...came to power, he inherited a stable surplus of money. Another way in which Henry VII helped shape his son's reign was because of his involvement in the War of the Roses. When Henry was made king, he fulfilled his promise to his supporters to marry the daughter of Edward IV, Elizabeth of York, after becoming England's new monarch. This resulted in the opposing sides in the War of the Roses, York and Lancaster, becoming united. This meant that Henry VII helped shape the beginning of his son's reign as he left him with a reasonable stable and united country. "How far did Henry VIII's reign begin a new era in Tudor kingship?" Henry VII and Henry VIII were different in many ways, they both had their own intentions and aims for their monarchy as well as different styles in ruling their country. On one hand, it can be argued that Henry VIII's reign didn't begin a...
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...Sir Thomas Wyatt was a member of a wealthy and well connected gentry family from Kent. He succeeded to the family estates on the death of his father in 1542. Unfortunately for Wyatt, his career suffered a setback in 1547 when Surrey fell into disfavor with Henry VIII and was executed. As a committed protestant Wyatt favored the Edwardian regime, which he defended in 1549 when riots broke out in Kent. He was trusted by Somerset's successor Northumberland, who appointed him to represent the English government in negotiations with the French in 1550. Wyatt served the Edwardian regime loyally but declared his support for Mary when Jane Grey was proclaimed queen. Wyatt's initial support for Mary soon evaporated when he heard of the Spanish marriage. As an MP he became involved in the opposition to the proposed marriage in parliament but his hopes of persuading the queen to reject the marriage failed.By the end of January 1554 anti-Spanish feelings led to a rebellion.The rebellion was ultimately a failure and therefore the threat it posed must have been highly significant in the moment but passed quickly. Mary's character, her determination and her courage were important factors that helped to keep royal authority intact. Mary was known throughout her reign for her strong religious beliefs. Mary was a devoted catholic with strong views on how the country would be best suited to her religious influences. Her religious conviction and strong personality combined were in many ways responsible...
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...A. The exercises below should be answered by referring to the map (“Europe in 1714”) on p. 189 of the text. Using the map on p.189 for reference, locate and identify: Bohemia, Palatinate, East Prussia, Brandenburg, Austrian Netherlands, Utrecht, Hungary. How did the War of the Spanish Succession alter the map of Europe? Who gained the most from the war? Who lost the most? The War of the Spanish Succession altered the map of Europe in the way that prior to the war the Habsburg ruled Spain. The map shows us that in 1714, at the end of the war, the Bourbon family now controlled it because King Charles II willed his kingdom to Louis XIV’s grandson, Philip V of Spain. However, the Bourbon family ruling over Spain did not mean they controlled Flanders and Italy because they had to forfeit these two in the war and . The nation I believed gained the most from this war was England because as it states on page...
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...Spain occupies 85% of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with Portugal, in southwest Europe. Africa is less than 10 mi (16 km) south at the Strait of Gibraltar. A broad central plateau slopes to the south and east, crossed by a series of mountain ranges and river valleys. Principal rivers are the Ebro in the northeast, the Tajo in the central region, and the Guadalquivir in the south. Off Spain's east coast in the Mediterranean are the Balearic Islands (1,936 sq mi; 5,014 sq km), the largest of which is Majorca. Sixty mi (97 km) west of Africa are the Canary Islands (2,808 sq mi; 7,273 sq km). Government Parliamentary monarchy. History Spain, originally inhabited by Celts, Iberians, and Basques, became a part of the Roman Empire in 206 B.C., when it was conquered by Scipio Africanus. In A.D. 412, the barbarian Visigothic leader Ataulf crossed the Pyrenees and ruled Spain, first in the name of the Roman emperor and then independently. In 711, the Muslims under Tariq entered Spain from Africa and within a few years completed the subjugation of the country. In 732, the Franks, led by Charles Martel, defeated the Muslims near Poitiers, thus preventing the further expansion of Islam in southern Europe. Internal dissension of Spanish Islam invited a steady Christian conquest from the north. Aragon and Castile were the most important Spanish states from the 12th to the 15th century, consolidated by the marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella I in 1469. In 1478, they...
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...Democracy, through its merits, is one of the most valuable progressions in political regimes to this day, promoting common welfare and equality, granting individual liberties, imposing a responsibility to the people, and allowing for peaceful and steady changes of government. The foundations of modern-day democracy can be found in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with the popularity of enlightenment ideals and the rise of an intellectual community that gave way to a growing criticism of absolute governments. All across Europe and even the Americas, dissatisfaction with the government grew as increased taxes and isolation from the ruling classes led to poverty, and ultimately revolts and disturbances targeted towards the absolute monarchies. In Switzerland and the Austrian Netherlands, urban radicals rejected the authority of Emperor Joseph II in Vienna. The American Revolution began with the colonial elite dissatisfaction with the government in London, while Britain and France had a succession of absolutist leaders who refused to share governing rights. The abuse and misuse of power by absolute monarchs inexorably led to the rise of modern democracy, as evident in the gradual decrease of monarchal power in Britain, and the French and American revolutions. The rise of democracy in Britain was a gradual change in power spanning multiple centuries and royal families. The ideals of democracy can be traced back to the Magna Carta, a charter that notorious absolute monarch King...
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...The definition and limits of power can be seen in the 1947 Succession Law that outlined the role of Spain’s political unit in which Franco nationalized Catholicism and the eventual revival of the monarchy. Franco appointed, Juan Carlos, as the next heir to the succession of the monarchy. In 1947, Franco stated that he had no intention to modify the existing authoritarian structure other than “combining traditional legitimacy with specific new features” (322). Franco intended to be head of state for life. It stated that the Franco accepted the “principles of monarchical legitimacy but redefined it to fit himself” in which he would “Franco would govern until his death” (372). The next King must be a “male, thirty years old, Catholic” and must...
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...Spain is a beautiful country with alluring geography. It borders Portugal and France by mountainous regions. Since it is fairly big, there are four main land regions. It’s a country with Spanish as their main language. Spain is best known for their Mediterranean beaches, architecture, flamenco-which is their traditional form of dance, and their “Siestas”, which are their daily breaks/naps. Spaniards take their siestas very seriously; during the siestas, almost all shops, government offices, and local offices are shut down so that everyone gets a nap. Not only are they serious about their siestas, but are very serious about the government. Just from reading this, would you like to learn more? One reason Spain so beautiful, is its location....
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...The Second Republic’s pursuit to abolish the Catholic Church caused more instability in Spain. As the influence of the Second Republic grew exponentially, many unions destroyed numerous Church convents as well many schools to demonstrate the power of the people. A Notable historical, Isidro Goma,other wise known as the Nuncio wrote a famous letter from his perspective regarding the problems he witnessed in Spain to Pope XI. More specifically, he was concerned with the lack of proposed legislation to protect the freedom of religion especially Catholicism in Spain because the Second Republic attempted to exclude the clergy from the public life. However, despite the successful attempts to burn the Churches and assassinate the clergy, the government...
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...17th century, the Spanish monarchy crumbled, there were many factors that went into the collapse. One of the first factors of the collapse was when Spain developed international Absolutism on the basis of silver bullion from Peru. Spanish gold and silver, armies, and glory had dominated the continent for the most part of the 1500’s. In 1950 the decline started to steadily happen. The major part was the lack of a strong middle class. Largely in part of the expulsion of the Jews and Moors, the agricultural crisis, and population decline, also the failure to invest in productive enterprises, the intellectual isolation and psychological malaise all combined to reduce Spain to a second tier power by the year 1715. The extravagant flow of silver from Mexico and Peru, together with the sale of cloth, grain, oil, and wine to the colonies, greatly enriched Spain. In the 1600’s however the Dutch and the English started to exchange with the Spanish colonies, slicing into the revenues that had gone to Spain. Mexico and Peru developed local industries, lessening their need to deal with Spain. That moved crushed Spain. Between 1610 and 1650, Spanish trade with the colonies fell to 60 percent. The native Indians and African slaves worked under the South American silver mines, under conditions that would have put ancient Egyptian pharaohs to shame. The lodes started to run dry. So in contrast to the lodes running dry the quantity of metal produced for Spain steadily spiraled. The...
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...* Spainish social structure Society * Spain itself is divided into 17 regions, each of which elect leaders in direct elections allowing for every region to have a level of autonomy. The Spanish constitution of 1978 protects the democratic independence for, “distinct and nationalities and regions” (Gale 2009b). Because of this, attempting to define the social structure, gender roles, family structure, social identity, and political structure for the entire country is a difficult task. Within Spain, there are six major cultures including the Castilians, the Galicians, the Basques, the Catalans, the Levante, and the Andalucians (Gale. 2009a) and other minority cultures include the Roma and the Asturians (Gale 2009b). Spaniards as a whole do share some cultural traits. * Political Structure: * The political structure of Spain at large is one of a parliamentary monarchy. The king, determined by hereditary, serves as the head of state, however, legislative powers are held within General Courts, or the Cortes Generales, which is spilt between the Congress of Deputies, the Congresso de los Diputados, and the Senate, or the Senado (Gale 2009b.). There are 350 deputies, all of which are elected by the people, and 259 senators, 208 are chosen by the people while 51 are decided by the regions of Spain. Spain, within their executive branch, holds the Council of Ministers which includes a president, a first, second, and third vice president who also serve as ministers for...
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... A Leap of Faith: Politics, Wealth and Wonder in the Voyages of Columbus In 1492, Christopher Columbus concluded what amounted to an elaborate business arrangement with King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I. He would receive titles, property and revenues from his discoveries and the Spanish crown would gain access to what would become a pipeline to the unimagined riches of the New World. It was a true leap of faith on the part of the world’s leading Catholic monarchs, who were fresh from the conquest of Granada and the reuniting of European Spain. Ferdinand and Isabella would come to believe their expulsion of Spain’s Moorish masters as their true legacy. Yet it was Columbus’ fateful mission that would open the way to wealth and world power for the resurgent Spanish nation. This was the promised payoff, the real return on investment for the Spanish monarchy. Columbus and the Spanish sovereigns came to terms at a time when European nation states were seeking any advantage they could find in an unfolding international game of exploration and economic competition. Under these circumstances, the advantages conferred by new trade routes and the acquisition of new lands and resources could mean world supremacy. Columbus claimed to know where such advantages could be obtained, and how to get there. Despite initial resistance from Ferdinand and Isabella (King John II of Portugal had already turned him down), Columbus’ ideas about the earth’s...
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...Our product: ALSTOM: (very) HIGH SPEED TRAIN STUDIED COUNTRY: SPAIN (Europe) Specificities of International Marketing INTRODUCTION: ALSTOM: 2 products selected: http://www.hellopro.fr/images/produit/ Very high speed: Following on from the success of the TGV, Alstom has developed the fourth generation of very high speed trains: the AGV (Automotrice Grande Vitesse). In 2007, Alstom et a new world rail speed record of 574.8 km/h. High speed : With its tilting train technology, the Pendolino can travel at speeds of up to 250 km/h, without requiring specific changes to the infrastructure. Alstom has developed a range of regional trains that are reliable, efficient and comfortable. http://www.alstom.com/home/activities/rail_transport/from_the_tramway_to_the_agv/ 2010 I COUNTRY PRESENTATION: SPAIN A peaceful transition to democracy following the death of dictator Francisco FRANCO in 1975, and rapid economic modernization (Spain joined the EU in 1986) gave Spain a dynamic and rapidly growing economy and made it a global champion of freedom and human rights. www.cia.gov (extracted from Country Introduction feb. 2010) http://www.voyage-net.com/bons-plans/espagne.php Political regime: constitutional monarchy: * Head of State: King Juan Carlos I, since 22 November 1975 * Head of Government: President of the Government: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, elected 14 March 2004. https://www.cia...
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...1. The empires described in the quote above built their power most directly on (A) Mandate of Heaven (B) The Technology of gunpowder (C) Control of Silk Road (D) Parliamentary principles (E) The development of new breeds of horses and camels 2. The quote actually describes all of the following empires EXCEPT (A) Han China (B) Ottoman Empire (C) Safavid Empire (D) Mughal Empire (E) Russian Empire 3. Sikhism is accurately defined as a religion that (A) was native to Japan, but shared similar beliefs to Daoism (B) flourished primarily in Southeast Asia (C) originated in the Ottoman Empire as another major split in Islam (D) Originated in India, with blend of Muslim and Hindu beliefs (E) Developed in Central America s a protest to Spanish-imposed Christianity 4. Which of the following decisions by the Portuguese most directly affected the Arab African cities of the east coast of Africa? (A) to trade only from coastal centers (B) to monopolize the Indian Ocean trade (C) to set up an African trading network that included the interior trade routes of the Sahara (D) to allow Christian missionaries to evangelize in the cities of the east coast (E) to start navigators’ school in Portugal 5. All of the following are common problems that the Muslim Empires of 1450-1750 shared EXCEPT: (A) Sunni-controlled governments whose power was seriously challenged by a Shiʻa minority (B) Inadequate transportation and systems...
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...The tibornal of the the holy office of inquisition commonly known as the spanish inquisition was established in 1478 by catholic monarchs in their kingdoms and to replace medieval inquisition is under papal control . It become the most substance of the three different . the inquisition was originally intended in large part to ensure the orthodoxy of those who converted judaism and islam . This regulation of the faith of the newly converted was infested after royal decreases issued in 1492 and 1501 ordering jews and muslims to convert or leave spain . Various motives have been proposed for the monarch's decision to found the inquisition such as increasing political authority and awakening opposition profiting the inquisition remained a force...
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...1965 it touched record levels where unemployment was hovering at about 38.5%. However this number decreased in the 80s to about 33%-34%. Compared to other European countries in the 1970s Spain had the lowest participation by women, which was at 18% of all women in Spain. This is to be compared to Italy, which was at about 26% and in northern Europe, which was about 30% to 40 %. However with benefits, incentives, government policies, and legislation this value was raised to about 30% to 40% of the population of women working in the labour force. In the late 1980s Spain's economy was growing. This was mainly due to the rise in the employment, improved equipments, rise in industrial production and mainly government policies. However the figures might be false to a certain extent because it was believed that the underground economy had also contributed to the booming economy (http://www.workmall.com). SPANISH LABOUR MARKET The Spanish labour market is affected by tradition and culture, so there are two principal reasons that could represent the labor market in Spain. Firstly, there is a very high rate of unemployment besides the economic growth. Secondly, an individual tends to be unemployed for long time. Looking at the period from 1987 to 1991, there is 57.4%, unemployment in Spain. So in twentieth century, it was around 52.7% probably because the labor market was rigid. After the government allowed the extensive use...
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