... Sonia Sotomayor Sonia Maria Sotomayor was born June 25th 1954 in South Bronx new York . She was the oldest child of two. Her parenets were Juan and Celina (Baez) Sotomayor .The family moverd to the bronx in a projects where they were income family. Sotomayor ‘s Mother was a nurse and her father was a factory worker who died when she was 9 years old. When Sotomayor was young she loved watching the hit show “Perry Mason”. She wanted to be like Nancy Drew from the show and didn’t like the outcome of a verdict and decided she wanted to be a Attorney or Judge. “That was what I was going to be” said Sonia . When her father died , her mother worked harder and raised the children as a single parent. Her mother pressured her even more to go to college and always pushed education. Sonia remembered getting a set encyclopedia for a Christmas gift. She graduated from Cardinal Spellman High School in the Bronx in 1972 and went Princeton University. The young woman felt overwhelmed by her new school; after her first mid-term paper got a bad grade she decided she needed help in English and writing because her first language at home was Spanish . She worked with the university's discipline committee, where she started working on her legal skills. Sotomayor graduated summa cum laude from Princeton in 1976. She was also received the Pyne Prize, which is the highest academic award given to Princeton undergraduates. That same year, Sotomayor entered Yale Law School...
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...ASPECTS OF BEREAVEMENT THAT CAN BE DISENFRANCHISED In life, there are certain situations in which an individual's grief is not recognized and unacknowledged by others, a phenomenon that has been termed disenfranchised grief. These individuals are denied the "right to grief" and are not offered social support, sympathy, or opportunities to express their emotions. Disenfranchised grief is more actively negative and destructive as it involves denial of entitlement. Disenfranchising messages actively discount, dismiss, disapprove, discourage, and invalidate, the experiences and efforts of grieving. And disenfranchising behaviors interfere with the exercise of the right to grieve by withholding permission, disallowing, constraining, hindering, and even prohibiting it. ( Attig ). Kenneth Doka defined disenfranchised grief as the grief that people experience from a loss that is not, or cannot be, openly acknowledged, publicly mourned, or socially supported. There is a wide range of multiple losses that people experience on a daily basis that fits into a disenfranchised grief framework. These losses can range from changes in jobs and friendships to loss of a lover, through divorce or the death of a pet or due to the physical or emotional changes to a loved one brought on by conditions such as AIDS or Alzheimer's disease. In each case, where there was once an attachment, there soon follows a loss and its accompanying grief. The grief process, however, becomes more complex...
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...Sonia Sotomayor is the first Latina Supreme Court Justice in the history of the United States and the third woman. She was nominated by President Barack Obama in May of 2009 and assumed the role in August of 2009. She was born in the Bronx during 1954 to Juan and Celina Baez Sotomayor. Sonia parents were born in Puerto Rico and later moved the United States for a better life. Her father died when she was nine and her mother assumed the role of single parent. Sonia's mother made sure to instill in her children the importance of higher education and learning English. Her mother made many sacrifices to make sure her kids would have a better life. When talking about Sotomayor's mother Antonia Felix writes " Celina's ability to forge a strong sense...
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...Sonia Sotomayor is one of our 9 Supreme Court Justices today. She is born and raised from the Bronx, New York. Born on June 25th, 1954 to Juan and Celina Baez- Sotomayor, and she is the older sibling of the two children they have. Her upbringing through childhood was pretty well off. While her mother was a nurse, her father was a tool and dye worker. Sonia’s father passed away in 1963, which left her mother behind being a single mom. Her mother’s goal while raising her two children alone was to be sure her children would be successful, she strived for this. Sonia graduated from Cardinal Spellman High School in the Bronx in 1972. From there, she started school at Princeton University. She got discouraged quickly while attending Princeton due to receiving a not so well-off grade on a midterm. She...
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...Successful leaders are mindful of their actions. Leading becomes natural when you do so by example. They are positive and inspiring individuals. A great leader has been Sonia Sotomayor. The Honorable Sotomayer is from Puerto Rican and the first female U.S. Supreme Court Judge. She is a hard working, ethical who bonds with her community. The following is how to your effectiveness as a dominance style leader basing it on Judge Sotomayor’s great efforts as a leader. Judge Sotomayor is from Bronx, NY. She is very familiar with struggle. She had juvenile diabetes and took insulin at age 8. She graduated from Princeton and was the editor of the Yale Law Journal. She also joined a Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund. ( 27 May, 2009). The White House states the Judge is “one of the ablest federal judges currently sitting” (The White House, 26 May 2009). In 1979 she was hired as an Assistant District Attorney . She has the experience in law. Judge Sotomayor reviews factual details and legal doctrines in cases. This helps her arrive to her decisions (The White House, 26 May 2009). She is committed to co-workers and family. She is a mentor and a sponsor for inter inner city high schools. Bronxdale homes were renamed after the Judge and that is where she grew up. The Judge is a great leader. She is a confident woman and is a great attorney. She is dedicated and a powerful Supreme Court Judge. She shows strong determination. She also continues to be humble...
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...financial responsibilities they need to work more hours and do not have enough time to study. Then they are not prepared for test and papers; end up failing and dropping out. Because they are dropping out they will not have the degree for a better job, and now have debt. Community college students are at higher risk of dropping out than students that are at a university because of many reasons: lack of motivation, less financial investment, and insufficient time management. A woman that was able to overcome these obstacles was Sonia Sotomayor, author of My Beloved World. She describes the same kind of difficulty as college students are going through right now, except for dropping out. Even though she had significant burdens on her shoulders she graduated from an Ivy League school. If prospective college’s students applied Sonia Sotomayor tactics before and during the first years at university, then they would be more apt to complete their degree. Sonya Sotomayor initially found herself at Harvard, a campus that she quickly was uncomfortable with and in ways regretted attending, a feeling that many current college students find themselves experiencing as they arrive at university. As a Puerto Rican, and a woman, typically wealthy, white, males who have dominated...
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...Affirmative Action Joshua Guest POS/110 August 22, 2010 Lisa Beiduk Affirmative Action Affirmative action was introduced in 1961 by President Kennedy as a form of redressing discrimination that was still present despite the civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2007). Affirmative action aims at providing minorities and women equal rights to employment and education. Affirmative action was debatable since it began in the 1960’s and is still a very debatable topic today. Affirmative action requires increased attention and knowledge to understand both the pros and the cons of affirmative action and allow people to make educated decisions on affirmative action being beneficial or detrimental. Affirmative action is a set of public policies aimed at protecting the civil rights of underprivileged individuals of minority races or who are women. Affirmative action policies require that all state and local governments and all businesses associated with government funding must adopt the principles of affirmative action (Edwards III, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2008). The principle action of affirmative action is the better treatment of members of minority groups and women. Many argued that affirmative action policies were violating the principle of the law which states all individuals are equal. The policies related to affirmative action needed some mending. While affirmative action was a stepping...
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...Ricci v. DeStefano Jennifer Drab Baker College Abstract Ricci v. DeStefano is case based on reverse discrimination. The New Haven firefighters that brought this suit against the city did so on the belief that the city in its efforts to avoid litigation violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Reverse discrimination is a term that is used widely; however, it is very difficult to move forward with this claim in a court of law. The New Haven firefighters that brought the suit had their case heard before the Supreme Court of the United States. This was not a case that the justices took lightly; they asked many difficult questions, which looked at many different aspects of Title VII. The answer from the high court is that rejecting the test scores in fear of Title VII litigation is not grounds enough to disqualify candidates that qualified for promotion. In the end, the high court upheld the firefighters claim that the city’s rejection of the exam scores violated the rights of those that qualified based on the exam. Introduction Ricci v. DeStefano, is case of reverse discrimination within the fire department of New Haven, Connecticut. This case is an illustration that affirmative action does not always result in fairness. New Haven city officials created a very comprehensive written examination for testing those fire fighters that were looking to be promoted to captain and lieutenant (Epstein, 2009). Unfortunately, the examination showed that there was disparity...
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...One of the most inspiring Latina women for me is Sonia Sotomayor she has proven many people incorrect and shown them the power of a Latina Women, which is something I would love to be able to do as part of a career. She was born in New York City in the Bronx. Her father and mother were born in Puerto Rico, in two different cities. They both left Puerto Rico at different times and meet one another when they were in America. Sonia Sotomayor’s mother served in the Women’s Army Corps. Her family lived with mainly Puerto Ricans before 1957 and that is when she began to live in a racially mixed community. She also visited Puerto Rico during the summer with her family. At the age of seven she was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes, and her father died at the age of nine from heart problems....
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...“The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court…” is the opening sentence of Article III in the U.S. Constitution (Article III, Section 1). When America’s founding fathers constructed this guideline for the United States, it is quite certain they never expected the judicial branch of government to become what is has today: a political party nightmare. In the world today, the idea of being a Democrat or Republican influences everything you do; voting, who you are friends with, what news channel you watch, etc. Political parties have taken America over, and have now also taken over the Supreme Court. For the Senate, it is no longer about whether the nominee is fit for the position, it is about if they are a member...
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...Our founding fathers in their quest to set forth protections of citizens enacted the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. (GPOaccess.gov/constitution) The purpose behind this amendment is the people have the right “to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures”. At face value you may believe that this amendment provides you with total protection from an illegal search and seizure. In this paper I will demonstrate that the Fourth Amendment does not cover searches that occur in open fields or for items that are observed in plain view. In order to form an opinion on the constitutionality of a warrantless search you first need to determine what an open field is and what would be considered private property. This is known as the Open Fields Doctrine. (Wetterer, 1998) Items in open fields are not protected by the Fourth Amendment so they can be seized by an officer without a warrant or probable cause. Open fields do not fall within any of these categories. What does “open fields” exactly mean? Open fields encompass any open, undeveloped property that is not intimately used for dwelling (including curtilage) or business. The main residence on a piece of land, any outbuildings closely connected with and in close proximity to it, and the land immediately surrounding the residence are all considered to be within the curtilage of the land and are areas in which there is a reasonable expectation of privacy...
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...Evaluate the claim that the U.S Supreme Court is an Imperial Judiciary The Founding Fathers established the Federal Supreme Court in Article III of the Constitution as the ultimate judicial power, claiming “The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court”. Despite being put into power in 1789, The debate still exists as to how powerful the Supreme Court truly is, some say it is an imperial power with too much influence over U.S Politics, whilst others argue against this claim stating the Supreme Court is imperilled in many respects. The two main claims that the Supreme Court is still powerful lies in their power of Judicial Review and the fact they have a security of tenure, meaning they cannot be fired and are not subject to elections like other government officials, meaning they can act as they wish and with great freedom. Justices are not completely free to exercise power as they wish, they are of course bound by the constitution (subject to interpretation) and have a responsibility to interpret it correctly. Furthermore, they can be subject to impeachment by the Senate if they act in a manner not fitting that of the highest lawmakers in the land. The United States government is made up of 3 supposedly co-equal branches of Government, a system of checks and balances designed to make the perfect democratic system. However, with the surge of partisanship on the hill coupled with a progressive Executive branch addressing some of Americas most...
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...Civil Rights and Liberties Supreme Court Case 2 Douglas Ganim Thursday, November 5, 2015 VOTE: 5-4 in favor of Sally Spyalot, Director of National Security Agency JUSTICE ALITO delivered the opinion of the court Shortly after September 11, 2001, at the request of the National Security Agency, several of the major phone companies were asked to provide phone records for all calls made within the United States, and all calls made to the United States from other countries. The data the NSA received, provided information on the phone number the call was made to and from, the call’s duration, the date of the call, and the time of day. No Financial data, nor content of the calls, were ever obtained by NSA. This action proceeded without a warrant for any of the information provided. In addition, there was no individual suspicion since this was considered “meta-data” or “bulk data collection” of phone records. The vast majority of the data was analyzed by computer programs and never looked at by NSA personnel. Before we delve into an analysis of the court’s decision in this case, it is prudent we first address an important point. Prior to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, few American’s contemplated a threat to homeland security. Today, the fear of terrorism is ingrained in our daily thoughts. Following the events of 9/11, American’s sense of safety nearly vanished, and the direction, and scope of national security were forever changed. The National Security Administration...
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...Barack Obama Barack Obama was inaugurated as the 44th President of the United States —becoming the first African American to serve in that office —on January 20, 2009. The son of a white American mother and a black Kenyan father, Obama grew up in Hawaii. Leaving the state to attend college, he earned degrees from Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Obama worked as a community organizer in Chicago, where he met and married Michelle LaVaughn Robinson in 1992. Their two daughters, Malia Ann and Natasha (Sasha) were born in 1998 and 2001, respectively. Obama was elected to the Illinois state senate in 1996 and served there for eight years. In 2004, he was elected by a record majority to the U.S. Senate from Illinois and, in February 2007, announced his candidacy for President. After winning a closely-fought contest against New York Senator and former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton for the Democratic nomination, Obama handily defeated Senator John McCain of Arizona, the Republican nominee for President, in the general election. When President Obama took office, he faced very significant challenges. The economy was officially in a recession, and the outgoing administration of George W. Bush had begun to implement a controversial "bail-out" package to try to help struggling financial institutions. In foreign affairs, the United States still had troops deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, and warfare had broken out between Israel and Hamas in the Gaza Strip, illustrating the...
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...GENDER-BASED AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND REVERSE GENDER BIAS: BEYOND GRATZ, PARENTS INVOLVED, AND RICCI ROSALIE BERGER LEVINSON* I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. History Behind the Affirmative Action Race/Gender Anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. The Circuit Split on the Race/Gender Conundrum . . . . . . . . . IV. Analogy to Race-Based Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Remedial Purpose as a Justification for Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Diversity Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Arguments Against Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. INTRODUCTION The blockbuster race discrimination cases in recent years have all involved affirmative action and reverse discrimination. The Supreme Court has made it clear that race classifications, whether benign or invidious, will trigger rigid strict scrutiny analysis, which requires that the government prove its program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. In 2003, the Court, in Gratz v. Bollinger,1 ruled that while student diversity in educational institutions may be a compelling interest, an affirmative action program...
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