...“Analyze the causes of either the Spanish Civil War or the Korean War.” The Spanish Civil War is a classical example of a country changing from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy to a republic. This process was done through many different phases and most importantly through corruption and appealing speeches. I will throughout this essay closely examine some of the most important causes of the Spanish Civil War. Write about the weaknesses of the government and the unstructured Spanish army: • Explain why the why the elections in Spain were corrupt o The rich had the power o The party leaders were easily manipulated by the wealthy. • The government was also weak because the king was allowed to interfere in the progress of electing a new prime minister o Builds on the corruption part above o King had a lot of power • No difference between the Conservatives and the Liberals o No difference means it was only a matter of the party leader to convince other to support them o Weakness is that Spain could only go in one direction with two parties with the same goals and ideology. • Explain how the army had lost support o Army known to be violent o Too many officers and people with power o They changed the system in Spain from a absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy The powerful Catholic Church linked to the weaknesses of the government • Explain the how the Catholic Church influenced the education o They were against modernization and...
Words: 526 - Pages: 3
...into power in February 1936. The coup was ordered by General Mola on this date because of the assassination of a leading monarchist, Jose Calvo Sotelo by the Assault Guard. However the outbreak of civil war also had underlying long-term causes such as social divisions in Spain and more short-term ones such as a lack of political consensus during the time of the Second Republic. This essay will consider the extent to which the different factors were responsible for the outbreak of civil war in 1936. The assassination of Calvo Sotelo, a leading monarchist who opposed the Popular Front, by the Assault Guard was responsible for General Mola ordering his instructions for the coup to go ahead that ultimately led to civil war. On 13th July 1936, in reprisal for the murder of a Jose Castillo, a left-wing member of the Assault Guard, his colleagues drew up a list of prominent right-wing targets, arrested Sotelo and later murdered him. The assassination made up Mola’s and the other army general’s minds over whether to launch the coup and on the 17th July 1936, just five days later the coup was launched in Morocco. The assassination of Sotelo was partially responsible for the outbreak of civil war because it gave Mola the justification he needed to launch the coup and thus plunge Spain into civil war. Mola could now argue that the army had a responsibility to step in and restore peace and order to an increasingly violent situation. Also the fact that the assassinations were carried out by the...
Words: 1592 - Pages: 7
...Assessed Essay In what ways can the representation of the family in Nada be read as a microcosm of Spanish society in the immediate post-Civil War era? Carmén Laforet's first novel, “Nada” is set in the war torn city of 1940's Barcelona, and depicts the aspiration of a young woman arriving to the city. This protagonist, Andrea, has her dreams quickly shattered as she witnesses, from the shadows, the chaos and mental and physical torment within the house. The novel is loosely based on Laforet's own experiences, her circumstances are very similar to that of Andrea; in the novel Andrea expects to find joy and love within her grandparents house in Barcelona, as she lived there as a child, however her hopes of this are quickly shattered,“cuando yo era la única nieta pasé alli las temporadas más excitantes de mi vida infantíl...¿todo esto podíá estar tan lejano?” (p22) Even though, taken literally, the narrator is reminiscing over earlier, happier times spent in the house, it echoes memories of Spain in general before the Civil War. Laforet herself was born in Barcelona and both Andrea and Laforet moved away as children and returned during the early 1940's in their late teens to study at the University of Barcelona. From this, Laforet experienced the struggles of post-war Spanish society first hand and evidence of this pervades the novel, drawing a picture of the times, which are not only represented in the city, but almost metaphorically in the household in which the majority...
Words: 1598 - Pages: 7
...Nazi Germany and the Spanish Civil War Continuity in Hitler’s Foreign Policy Tom Goldstein Professor Herf HIST441 May 15, 2001 The Spanish Civil War (1936-9) was a very important event during the tense1930s in Europe. Although it did not make World War II inevitable, it increased the likelihood of a general war a great deal. The war had a tremendous impact on Spain itself, leaving much of the state’s economic and social infrastructure in ruins and leaving thousands dead. But the war also saw involvement from other European states as both sides of the conflict – the Right-wing Nationalists and the Left-wing Republicans (a.k.a. Loyalists) – requested and received foreign aid not only in terms of financial assets, but also in terms of war material and troops. Adolf Hitler’s Germany was one of the foreign countries most involved in the conflict, contributing economic loans as well as several thousand troops to the Nationalist cause. Hitler’s involvement in the Spanish war was consistent with a larger Nazi foreign policy aimed at diverting British and French attention from Central and Eastern Europe so that he would be unhindered in his plans for eastern expansion. However, the ramifications of the Spanish war for the rest of Europe were great in other ways. The Spanish Civil War was a major contributor to the hardening of the division between the democracies (Britain and France) and the dictatorships (Italy and Germany). Germany also...
Words: 5653 - Pages: 23
...forces During Spanish war, those fighting him trying to get countries (like the US) to support the Republic – thought the regime was fascist Calling Franco fascist gave Republicans moral authority Not Fascist? - Franco was personally not a supporter of fascism, he was a traditionalist – law and order, nationalist and a good Catholic (Franco deliberately gave the Church more power) He wanted to revive Spain’s past rather than doing something new Fascist? - Franco was a dictator His rule was only supposed to last the duration of the civil war – he would do anything to stay in power Head of the army and the government, mass propaganda, surveillance, denunciations Fascist style military parades He even took up painting in order to be more like Hitler Violently anti-communist Economic policy Franco wanted Spain to be Autarky (definition – the quality of being self-sufficient) Spain, under Dictator Francisco Franco, was an autarky from 1939 until Franco allowed outside trade again in 1959, coinciding with the beginning of the "Spanish miracle" Franco didn’t understand economics Los anos del hambre, Franco believed that the liberal model was responsible for the failure of Spain The State itself undertook to industrialize the country Price fixing by the government caused extensive damage Estraperlo (black market) Foreign policy Withdraws Spain from the league of Nations – just like Italy and Germany Franco declares Spain neutral (2nd WW) Spanish ports gave way...
Words: 302 - Pages: 2
...------------------------------------------------- Spanish Civil War (incidents) – Izquierda Republicana (1937) Izquierda Republicana 2013/1/12 Editorial Denny Kim The ‘Spanish Civil War’ was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. Which perhaps was predictable, the “pendulum of Spanish electoral politics swung back to the left” [1] in 1936. Spanish Left-Wing party adopted and practiced electoral strategy called ‘Popular Front’ (strategy of electoral cooperation of unification of vote; thus defeating right-wing parties) supported by ‘Comintern / Communist International’ in France [3]. The practice of ‘Popular Front’ was an effort to prohibit extreme-right from taking power. On the other hand, the Right -Wing formed a ‘National Front’ coalition in response, which caused more polarization. As a result, the socialist withdrew their support for the ‘Popular Front’ as protest of its moderation. Hence, public disturbance occurred sooner soon started spiraling the country out of control. Nevertheless in 1936, February, the first general election of the ‘Second Republic’ was “called to restore order” [1]. The Left-Wing Popular Front coalition won and gave a majority to a coalition of the Republican Left IR (Izquierda Republicana). Out of 13.5 million Spanish populations, over 9,870,000 participated in the election. There were 4,654,116 votes for the ‘Popular Front’, whereas there were 4,503,505 for National Front...
Words: 574 - Pages: 3
...1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? 2. lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1. Lkjhgfdstfhyl;okihjufd How similar were the dictatorships of Primo de Rivera and Franco? lkpoijhudfsnmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmhjgdfxxxxkjhgfdsfxcghkj 1...
Words: 337 - Pages: 2
...Webquest – The Spanish Civil War • When did the Spanish Civil War take place and why and how did it start? - 1936 to 1939 between the republicans supported by democrats and communists, and Francisco Franco who was supported by conservative and the catholic church to a certain extent. - Economically, the country had been deeply hit by the Great Depression after the wall street crash, in 1929 the military dictatorship that had ruled Spain since 1923 collapsed and in 1931 the republicans came to power. Which followed a period where the two political rivals both had periods where they had the power as the elected government. So the country was divided and unstable that in 1936 the army rebelled and forcibly removed the Republicans from power. so the civil war ensued. - The war began after a declaration of opposition by a group of generals of the Spanish R.A.F. (Republican Armed Forces) • How did the war end? What was the result? - The better organized and better equipped Nationalist forces won the war after Madrid was captured in March 1939. Hitler's position in Europe was now more powerful, since had another potential ally in the right-wing dictator of Spain, General Franco. - The participation and co-operation in the civil war strengthened the bond between Italy and Germany, as a result the Rome-Berlin Axis was formed. Italy and Germany were then firm allies. • What/whom was the POUM? - What/whom was the POUM? - The Workers' Party of Marxist aunification, was...
Words: 432 - Pages: 2
...affected Madrid, but also started to affect other Spanish cities and nearby countries as time went by. Pedro Almodovar and his films represented a certain significance brought to our attention at the end of the Franco regime. During the Franco regime, people were expected to abide by a strict set of social structures, mostly focused on relations between the sexes, traditional families, drug use, and freedom of expression. Almodovar and his films were part of the great “transition” between the Francoist regime and the integration of the so-called “New Spain”, which allowed the queer community of Madrid freedoms they had never experienced before. La Movida de Madrileña became the official image of Spain and created a new vibrant society for young people. Most recognized by the surge of artistic activity during the political transition in Madrid, it was considered a cultural renaissance and a countercultural movement after Franco’s death in 1975, giving the people of Madrid a new sense of freedom. Through 1980 to 1985, La Movida represented people that wanted institutional support within Madrid and the rest of Spain. La...
Words: 999 - Pages: 4
...Mohamad Razeq Professor Cesar Gallardo English 113 16 May 2012 The Girl After Her Inside Reality The film Pan’s Labyrinth is about Francisco Franco taking power as dictator in Spain. It depicts violence and repression from the Francoise regime, as well as by resistance from antifascist guerrillas who hide in the mountains and are aided by village sympathizers. Ofelia ́s stepfather, Vidal, is a cruel captain in Franco’s Civil Guard based at a rural military post. As figure of Fascism, Vidal is in charge of fighting the guerrillas who resist his regime. Ofelia is an orphan whose father died in obscure circumstances during the Spanish Civil War. Carmen, her mother, remarried Vidal who controls her and limits her to being a housewife. She is constantly sick and weak to the point where she cannot leave the bedroom during the last weeks of her pregnancy with Vidal’s child. From the beginning of the story, it is clear that Ofelia does not have a good relationship with her stepfather. Vidal is incapable of noble feelings, and completely uninterested in any type of familial relationship with Ofelia. The main theme of the story centers on Ofelia’s internal struggle—mirroring the political route that she takes in the story. Ofelia loves to read fairy tales, although her mother disapproves of her reading and encourages her to stop. In the film, Carmen does not seem to be very interested in Ofelia’s interests or her emotional well being, but rather constantly thinking of ways to please...
Words: 598 - Pages: 3
...The Spanish Civil War was a war of tremendous impact both on Spain as well as the world. There is no doubt that the large propaganda effort by both the Republicans as well as the Nationalists affected the war effort on both sides. However, the different sides have drastically different ways of going about to promote their side in the war. The Republicans used “Spanish Earth” while the Nationalists used “Heroic Spain”. Each of these propaganda films had different and unique features that made them stand out differently from each other. “Spanish Earth” used a more calm and peaceful approach in order to bring popular support over their side. They had multiple images of various villagers hard at work. This promotes an image of a devoted and dedicated group of citizens for the Republican Spain that could be used in order to create a new Spain. I think this approach works well for convincing neutral members of society to come join the Republican side because everyone in Spain would have wanted a solid group of citizens as a foundation to rebuild Spain, but this approach would have never worked to convince any of the Nationalists to defect to the Republican side. Nationalists would have hated the idea of a “common person” having a role in the Spain’s society, which was the one of the primary reasons that they rebelled under Franco in the first place. “Spanish Earth” definitely has a more passive undertone than the Nationalist’s propaganda film with large crowds of soldiers saluting...
Words: 295 - Pages: 2
...Adrianne Kelly SPA 104; Section 02 Ms. C. Hernandez “Carol’s Journey” The movie “Carol’s Journey (El viaje de Carol)”, tells the life changing and heartfelt story of a young and strong character by the name of Carol. This chapter of her life is set in 1938, during the time of the civil war in the historically rich European and Spanish speaking country, Spain. The movie gives insight of this historical event through the eyes of Carol, and we also see how the war affects her and her loved ones. By the tender age of twelve Carol tries to adjust and settle into what seems to be her new life in Spain and takes both the challenges and joys that face her throughout the movie. While watching “Carol’s Journey” I was charmed and intrigued by the characters and their relationships, the culture and old customs of the country. After the movie I felt moved and inspired and I would recommend this movie to anyone. My favorite characters beside Carol are Tomiche and her grandfather, Don Amalio. Firstly, Carol is one of my favorite characters because she is very outgoing, tough, stern minded and sweet, a lot like how I was when I was her age. However, she is rebellious, in more good ways than bad which makes her character courageous, unpredictable and fun. Tomiche, “Tomi”, is my second favorite because he represents strong males, both young and old, who hustle and use their wits to make nothing into something for not just themselves but for their loved ones, such as his own mother. The...
Words: 687 - Pages: 3
...death, the Spanish rule went to the King of Spain, Juan Carlos. King Juan Carlos is credited with the transition to democracy. Franco controlled the political opposition through repression and executions. According to Payne, the assentation to the power of the Franco regime claimed 1% of the population in Spain. During the beginning of the Civil War, Franco declared “total martial law throughout Nationalist Spain from 1936 until 1948” (211). Franco kept control by the secret military police similar to German Gestapos or Guardia in cities which would patrol, keep social order and suppress civilian opposition. The White terror or Represión Franquista was state sponsored political violence and crimes committed by the Franco nationalists during the Civil War. The “White Terror of the nationalists was the most concentrated of all the atrocities of the war” (213). The regime committed political executions and repression to the Republican supporters. Most of the political opposition was killed “armed men rounded up small groups of suspected opponents and took them into the woods. They were never seen again” (Elkin). A majority of the violence was the killing of Republican rebels and ones who did not support the coup “almost all the high ranking officers who refused to join the rebellion were shot.” There were many public executions of the political opponents became public spectacles, “even Nazi and fascist visitors were appalled” (212). On a grim note “none of modern Spanish democratic...
Words: 1166 - Pages: 5
...FHP Draft When American schoolchildren are educated about Europe between the years 1936 through 1975, they are taught about the aftereffects of World War I and about World War II. Europe, in high school history classes, ceases to exist after 1945 and the close of World War II unless, of course, one is learning about the Cold War and the Berlin Wall may be mentioned. They do not learn, however, that World War II era Spain—because Spain was neither an ally or a foe during the war—went through enormous conflict of its own. The three-year Spanish Civil War and the fascist dictatorship that followed are largely kept out of the American history books. Yet, the world is privy to much of its legacy through literature, art, film, and personal memory. Spain certainly remembers three hellish years of war and thirty six years of repression under Generalisimo Fransisco Franco, but how is General Franco remembered by the rest of the world? What legacy did he leave internationally? 2 It is a confused and varied one: to those closest to him he was a husband, father, and statesman; to Hitler, he was an obstacle on the road to world domination; to the Jews who fled from Hitler he was a hero; but to the many Spanish minorities and to his opponents in the Spanish Civil War he was a monster. The answers to the questions posed are addressed in a variety of sources. One of these sources is the book Hitler Stopped by Franco, by...
Words: 2730 - Pages: 11
...Nationalist forces as being evenly balanced at the outbreak of Civil War in 1936? The outbreak of Civil War, in July 1936, was due to the murder of Sotelo by a PSOE supporter on the 13th of July. Sotelo was murdered in retribution of the armed action taken against the Asturias rising in which 3,000 miners were killed and another 35,000 were taken prisoner. At the outbreak of war both the Republicans and the Nationalists were fairly evenly balanced, however taking into consideration: Territory and population; industry; armed forces and organization I am going to evaluate which side was stronger in July 1936. The territory in Spain was split at about two-thirds to the Republicans against one-third to the Nationalist. The population was also split in favor of the Republicans with a difference of two million; the nationalist had a population of eleven million and the republicans had a population of thirteen million. However in spite of having control of the majority of the population and land the government could not simply overlook the fact that, in only a few days, they had lost one third of Spain to the rebels. Part of the reason for the Nationalist gain in the country was that a large portion population was in favor of the rebels. The Republicans had control of Madrid, Barcelona and Bilbao. By having the capital and also two other major cities put the Republicans in good stead as they occupied the heart of the Spanish economy. Where as the rebel Nationalists had Seville, Majorca...
Words: 1078 - Pages: 5
