1956; White, 1959). Yet, after several collections of case materials on social change (Spicer, 1952; Paul, 1955; Niehoff, 1966; and the earlier edition of this book), and various other forays into the role of technology (for example, the growing number of studies of hydroelectric projects by applied researchers), we...
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...Canada as a Post-Industrial Country Canada’s practices of work and work values have been evolving throughout history. From the early days when agriculture dominated the economy, to the gradual transition into manufacturing and processing, we can see that Canada’s economy is always changing. More recently, we are seeing a similar shift from manufacturing to the service sector of the economy. This paper provides an analysis of Canadian society and whether we can be considered a post-industrial country. A society tends to be classified according to the degree to which different groups within that society have unequal access to rewards such as resources, status, or power. Although humans have established many types of societies over time, I will focus on defining two main categories including industrial and post-industrial society. Industrial societies are driven by the use of machines and factories to enable mass production. They are generally characterized by the use of external energy sources to increase the rate and scale of production. Industrialization brought about changes in almost every aspect of society. As factories became the center of work, urbanization became desirable and large cities emerged. Wage work and job specialization allowed more efficient means to manufacture goods, but also lead to a more complex division of labour. Post-industrial societies are based on information, knowledge, and the selling of services. This society develops at a stage when the...
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...How does globalization influence health and lifestyle? 2012/7/26 Traditionally, globalization is welcome in a host of countries for the reason that it can increase international trade and fuel the local economic growth. Yet, a growing number of people nowadays are beginning to be concerned that transitions brought by globalization could make a negative effect on their local lifestyle and health. Widespread and overwhelming, globalization plays a vital role in people’s life. From my own perspective, health and cultural problems are the two essential issues that triggered by globalization. Admittedly, globalization reinforces cultural exchange and transmission. Nonetheless, it can undermine the local cultural identity as well. Especially, the spread of American corporation all over the world has visible and variable consequence on local culture, such as fast food chains. It is well known that food not only represents an aspect of local culture but also reveals the habits and traditions in society. For example (Cited in Source Work, 2012, p.179), the French unique cuisine reflects their culture, which makes the French feel more proud. Because of their sense of pride, quite a few French people have started to be concerned that the U.S. fast food chains would crowd out their own products. Besides food products, restaurant chains can influence both eating habits and traditions. For instance (Cited in Source Work, 2012, p.179), Starbucks, in Italy, gives rise to widely cultural...
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...beginning, religion was a way for early humans to explain any unknown factor in their lives. Question 2. What social issues arose because of this cultural makeup? Because different groupings of humans developed different cultures, misunderstandings and disagreements over land became more common. If two groups could not understand each other, it is easy to get offended without cause. Wars lead to the development of armies and more food production. The development of tools lead to the development of weapons. Religious wars also became common as different cultures worshiped different deities. Question 3. What were the main cultural influences on early civilizations? In the beginning, the main influences were the desire for food, clothing, warmth, and housing for their families. In later times, food, housing, region, and the security were the influences present. Tools were developed all through history as a way to create the thing’s that...
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...Maasai villagers, Tehranians, Americans—each is a society. But what does this mean? Exactly what is a society? In sociological terms, society refers to a group of people who live in a definable community and share the same culture. On a broader scale, society consists of the people and institutions around us, our shared beliefs, and our cultural ideas. Daily life always changes, it can be hard one day and joyful the next, but daily life has changed so much between preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial society. Before the Industrial Revolution and the widespread use of machines, societies were small, rural, and dependent largely on local resources. Economic production was limited to the amount of labor a human being could provide, and there were few specialized occupations. The very first occupation was that of hunter-gatherer. Hunter-gatherer societies demonstrate the strongest dependence on the environment of the various types of preindustrial societies. These groups were based around tribes. Hunter-gatherers relied on their surroundings for survival—they hunted wild animals and foraged for plants for food. When resources became low, the group moved to a new area to find food. These societies were common until several hundred years ago, but today only a few hundred remain in existence, such as indigenous Australian tribes sometimes referred to as “aborigines,” or the Bambuti, a group of pygmy hunter-gatherers residing in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Hunter-gatherer...
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