...GCE Sociology Advanced GCE Unit G674: Exploring Social Inequality and Difference Mark Scheme for June 2012 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range of qualifications to meet the needs of candidates of all ages and abilities. OCR qualifications include AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, OCR Nationals, Functional Skills, Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT, business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills. It is also responsible for developing new specifications to meet national requirements and the needs of students and teachers. OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society. This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and students, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners. It does not indicate the details of the discussions which took place at an examiners’ meeting before marking commenced. All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the published question papers and the...
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...Sexual activity among young adults has remained a longstanding sociological issue in America. The societal changes witnessed throughout America over the last several decades have been immense; and the root and fabrication of the American family has been altered from such change. In this paper, I will seek to understand teen and young adult sexual relationships aged 14-22 by identifying ways such intimacy connects to gender, age, education, parenting, health, and race to find any possible correlations, specifically hypothesizing that inferior education can be associated with or help to promote heightened sexual activity at a young age. Furthermore, the larger hypothesis of this research paper suggests that when all of the previously mentioned sociological classes (gender, age, etc.) are inferior, one will more likely have sexual encounters at a younger age. Many different socioeconomic issues have an impact on a young adult's sex life, and such examples serve as an illustration to understand a broader range of sociological trends in the United States. Background Information To prepare for this paper's hypothesis, it was prudent to incorporate well-documented sociological research from various studies and academic journals. Primarily, the sources used from this paper findings in this paper were done from university professors in the field of sociology. While much of the research initially found was from contemporary studies, additional information has been attained to help acknowledge...
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...The Sociological Perspective John J. Macionis explains the sociological perspective as a special point of view that takes a look at how particular groups of people in society are influenced in making choices, feel and even the way they think. These are general patterns that occur in our daily lives and all around the world but differing from one social group to another. Macionis teaches us that our way of living is influenced by the particular group in society which we belong to. Unconsciously all our choices come from what society expects from us, either being our level of education, the partner we decide to marry, the amount of kids we decide to raise or even where we decide to live. The groups we belong in are based on economic status, gender, race, religion, age group etc. for example students attending college are fairly young because that is the specific age group that society expects to attend college. Moreover the level of education students achieve is determined by the economic status they hold because as education goes higher costs also goes higher, hence the institutions chosen by high income versus low income students differ. The amount of kids we decide to raise may be influenced by the education available on contraceptives which is very limited in poor countries. Whom we decide to marry and where we live is also influenced by economic status as we can see here in Belize that major political leaders live in the cities. The sociological perspective allows us...
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...1. Name two ways in which a woman’s household roles impact her work outside the home. One way that a woman's household roles impact her work outside of the home would be if a woman were to become pregnant. Even if the woman is successful in her designated field of work, traditional beliefs and beliefs of the younger generation lean towards the woman staying home to tend to the child. Although the younger generation doesn’t specifically state that it will be the woman’s responsibility to stay at home, it is more often than not the female as noted by Lindsey (2011). Another way in which a woman’s household roles impact her work outside of the home is when it comes to hiring and promotion. As noted by Lindsey (2011), married women with children are often considered a liability as employers feel that women will favor their family over the workplace when the corporate and family life juggling act occurs. This impacts women with children in the workplace as they can be seen as unreliable and less dedicated. This is unfortunate as many fathers have to struggle with work and family, but that fact doesn’t affect them in the same what that it does women. Lindsey, L. (2011). Global Perspectives of Gender. Gender Roles A Sociological Perspective (pp.272-301). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. Prentice Hall. 2. How does stereotyping related to the female gender role impede female managers as they perform their corporate roles and as they strive for upward mobility in those roles...
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...Section A: Education 0 1 Explain what is meant by the term ... (2 marks) • Meritocracy: such as equal opportunity or a system in which rewards are based on achievement/ability or similar. Partial answer: [fair rewards] • Immediate gratification: wanting rewards now, or leaving school as soon as possible to get a job, or similar. • Cultural capital: the values, etc that the middle class transmit to their children or that confer advantage in the education system. • Compensatory education: additional educational opportunities/resources directed at deprived or under-achieving pupils. • Cultural deprivation: a lack or deficit of values (or of norms, attitudes, skills or knowledge). Partial answer [immediate gratification / a lack of culture] • Vocational education: relating to a career or specific work roles. • Ethnocentric curriculum: the subjects taught in school being biased towards one particular culture. One mark for a partially satisfactory answer. 02 Suggest three ways/reasons ... (6 marks) Two marks for each of three appropriate ways. One mark will be awarded where there is a partially appropriate answers. Marxists see school as being similar to the world of work: • A hierarchy of authority • Fragmentation of work/learning • Extrinsic rewards • Based on competition • Alienation • Status differences. Boys’ educational under-achievement: • Lack of male teacher role models • Feminisation...
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...AQA AS Sociology SCLY2: Education with Sociological Research Methods Student Guide Introduction According to sociologist Michael Rutter we spend 15000 hours in the education system. Consequently the schooling process has a large role in forming our personalities. For some, education also manages to act as a way of socialising people into the norms and values that are seen to be important for a particular society. For others it can be seen as a source of conflict particularly when issues surrounding gender, class and ethnicity are put under the sociologists, ‘microscope’. It also provides an excellent indicator of how political ideology affects social policy, with the changing of governments impacting on educational policy. Some questions sociologists are interested in about education are: * Why do some pupils achieve more than others? * What is the relationship between education and the economy? * What is the purpose of education? * Do pupil’s school experiences vary? Assessment The course will be assessed by examination only. The examination will consist of various short answer question and essay style questions. Date of Exam: June 2010 Duration: 2 hr The Unit 2 exam is worth 60% of your final AS level grade. There will be 90 marks available on the paper. You will answer one question on the chosen topic, one question on sociological research methods in context and one question on research methods. Assessment Objectives ...
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...later in the term. creating successful keyword searches to find resources for your topic; using databases to find relevant articles for your topic; and, assessing the scholarly nature of a resource. Identify a topic for your essay using the lists below – this will be the same list from which you will choose your research paper topic. Pick one topic from column A and one topic from column B, and study the work in that area (for example, race and education). You may choose any combination. A Race Age Gender Immigration B Social Movements Health Poverty Crime This assignment is an annotated bibliography containing five peer-reviewed sociology journal articles on your topic. Submit this annotated bibliography (it should be about one page, single-spaced) to www.schoology.com, before noon on Monday, June 30, 2014. Go to the following link: Then Select: JSTOR PART 1: LIBRARY RESEARCH (Finding Articles): http://library.northsouth.edu/OnlineJournals.php Let’s say you were interested in finding articles on the topic of class and education (use your own keywords from the "A" and "B" lists here). USE ADVANCED SEARCH (right under the search box) Introduction to Sociology SOC101 Summer 2014...
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...reflection: 1.2 Reflect on and discuss some of the underlying causes of world hunger? * Historical Factors * Cultural Factors * Structural Factors * Critical Factors (Germov, 2014, p. 7, 8). During this assessment I am going to be using the factors from Germovs Sociological Imagination template. Step 2: Reflect upon and analyse your experiences in relation to the topic of the question from step 1, using factors from Willis’ Sociological Imagination Template. There are many factors that are involved in the underlying causes of world hunger some factors include: environmental conditions such as climate change, high temperatures and humidity, natural disasters, land rights, lack of democracy and ownership, crop insect infestations, famine, war and corruption, economic causes, socio cultural causes, microbial growth, excessive food wastage, political and governmental factors, limited access to education and educational supplies and a lack of infrastructure and thus no way to manufacture products or ship them to the rest of the world (Holland, 2013). World hunger and the underlying causes are advertised in various ways on a daily basis through social media. These charity organizations primarily target the impacts and effects world hunger has on the world population. Charities promoting hunger have defiantly made me visualise world hunger in a different aspect, opening my eyes to the massive worldwide issue affecting many lives right this moment. Well-known charitable organizational...
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...Government policies are an amendment that is close to what could be described as a suggestive law, known as a social policy which will be used to improve, impact, or change aspects of society. Sociological research and government policies work together in that when sociologists collect results and data on subjects in which there is a problem within society, it allows the government to place policies to counteract the problems found in society by the sociological research. sociologists solely research social problems, such as poverty and divorce etc. and therefore some of the studies conducted have had massive influence on both government perceptions of underclass society as well as in the lives and well being of the public within the society being studied. As a result many of the key elements of research conducted are taken into consideration when new government policies are taken into consideration. However although some sociological research such as Murray's research on 'the underclass dependency culture, directly linked to the government policy / social policy that was then passed to help the older generations to live without depending on the younger members of the family. Positivists and Functionalists believe that sociology is a science and therefore they believe they can discover solutions to many of the problems in society. A key idea that Functionalists believe is that they see society as a system (Parsons), they believe that there are different parts to it and together...
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...Sociological imagination is the capacity of how situations happen in a wide society, and are influenced by other individuals and situations within. One key element in sociological imagination is the ability to view an individual’s society as an outside world, rather that only from the perspective of personal experiences and cultural norms. Sociological imagination allows researchers to go beyond one’s personal experiences to understand broader public issues. It explains the classic distinction between public issues and personal problems. Personal problems are issues that are affecting an individual, as well as other members of a society. Public issues are those whose source is in a social structure/culture that are affecting many individuals....
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...to speak until the teacher calls on them and to regulate their activities according to clocks or bells. This learning experience is referred to as: Question 3 When leaders imprison or even execute political dissidents, they are applying: Question 4 According to which sociological perspective did the media begin expressing concern about downsizing only when it began to impact managers and white-collar workers? Question 5 In a public high school, certain teachers are assigned to work with college preparatory students, while others work with students who plan to go directly into the business world. This is an example of the bureaucratic characteristic of: Question 6 Which of the following groups currently has the highest infant mortality rate in the United States? Question 7 In comparison with men, women have lower rates of: Question 8 According to Dalton Conley, Ph.D. of New York University, __________ is one way social inequality is exemplified in health. Question 9 Medicine serves as an agent of social control. It has even attempted to guard its jurisdiction by placing health care professionals such as chiropractors and nurse-midwives outside the realm of acceptable medicine. Which sociological perspective would likely view medicine in this manner? Question 10 Although industrialized nations such as Japan, the United States and the United Kingdom, have been the leading contributors to air pollution, developing countries such as ¬¬¬¬¬-___________, are quickly catching...
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...document: * Use the extract from the mark scheme and examiners’ advice to create essay plans of the questions. * You may not have heard of all of the concepts in the mark scheme but there should be at least some that are familiar to you. * The examiner’s advice usually outlines bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes; education; childcare; child protection; sexuality; immigration may be discussed Analysis and evaluation may be developed, for instance by comparing the impact of different policies/laws or by discussing perspectives on social policy and the family (eg New Right, feminist, functionalist etc) From the examiner’s report: The most successful answers were able to identify relevant policies...
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...influence on social policy, and varies from government to government but the extent of which has been thoroughly debated. Social policies are put in place in order to address the needs of the population in terms of welfare, housing, health, education, law and order and employment. The influence sociology can have on social policy includes; electoral popularity, ideological policy and preferences of government, interest groups, globalization and its impact, critical sociology, costs and funding sources. However, there is a definite correlation between the sociological researches being compromised by too close a relationship with the funding bodies. Modern sociologists hold the view that sociological research has an impact on social policy by providing practical solutions to social problems such as unemployment, educational failure and so on. They share the view that this kind of research is able to address key issues within society, gain empirical evidence and find the root cause of such problems. On the one hand Positivists and Functionalists will state the view that social policies are ‘piecemeal social engineering’ and accept that sociological view do influence social policy making. Durkheim will hold the view that the meritocratic education system benefits society and promotes social cohesion and solidarity. He saw sociology as a way of restoring order in a society conquered by industrialization and strengthening integration and social stability. Linking into social policy, fundamentalists...
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...“This is a story of two boys living in Baltimore with similar histories and an identical name: Wes Moore. One of us is free… The other will spend every day until his death behind bars...” (Moore, XI) In The Other Wes Moore, the author, Wes Moore, and the other Wes Moore both grew up in similar, yet different, circumstances and had completely different outcomes. This captivating narrative demonstrates how the choices you make, make you. In the introduction, the author Wes Moore validates this statement by saying, “The chilling truth is that his story could have been mine. The tragedy is that my story could have been his.” (Moore XI) The author, Wes Moore, shows the readers that a person’s environment, circumstances, education (or lack thereof), choices/decisions, and many more important factors can determine one’s success or failure. Society holds great power and influences the choices you make, and eventually the paths you decide to take in life. Two people with the same name grew up in similar backgrounds and similar neighborhoods, and yet had different fates all because of the choices they decided to make. The author Wes Moore, born to a poor family, struggled academically and was sent to a military school. While there, he was forced to adjust to the change of environment. In the end, the author Wes Moore grew up to be a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of John Hopkins, a Rhodes Scholar, a veteran, a business leader, and a White House Fellow while he namesake did the complete opposite...
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...Greg Zurman SPMG1011 MWF: 11:45-12:35 Dr. Branvold April 20, 2012 Annotated Bibliography 1. Title: The Cultural Impact of Sports – Start Them Young Source: Sherlip, Adam, and Russell Scibetti. The Business of Sports . N.p., 16 Dec. 2008. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. <http://www.thebusinessofsports.com/2008/12/16/the-cultural-impact-of-sports-%E2%80%93-start-them-young/>. Author: Adam Shelip and Russell Scibetti Date: December 16, 2008 Sociological Topic: Cultural Impact of Sports Summary: This article is how hockey is bringing different cultural together. It states how a Russian hockey player has turned the city of Washington D.C. into a hockey town. This article also talks about Project Hope which an initiative of the New York Islander to go over to China and teach the kids about hockey. Basically this article talks about how sport is bringing different cultures together. 2. Title: Pros and Cons of Sports Competition at the High School Level Source: Chen, Grace. Public School Review. N.p., 31 Dec. 2008. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. <http://www.publicschoolreview.com/articles/67>. Author: Grace Chen Date: December 31, 2008 Sociological Topic: Competition Summary: This article is about how competition within high schools sports is high than ever and how teenagers have to learn to balance their athleticism with potential dangers. This article talks about the negative effects competition can have on teenagers wanting nothing more, but to win. This article...
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