...Notes on Song of Solomon 2 0 1 4 E d i t i o n Dr. Thomas L. Constable Introduction TITLE In the Hebrew Bible the title of this book is "The Song of Songs." It comes from 1:1. The Septuagint and Vulgate translators adopted this title. The Latin word for song is canticum from which we get the word Canticles, another title for this book. Some English translations have kept the title "Song of Songs" (e.g., NIV, TNIV), but many have changed it to "Song of Solomon" based on 1:1 (e.g., NASB, AV, RSV, NKJV). WRITER AND DATE Many references to Solomon throughout the book confirm the claim of 1:1 that Solomon wrote this book (cf. 1:4-5, 12; 3:7, 9, 11; 6:12; 7:5; 8:11-12; 1 Kings 4:33). He reigned between 971 and 931 B.C. Richard Hess believed the writer is unknown and could have been anyone, even a woman, and that the female heroine viewed and described her lover as a king: as a Solomon.1 How could Solomon, who had 700 wives and 300 concubines (1 Kings 11:3), be the same faithful lover this book presents? He could be if he became polygamous after the events in this book took place. That seems a more likely explanation than that he was polygamous when these events occurred and just omitted reference to his other loves. Probably he wrote the book before he became polygamous. We do not know how old Solomon was when he married the second time. The history recorded in Kings and Chronicles is not in strict chronological order. The Shulammite was probably not Pharaoh's daughter in view...
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...Amanda Popular Culture Pop. Culture Essay #1 Addressing the Issue: Men’s Men and Women’s Women The vast majority of people, with the exception of transvestites and other people with physical deformities, can be put into one of two categories; man or woman. Generally, the views and expectations one has for their own gender and the views and expectations one has for the opposite gender can be described as gendered stereotypes. Although stereotypes are not always close to the truth, in some cases they can hold some weight to an argument when they present the generalized representation of a certain group or groups. In this essay I will show how gendered stereotypes are used by advertising companies to appeal to each gender. Here in the U.S., you need not go far to bear witness the very apparent signs of genderfication and gendered stereotypes, tools used by advertisers that play important roles in our consumer-styled society. One only needs to go as far as their living room couch and turn on the television to be bombarded with shows and advertisements containing gendered images of the expectations our society has for its men and women by men and women. Author Steve Craig puts these gendered ideals into four distinct categories; Men’s men, Men’s women, Women’s men, and Women’s women (Craig). For this essay I will analyze four video advertisements, and, using Craig’s criteria, I will try to see under which of his categories each advertisement would fall and why. The...
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...Abstract E-Wallet had been receiving enormous attention globally due to its high innovativeness as a secondary option to leather wallet. Usage of credit cards, cash or checks had been reduced due to the advancement of technology and emergence of e-Wallet. E-Wallet is an easy-to-use, convenient electronic prototype which acts as a secure global payment system by using only a mobile smartphone. This study is directed towards developing a model to explain the consumer's’ intention to adopt e-Wallet in the social context. It adopts Consumer Need for Uniqueness Theory based on the concept of Counter-Conformity Motivation (CCM) also known as Need For Uniqueness. Many researchers had explored the relationship of consumer’s intention to adopt on the technological usage context. However, little research in social context had been carried out. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the factors affecting the consumer adoption intention in social context. This paper found that CCM, self-identity and word-of-mouth (WOM) are the salient determinants in this study of knowledge of consumer adoption intention in e-Wallet. Keywords: e-Wallet, intention to adopt, counter-conformity motivation, need for uniqueness 1.0 Introduction According to the historical evidence, the first use of money is assumed to have started around 600 BC in term of coins (Davies and Davies, 2002). However, the world is evolving, due to the rapid change in technology. Most of the consumers have changed their...
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...In this paper I will analyze and describe the consumption behaviors and sources of influence associated with such widely recognized cultural occurrence as Christmas. “Christmas is a mixture of celebrations, personal behaviors and attitudes, rituals and myths, the selling and buying of gifts, and public and private get-togethers. They all are brought together from ancient pagan festivals, various ethnic traditions, the biblical stories of Jesus’ birth, historic religious traditions, practices and beliefs, and material business strategies that are all focused around December 25th” (Sherbondy). How much do we actually know about the history of Christmas? Some might be completely surprised that December 25 is an approximate date of the birth of Jesus Christ. The exact date of his birth was unknown, so early Christians chose that date “to correspond with the day exactly nine months after they believed he was conceived” (Crock). The current culturally accepted forms of consumption behavior became established over time. “For centuries it was common to give Christmas gifts to friends and relatives at Christmas. However hanging out stockings to be filled with presents was first recorded in parts of England in the early 19th century. It became common in the late 19th century” (Lambert). “The sending of cards at Christmas time evolved from the practice of giving small, inexpensive favors to wish distant family, friends, and acquaintances well over the holidays. Over time, this...
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...Disney Heroines and America: Yesterday and Today Haley Hayes English 311c Section 02 Movies reflect current American values. Symbols and signs of these shifting values creep into every aspect of the American people’s lives. The entertainment industry provides an example by depicting the powerful influence animated heroines have on cultural trends. In animation, the heroine archetype has come to mean the “ideal person”: a symbol of the qualities, attitudes, popular trends, and those socially acceptable norms which are the most desirable. Has the public brought this upon themselves by buying into the movie-madness scheme, which dictates how one should think, feel, and, in part, be? This introduces another interesting question: Does the shift in societal values affect the nature and content of animation, or do the values portrayed in animation and public’s willingness to be overpowered create these changes in American beliefs? Regardless of which comes first, analyzing a character is synonymous with analyzing the culture from which the character is spawned. These symbols in animation, unfortunately, don’t always depict America’s best values and more often than not are targeted at children. Truly, the influential impact of animation on children is most perfectly depicted in the famed Walt Disney Heroines. These Disney girls have come to reflect America’s ever-changing values and the evolution of its popular culture. Despite the public’s initial skepticism...
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...Chapter Nine: Brecht and Epic Theatre Berthold Brecht (1898-1956) was one of the most distinguished representatives of socialist realist art. As a creator, he was multi-sided: poet, dramatist, director, critic and publicist. There can be little doubt that he was one of the most significant writers of the twentieth-century. His work was the most important and original in European drama since Ibsen and Strindberg, but in many ways it is difficult to understand in itself, and to relate it to a tradition which it at once develops and criticizes. Brecht had been writing continuously since 1918, however it was the period between 1937 and 1945 that saw not only some of his finest plays – Mother Courage and Her Children, The Good Person of Szechwan, The Life of Galileo and The Caucasian Chalk Circle – but also the evolution of his most significant theories on the theatre. Brecht’s early dramas were anarchic, nihilistic, and antibourgeois. In them, he glorifies antisocial outsiders such as fortune hunters, pirates, and prostitutes; in keeping with their view on general society, the tone of these works is often cynical. In the years following his conversion to Marxism, Brecht wrote didactic plays whose style is austere and functional. These plays were intended to be performed in schools and factories by nonprofessional actors. In his later plays, Brecht combined the vitality of his early period with his Marxist beliefs to create plays that were dramatically effective, socially committed...
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...exclusively for underage girls. They claim there should be nothing wrong for adult men to like shows that have culturally been reserved for females. These individuals are generally shunned by the majority, similar like feminine men or as they are now called, metrosexuals, once were. Because of Bronies are changing the definitions and stereotypes which defines our genders, people are scared by the changes this show and its followers might bring. To understand Bronies, we must first take a look at the show they follow. According to MyLittleWiki.org My Little Pony started in 1981 as toys for little girls. In 1983 the first cartoon was produced called "My Little Pony 'n Friends" which aired on prime time television. (Wikipedia) Over the previous three generations, the shows were plagued by gender stereotypes, patchwork plot, and corny themes that plagued early American cartoons of the 1970's through 1990's. The lack of character depth meant the audience knew all the main characters personalities after just one episode. My Little Pony or MLP, was strictly geared towards females and it promoted a stereotype gender role for young women. Then the fourth generation of MLP appeared on The Hub cable TV channel in 2010. (Wikipedia) This chapter in MLP was called "Friendship is Magic", full of talking pastel colored ponies in an attractive new age art style by Lauren Faust. These teenagers and adults, particularly men, attracted to MLP put aside the popular idea that to be a guy you...
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...Name Ronald Kent Robey Course BIBL 104 Date September 21, 2011 (Summary of the books of the Old Testament Books) Exodus The Book of Exodus Exodus is a history book in the Bible's Old Testament. And Exodus is also a law book. The people called Hebrews were slaves in Egypt. God sent Moses to free them (Exodus 3). The people in Egypt did not want to free these slaves. But God caused many terrible troubles in Egypt. These troubles forced the people in Egypt to free their Hebrew slaves. So, the Hebrew people left Egypt. God promised the land called Israel to the Hebrew people. But the journey to Israel was through a desert. God did many wonderful things to help the people through the desert. God provided water (Exodus 17) and food (Exodus 16). Moses met God at a mountain called Sinai (Exodus 19). There, God gave the law to Moses (Exodus chapters 20-30). Moses made a special tent where the priests would serve God (Exodus chapters 35-40). We are writing books and articles to help you to study this Bible book. You can download these books and articles free. Please click on the links below to select our other books and articles. (space) The Book of Exodus begins more than four hundred years after Joseph, his brothers, and the Pharaoh he once served have all died. The new leadership in Egypt—feeling threatened by Jacob’s descendants, who have increased greatly in size—embarks on a campaign to subdue the Israelites, forcing them into slavery and eventually...
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...Chris Newman Michael Ritter REL124 16 December 2012 David: Hero, King and Prophet There is no doubt that King David is one of the most outstanding biblical and historical figures, who also inspired artists of all epochs to make him a hero of their work. His role was special as the second King of Israel and as a human ancestor of Jesus Christ. Thus, one can state for sure that this personality is of great importance both for Judaism and Christianity and embodies devotion to God and the idea of authority blessed by God as well. Most of information on David can be found in the Books of Samuel and Ruth. Historically, David was one of eight sons of Jesse, who in his turn descended from Judas. In the Old Testament books, it is mentioned that he was handsome, physically strong, had red hair and was an outstanding musician. He started by helping his father to care about the herd and quite succeeds in doing so. Even at a young age, he demonstrates courage as a shepherd when a lion and bear attack the herd. He conquers in the battle with beasts, for which he gains his first glory. In fact, it should be mentioned, that being a shepherd is more than a narrative element which is mentioned in the Bible. In fact, this role of David is foreshadowing his future position of Israeli ruler. In the scriptures, a shepherd is often a positive idea that implies being in charge of people. Even God has been compared to a shepherd not once like for instance in the following passage: ‘Then he blessed...
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...The Micronesian Starling (Aplonis opaca) is a species of starling in the Sturnidae family. It is found in Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. They are migratory bird and often seen in Malaysia during certain times of the year - November to February. Micronesian Starlings consume fruit, seeds, the occasional insect and the eggs of seabirds. They are bold around humans and will follow humans in seabird colonies to take the eggs of seabirds flushed by them. Sali: Still seen at Cocos and Andersen Scientific Name: Aplonis opaca guami (Family STURNIDAE) Common Name: Micronesian Starling Chamorro Name: Sali Habitat and Natural History: It lives in many habitats from seacoast limestone cliff faces to forested mountain tops and on atolls. Generally the Sali lives in groups. It is a cavity nester. A pair lays up to four eggs and both parents incubate the eggs. They are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, fruit and insects. Description: Glossy black with a short tail and yellow eye as an adult, the Sali is about nine inches or twenty-three centimeters long. Range: The Micronesian Starling is widely distributed in Micronesia ranging through Palau; Yap; Guam; the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (Saipan, Tinian and Rota); Chuuk; Pohnpei; and Kosrae. Current Status: Historically on Guam the Sali was found throughout the island. It is presently restricted...
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...Africa 10 frica lies south of Europe and southwest of Asia. Geographically it is about three times the size of the United States, excluding Alaska and Hawaii. At its northeast corner is Egypt, which is connected to the Sinai Peninsula—and hence to the Asian continent by a very narrow strip of land. This is the only spot where Africa touches another continent; otherwise, it is surrounded by water. The Mediterranean Sea separates it from Europe in the north; the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden lie between it and the Arabian Peninsula to the east. Two vast bodies of water—the Indian Ocean on the eastern side, and the even larger Atlantic on the west—surround the remainder of Africa. A Why Africa is important One of the greatest civilizations of all time, Egypt, was in Africa. Perhaps the only ancient civilizations that can be compared with it are those of Greece and Rome, which were influenced by it. Egypt, of course, has had its own chapter in this series; and Carthage, in North Africa, is also covered elsewhere. The focus of this chapter is entirely on Africa south of the Sahara 283 Map of Africa. XNR Productions. The Gale Group. Desert—that is, sub-Saharan Africa—as well as on the desert itself. That desert would have an impact on African history right up to the modern day; so, too, would the African civilizations of ancient times. There was the kingdom of Kush, which developed its own form of writing and briefly ruled Egypt; the kingdom of Aksum, an important trading...
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...[pic][pic] [pic]Copyright © 2005 West Chester University. All rights reserved. College Literature 32.2 (2005) 103-126 [pic] | |[pic][pic][pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Access provided by Northwestern University Library ...
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...Model Marriage A Marriage Counselling Handbook by Dag Heward-Mills ***** Copyright 2005 Dag Heward-Mills E mail Dag Heward-Mills info@daghewardmillsbooks.org evangelist@daghewardmills.org Find out more about Dag Heward-Mills at: http://www.daghewardmills.org Unless otherwise stated, all Scripture quotations are taken from the King James Version of the Bible CONTENTS Acknowledgements Introduction Section 1 – THE BELOVEDS 1. The Beloveds 2. The Official Recognition of Your Relationship by the Church 3. Counselling the Beloveds Section 2 – THE FUNDAMENTALS 4. Definition of Marriage 5. Biblical Reasons for Marriage Section 3 – THE RELATIONSHIP 6. The God-Type of Marriage 7. The Christian Home 8. Love in Marriage 9. Communication in Marriage 10. Faithfulness and Unfaithfulness in Marriage Section 4 – THE DUTIES 11. Duties of the Husband 12. Duties of the Wife 13. The Total Wife 14. Home Keeping and House Helps 15. Principles of Finance in Marriage Section 5 – UNDERSTANDING THE TEMPERAMENTS 16. Introduction to the Temperaments 17. What it means to have a Sanguine Husband or Wife 18. What it means to have a Choleric Husband or Wife 19. What it means to have a Melancholic Husband or Wife 20. What it means to have a Phlegmatic Husband or Wife Section 6 – THE PROBLEMS AND THE SOLUTIONS 21. Problem-Solving in Marriage 22 In-Laws 23. The Step Home 24. What Every Christian Should Know about Divorce Section 7 – THE MASTER KEY OF ACCEPTANCE ...
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...SAFM_1.1_05_art_Jha 1/9/09 3:25 PM Page 65 Studies in South Asian Film and Media Volume 1 Number 1 © 2009 Intellect Ltd Article. English language. doi: 10.1386/safm.1.1.65/1 Looking for Love in All the White Places: A Study of Skin Color Preferences on Indian Matrimonial and Mate-Seeking Websites Sonora Jha Seattle University Mara Adelman Seattle University Abstract A preference for light skinned females is a global bias that affects all areas of human relationships, especially in marital mate selection. Further intensified by the meteoric rise in Internet dating and mate selection, this bias often serves an invalidating function for darker-skinned women. This study (1) analyzed ‘profiles’ and ‘preferences’ of brides and grooms (N=200), and (2) coded ‘success story wedding photos’ (N=200) posted on four Indian matrimonial websites. Results showed an overwhelming bias among males for brides lighter-skinned than themselves. Males were also more likely than females to state a preference for skin color in their prospective brides, and to use qualitative words like ‘beautiful’ and ‘lovely’ to describe their preferred match. Most significantly, the ‘success story’ wedding photos consistently had lighter-skinned brides than grooms. Darkskinned women were almost non-existent in these ‘success stories.’ This research points to a technology-abetted intensification of colorism. That is to say that the powerful profile ‘menu’ options and the visual imagery of predominantly...
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...Rastafari This page intentionally left blank Rastafari From Outcasts to Culture Bearers Ennis Barrington Edmonds 2003 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Bangkok Buenos Aires Cape Town Chennai Dar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Nairobi São Paulo Shanghai Taipei Tokyo Toronto Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Copyright © 2003 by Ennis Barrington Edmonds The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Edmonds...
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