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La Fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria de Perú En hoy día, cada país tiene sus propios rituales, fiestas y sus propios motivos para que celebrar como un país. Por ejemplo, en los Estados Unidos, se celebra la navidad, el día de dar Gracias, etc. Sin embargo, las fiestas que se celebran en los Estados Unidos tienen una forma de consumismo. Sin duda, la familia se obtiene juntos, pero, la mayoría de estas fiestas es sobre el gasto. En contraste, una cultura que no celebra lo material o que tiene una celebración solamente para gastar y consumir es Perú. La mayoría de estos celebraciones llevan a cabo en homenaje a un santo patrón y forman parte del calendario cristiano adoptado en la época colonial, a pesar de que se han mezclado con las creencias mágicas de antiguas formas de adoración. En este ensayo, se analizaran los diferentes aspectos de la fiesta y celebraciones de la fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria. Es muy importante de analizar como celebran pero también porque están celebrando. Conocer la historia de esta celebración y como se celebran nos dará una mejor comprensión de las cultura en Perú. En continuación, cada país tiene sus propias fiestas tradicionales. En Perú, según ay aproximadamente 3000 fiestas típicas que son celebradas cada año. La mayoría de estas son organizadas para celebrar el día de un santo patrón. Como mencionado antes, estos santos que originalmente forman parte del calendario cristiano están mezclados con la religión mágica de las regiones andinas. Es muy importante de notar que básicamente en las celebraciones tradicionales, se pueden celebrar en una cuidad grande como Lima o en un pueblo chico en la selva. Por lo tanto, cada región del país, tienen diferentes formas en que utilizan para celebrar estas fiestas tradicionales. Es muy interesante de saber que hay otras formas en que otras culturas celebran que no esta centrado en uno mismo. La celebración mas grande en Perú es La Festividad en honor a la Virgen de la Candelaria, patrona de la cuidad de Puno. La virgen de la Candelaria o Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria es una de las advocaciones mas antiguas de la Virgen María. Esta virgen está asociada a la Pachamama, el lago Titicaca, las minas y el trueno; además de simbolizar, la pureza y la fertilidad. Esta celebración representa la mas grande e importante manifestación cultural, musical y dancística del Perú. Siendo una de las fiestas religiosas mas significativas de Sudamérica, por la cantidad de símbolos y de manifestaciones artísticos-culturales propias de las culturas quechua, aymara y mestiza del altiplano andino y por el volumen de personas que participan directa e indirectamente en su realización. En los primeros nueve días, los que están encargados de organizar la festividad, decoran la iglesia, preparan la misma, el banquete y los fuegos artificiales. Las celebraciones comienzan el 24 de Enero y terminan el 18 de Febrero. El día principal es el 2 de febrero, y ese día la virgen es conducida por la cuidad de Puno. Además, el festival esta ligado a los ciclos agrícolas pre-hispánicos de la siembre y la cosecha, así como a las actividades mineras en la región. Se ha dicho que durante 18 días, la cuidad de Puno, se convierte en la capital Folklórica de las Américas porque presentan más de 200 danzas y reúne a mas de 200 grupos de músicos. Obviamente el baile y la música que forman parte de esta celebración son importantes. Por lo menos, estos detalles antiguos forman parte mas grande de la celebración. En estos días de la celebraciones todos se juntan para bailar para la virgen, agradeciéndole así los beneficios y milagros que les permiten seguir viviendo. En el lapso se congregan en el lugar, y entregadas en absoluta devoción a la Virgen, unas setenta bandas musicales comienzan a tocar. La música típica de este evento es la música puneña que es interpretada con instrumentos musicales como: zampoña, pinquillos, quenas, tarqas, y muchos mas. El baile principal o mas popular que toma parte de este evento es La Diablada. Este baile fue ideado por un grupo de mineros atrapados en una mina, quienes en su desesperación, ofrecieron sus almas a la Virgen. Los bailarines, soplando zampoña o flautas de pan, y vestidos con disfraces espectaculares. Se visten de una forma espantosa utilizando mascaras y cuernos largos de venados. Se ha dicho que disfracen por ese modo porque es un homenaje de lo bueno y lo malo, por ejemplo, el diablo y el Jacancho (El dios de los minerales). Durante la despedida los bailarines que llenan las calles finalmente se dirigen al cementerio para rendir un homenaje a los muertos. En fin, esta celebración religiosa tiene muchos aspectos culturales. De la música puneña que tocan los músicos, al baile de la diablada que bailan los bailarines y otros elementos de la celebración, solamente forman parte de esta fiesta religiosa. Esta celebración forman radiantes arco iris, cuyos de colores que son mezclados con los instrumentos antiguos. En hoy día, se utilizan muchas texturas de antes y siempre ay un elemento teatral dirigida a reinventar las historias antiguas. Es muy interesante que la gente Peruana se junta para celebrar la Virgen. Es mas que solamente una fiesta, es una oportunidad para la gente que le de gracias a la diosa La Pachamama. También, sirve parte de que festejen algo mas grande y que se junte la comunidad para celebrar utilizando formas de vestuario y instrumentos antiguos. La idea de que se reúnen para celebrar algo distinto de si mismos sirve un propósito mas grande que nos falta aquí en nuestro país. Despues de todo, es importante de acordarnos que el nucleo de la celebración es La Virgen de la Candelaria.

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