...In the world today there is a massive amount of controversy about the reliability of the scriptures in the Bible. The two arguments that I found quite compelling is THE EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS THAT THE BIBLE IS FROM GOD and THE UNITY OF THE MESSAGE FROM DIFFERENT HUMAN SOURCES. The 1st argument “THE EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS THAT THE BIBLE IS FROM GOD.” In the book Theology for Today (chap 5 pg. 4) it states, “Old Testament prophets used expressions like “thus saith the LORD or “The word of the LORD came unto . . . .” These expressions are themselves among the strongest arguments for accepting the Bible. Concerning the expressions “Word of the Lord” (debhar Yahweh), B. B. Warfield writes that it “is at once the simplest and the most colorless designation of a Divine communication.” He then goes on to note, “Both phrases [‘Word of the Lord’ and ‘Law of the Lord’] are used for any Divine communication of whatever extent; and both came to be employed to express the entire body of Divine revelation, conceived as a unitary whole . . . and both passed into the NT with these implications.” The way that God gave us the Bible is a confirmation and delineation of His affection for us. The expression "disclosure" or “revelation” essentially implies that God imparted to humankind what He is similar to and how we can have a right association with Him. These are things that we couldn't have known had God not perfectly uncovered them to us in the Bible. Despite the fact that God's disclosure of Himself...
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...Essay Ethics Essay 3a) i) examine the arguments for and against the view that morality is independent of religion? ii) To what extent are these arguments convincing I am going to examine the arguments for and against the view that morality is independent on religion, by examining the argument from both sides, then looking at their strengths and weaknesses and then I will conclude with my line of argument. The first argument I am going to examine is for the statement, which is Plato’s Euthyphro. Plato stated that “is something good because God says its good or does God say it is good because it is good”. This means that do we do good things because God says is good or do we do good things so than God says that it is good. Another argument I am going to examine, is for the statement, and it is an argument based on a group of people called Anti-Theists. They don’t believe in God, so they agree with the statement. However, Anti-Theists like Richard Dawkins say that anyone who believes in religion or in a god is an extremist and it clouds and distorts your view on morality. The next argument that I am going to examine is what some people in the world think, but it is based around Cultural Relativists, who say that if morality was decided for by God then he could say one day to murder somebody and it would be fine. This would then agree with the statement above. An argument I’m going to examine is The Devine Command Theory. This argument goes against the statement as it says...
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...and extremely important. In the midst of the Pacific War with Japan, the United States president, Harry S. Truman, was left to decide whether or not to use the most powerful weapon at the time. Many Americans had conflicting views, striving to convince each other of their opinion on the topic. For example, while Robert Oppenheimer, the director of the Manhattan Project, would obviously try to convince the public that the detonation of the atomic bomb was inevitable, others would disagree, going as far as to send the president petitions to try to prevent the imposing nuclear destruction. Although the American population argued both sides, Harry Truman finally decided to detonate two atomic bombs over the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Following this critical decision, approximately 200,000 people perished in the two Japanese cities, leading to the Japanese surrender only a few days later. The three texts that were displayed differed from each other since the first article presented more statistical arguments in the form of logos and the second article presented more ethos and pathos approaches; however, the texts were similar since both of their purposes was to convince the president, or population, of the positive and negative effects of the atomic bomb. Although the other two articles demonstrated powerful arguments, the speech written by Robert Oppenheimer provided a more developed use of logos, pathos, and ethos, better appealed to the audience, and implemented powerful scientific...
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...Critical analysis “Be more critical! More analysis needed! That’s what my tutors say about my essays. I’m not really sure what they mean.” “I thought I had written a really good assignment this time. I did so much reading and preparation for it, but my tutor’s feedback is ‘not enough argument.’ I’m not sure what to do now. I mean, I’m not an argumentative person - and I don’t really want to be.” One of the most important skills you will need to learn as a student, whatever your discipline is the ability to think critically and objectively about an issue and to present a well-constructed argument. Critical and analytical-thinking skills such as these will be essential to most aspects of your study, whether you are listening to lectures, contributing to seminars, or reading about your subject. Here, we will be focusing mainly on critical analysis for written work, as nothing gains or loses marks more for most student assignments than the quality of your written argument. Argument here doesn’t mean disagreement or unpleasantness. It simply means presenting a strong case to support a point of view. You don’t have to be an argumentative person to do this: on the contrary, good critical writing means using reasons and evidence to support your stand point. The first rule is: Identify the focus of the assignment Good critical analysis isn’t simply about writing. Before you start any assignment, you need to be clear about your focus. At university, this usually means thinking critically...
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...audience, purpose, and context can affect an argument. Notice it or not arguments take place in our everyday lives, as ridiculous as it may sound it is absolutely true. Some people believe that arguments can better be solved through verbal altercations and fist fights, however a successful argument is one that is calm collective and appropriate. An argument is affected by the audience, purpose, and context. There are two different types of arguments traditional argument and consensual argument. A traditional argument is having proof of what you are arguing so that you can target your audience members to agree with the side of the argument that you are on. Some examples of a traditional argument are public debate, courtroom argument, single-perspective argument and one-on-one everyday argument. A consensual argument is when the possibility of an argument is brought about by arguers who acknowledge different points of view and work to identify a combination of views that are acceptable to the majority of the audience members. Some examples of a consensual argument are dialectic, academic inquiry, negotiation and mediation, and internal argument. In order for an argument to be successful it needs to have an issue which is the problem or situation of which the argument is about. A successful argument must also have an arguer it can be one or more people who have different perspectives of whatever the subject may be. A successful argument must also include an audience, an audience...
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...Two opposing films best reveal the controversy and confusion surrounding fracking. These two documentaries are GasLand by Josh Fox and FrackNation by Phelim McAleer. Due to the many holes in GasLand’s logical reasoning, it is evident that FrackNation presents the better argument. GasLand is riddled with logical fallacies. Perhaps the most prevalent logical fallacy in GasLand is card stacking. Most of Josh Fox’s argument revolves around listing long chemical names and substances as a scare tactic. However, the audience is given no context as to what the chemicals are. This makes the substances appear to be much more toxic than they really are and can be misleading to viewers. Fox deliberately fails to acknowledge the fact that there is a threshold that draws the line between benign and hazardous chemicals. When this fallacy is uncovered by McAleer, Fox’s credibility is questionable and his contention is far less convincing. Josh Fox’s use of logical fallacies weaken his argument....
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...the various arguments surrounding the question of whether alcoholics (or other substance abusers, or individuals whose “lifestyle choices/behaviors” have resulted in organ damage) should compete equally, or not, for scarce human organs. Here you’ll want to draw on at least some of the positions defended by Moss & Seigler (“Should Alcoholics Compete Equally for Organ Transplants?”), or the many opposing positions in the online etc., literature, though you don’t necessarily have to limit yourself to those arguments 2) Comprehensively review the ethical arguments made for, and against, “surrogacy for hire” agreements. What are some of the ways the practice has been defended. What are some of the ethical criticisms of surrogacy (see much available online). Which do you think are the most convincing arguments? In presenting your own position, make an effort to respond to the claims of the opposition. 3) Many of the same ethical questions surrounding surrogate motherhood also appear in recent debates regarding other “reproductive technologies” (unauthorized use of eggs/embryos, research exploitation of desperate potential parents, consent agreements, “custody” fights over egg/sperm, freezing eggs, lack of review board oversight, etc.). Imagine yourself as a member of a national “Bioethics Review Committee” charged with making recommendations regarding these new technologies. Write a “position paper” reviewing what you consider to be the most important...
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...writing used the most textisms. And the younger they received their first phone, the higher their scores” (Crystal 345). This supports the authors claim that if children did not have considerable literacy awareness they would not be good at texting. This is effective because strong positive links between the uses of texting with pre-teens tend to have success with Standard English language. An audience of parents would find this convincing because parents tent to punish their children for over texting. Therefore, this allows the author to proved evidence from latest studies at Coventry University on how texting and pre-teens owning a phone will help them score higher scores in English. Overall this strategy strengthens the author’s argument because, parents don’t not like their children texting at a young age and think it will make them lazy in school. Another strategy Crystal employs is that initializing the English language has been recorded since 1618. For example, Crystal states,” People have been initializing common phrases for ages. IOU is known from 1618” (338). He also includes different initialing from texting for example “lol” for (“laughing out loud”) and earlier text language like “Swalk” (“sealed with a loving kiss”). This helps the author to prove that texting was use before the invention of cell phones or any type of electronic device for texting. An audience of educators and parents that would find this convincing because they were initializing most of their life...
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...today? . . . the most useful designation I have found for them is Digital Natives.” Today’s young people have never lived in a time without Internet access. Prensky created the term digital natives to describe these young people. This term is meant to describe a young generation that is quite familiar with and proficient at using digital media. However, this is not always true. Mary Ann Harlan discusses this problem with calling the younger generation digital natives in her essay Deconstructing Digital Natives. This metaphor conveys a full competency with technology, when many young people lack what Harlan calls digital literacy. She maintains...
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...in a variety of ways particularly in regards to low wages provided workers and poor working conditions and environment. This paper intends to evaluate Jeff Ballinger’s argument against Nike, as well as determine how convincing Nike’s response was to Ballinger’s allegations. Lastly, strategies are provided as to how Nike moves forward after the smoke of the crisis has cleared. Evaluation of Jeff Ballinger’s argument against Nike Ballinger’s main argument that “any company has a significant obligation towards even its lowliest workers” is a very convincing one on many levels—social, ethical, and financial. Companies, such as Nike, make large profits and benefit tremendously from workers’ low wages in their international manufacturing companies. After reviewing Exhibit 1 (Nike Inc. Financial History 1989-1999) and Exhibit 4 (Summary of Revenue and Expense Profile of Minimum Wage Workers by Demographic Type) it would appear that Nike could indeed offer its workers higher wages at least to a level where workers can survive and help their families, some additional benefits, and provide safer working environments in the manufacturing plants in the countries that Nike inhibits. Additionally, from further research and the general tone of the case study it appears that Ballinger may have personally had some issues with Nike and all that it stood for and represented. Furthermore, due to this personal dislike, Ballinger made an example out of Nike although other corporations...
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...Review Question 1) When I encountered the word argument, I thought that, argument was the disagreement between two opposition where person is defending his or hers point of view. After reading the chapter. I think argument is selling an arguer point of view, or convincing the targeted audience about the topic or argument with the help of evidence. Argument is also finding the common ground to solve the issue. 2) Traditional argument: Argument, where arguer often argue with the available persuasion to convince or to agree his or her audience with them. Example: I) President Obama was talking about the gun control action, and tightening the gun laws. II) A sales person is convincing the customer that, the particular car has a high resale...
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...Analysis of an argument 1. The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods. “Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its twenty-fifth birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.” Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion. Citing facts drawn from the color-film processing industry that indicate a downward trend in the costs of film processing over a 24-year period, the author argues that Olympic Foods will likewise be able to minimize costs and thus maximize profits in the future. In support of this conclusion...
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...debate: 5 4 3 2 1 3. The presentation of information was clear and easy to follow: 5 4 3 2 1 4. The presenter demonstrated a strong knowledge of the topic: 5 4 3 2 1 5. The presenter used a clear, concise style during the debate: 5 4 3 2 1 6. The presenter clearly summarized the major debate points: 5 4 3 2 1 7. My overall impression of the presenter was favorable: 5 4 3 2 1 8. The presenter made a strong and convincing case: 5 4 3 2 1 Discuss the parts of the debate you found most effective: * Bringing in numbers of how female coaches are underpaid compared to male coaches were very interesting. * Also effective message about lower prize money in female sports events. Suggest any ways in which the presenter could improve the debate: * Little argument to defend against the notion of aggression in men compared to women. I would have presented numbers and studies showing that women athletes today work just as hard as men athletes and are in just as much danger. Additional Comments: Presenter (Con Side): Steven Brodie Rate the presenter on the following criteria (5 = strongly agree, 1 = strongly disagree): SA SD 1. The presenter’s...
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...Rhetorical Strategies: Minimum Wage Whether an opinion piece is effective depends on the expertise of rhetorical strategy of an author. This can either make a written piece convincing or unconvincing to the target audience. A clear example of how rhetorical strategies make a piece more convincing is the comparison of David Laska’s, “Minimum Need for a Minimum Wage Increase”, and Shamus Khan’s, “The Promise of More: Why We Should Raise the Minimum Wage”. By using rhetorical analysis on both opinion pieces Laska clearly makes a better argument. He makes use of logos by including statistics, an expert’s research in the field of minimum wage, and historical data to attack Obama’s decision to raising the minimum wage. He includes pathos to create a sense of disappointment and hopelessness in Obama’s decision effectively to convince his mainly conservative audience. In comparison, Khan also makes use of logos by mainly focusing on historical and some statistical data to convince his more liberal target audience. He also makes use of pathos to instill a sense of remorse for minimum wage workers, and also to call the readers to action. His evidence seems a little weak though, because in one case he forces the reader to open a link for another article for evidence and it seems that his claim relies too much on pathos. First, it is important to note how the author’s ethos affects the basic effectiveness of the article since credibility of writers is vital to convince the target audience...
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...private ownership would be an adequate way to mediate the use of resources in a society, many of the justifications for private ownership yield a weakness that is reflected in the benefits to the society versus the individual. Typically the justifications for private ownership also rely on the same arguments between two central forms of ownership models being Marxism and Capitalism. Ziff even acknowledges in this article that each justification is based on the conviction that “private ownership [Capitalism] is western culture’s noblest triumph,” and subsequently fails to highlight how a common ownership system could be superior, rather than which has more weight. Many are of this contrary view that Capitalism and therefore private ownership is “not sustainable forever in a world of finite resources,” which is evidence of a large weakness in many of the justifications presented by Ziff. One of the key arguments made to support a capitalist society and in turn private property is that of economic efficiency – the basic idea that a market economy, where people have a transferable right over material objects will allocate resources efficiently to those who demand it the most. Whilst in a purely allocative sense this provides a large benefit to society, it is also an unbalanced one. Where society allocates private ownership there will be “abject poverty at one end of the wealth...
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