...June 29, 2015 SUBJECT: Shared-Based Payment Reporting and Special Purpose Entities (SPE) CC: Team members ______________________________________________________________________________ As an Accounting Firm it is very important that we follow the most recently changed or amended regulations and standards set by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB). As of 2009 the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has made amendments to Shared-Based Payment Reporting and Special Purpose Entities. The amendments made were to Statements No. 123 and 95 which covers the Share-Based Payments and Statements No. 123 and 95; the FASB. Also revised, Statements No. 166 and 167 which pertains to Special Purpose Entities (SPE). Share-Based Payment Reporting In the process of an audit, it is important to review the accounting process in terms of how share-based payment is reported to Sensure the entity processes are in line with Generally Accepted Accounting Policies (GAAP). Share-based payment is a complex area to both report on and audit as almost every transaction is unique and referencing IFRS No.2 for the purpose of the audit is not always clearly defined. Defined, share-based payment is an arrangement in which an entity purchases goods or services in exchange for issuance of the entity’s equity instruments or cash payments based on the fair value of those equity instruments. IFRS No.2 has two defined two measurements for each possible share-based transaction; as it relates...
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...of Nike, you asked us to make sure the company is correctly implementing share-based payment reporting and SPE reporting correctly under GAAP. Therefore, the team has done extensive research on two reporting styles, so we fully understand what you are looking for. We will discuss our research on the subjects in this memo for you to review before we make the final steps to start the audit on Nike. In 1993 FASB issue SFAS 123, which required companies to reflect stock based compensation in their operating results. Due to opposition from legislators and special interest groups, companies were only required do footnote disclosures for share-based payments. In 2004 the FASB revised SFAS 123 and issued SFAS 123 (R) which now requires companies to incur stock option compensation expenses. This means that the company must expense the estimated fair value. This new standard has had a significant effect on profits for many companies. The valuation methods required by the FASB are based on pricing models that are complicated and require companies to use a number of assumptions which could cause a material difference in the company’s operating results. Due to the number of estimates and assumptions, users of financial statements should pay close attention to the disclosures and the accounting estimates, particularly those found on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. Shared-based payment reporting A share-based payment is when the...
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...SUBJECT: Share-based Payment Reporting and Special Purpose Entities The current audit of a publicly traded company involves the evaluation of both share-based payment arrangements and special purpose entity reporting. This memo explains the reporting requirements for share-based payment transactions and special purpose entities and discusses how these requirements relate to the auditing process. Share-based payment reporting: Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) defines share-based payment arrangements as follows: “An arrangement under which either of the following conditions is met: a. One or more suppliers of goods or services (including employees) receive awards of equity shares, equity share options, or other equity instruments. b. The entity incurs liabilities to suppliers that meet either of the following conditions: 1. The amounts are based, at least in part, on the price of the entity’s shares or other equity instruments. (The phrase at least in part is used because an award may be indexed to both the price of the entity’s shares and something other than either the price of the entity’s shares or a market, performance, or service condition.) 2. The awards require or may require settlement by issuance of the entity’s shares” (FASB ASC 718-10-20). FASB 718-10-25 details specific guidelines for the recognition of share-based payment transactions (FASB ASC 718-10-25). FASB specifies when the services and costs related to the share-based payment transactions...
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...Share Based Payment Reporting El Shared Based Payment Reporting (SBPR) es el producto del estándar numero 123 del Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB), antes la opinión APB No. 25 – Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees. Este estándar busca uniformar la información que las organizaciones ofrecen a los inversionistas y personas de interés sobre sus intercambios de equity instruments para bienes y servicios, cuando esta incurre en una deuda para adquirir un bien o servicio basados en el valor del mercado de los equity instruments de la organización o establecidos por los emisores de dichos equity instruments. Igualmente, para identificar los servicios de capital humano que incurren las organizaciones en la forma de SBPR (FASB, 2012). Las razones principales para el nacimiento de este estándar estriban en la preocupación del mundo contable sobre la APB No. 25 la cual se basaba en métodos valorativos superficiales en los estados de situación. Estos no brindaban al lector números confiables sobre las transacciones económicas de la organización que afectaban el recibo y consumo de los servicios de capital humano en el intercambio de equity instruments. Igualmente, otra de las razones era la necesidad de que se mejorara los informes en cuanto a la comparabilidad, hacerlo mas simple, y que coexistiera con los estándares internacionales a través del International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 2. Special Purpose Entities Desde los anos 70, las Entidades de Especial...
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...and that they are widely accepted by corporate real estate executives, financial institutions, and accounting firms. But is the synthetic lease a panacea for the corporate executive faced with a leasing decision? Are they the perfect solution for keeping real estate assets oil the company balance sheet? Are there any drawbacks to a synthetic lease? Before entering into a synthetic lease, the corporate tenant should know the potential shortcomings of a synthetic lease as well as when and when not to use one. EBay - Enron Under a synthetic lease, a company designs a special purpose entity (SPE). The SPE exists exclusively to supply the parent company with an operating lease. Basically, it keeps debt off the parent company's books under existing accounting rules. The SPE is regarded as part of the parent company for tax purposes (Edman, 2011). A synthetic lease allows a company to keep debt off the books, but at the same time, is able to remove interest and depreciation as if they had bought and mortgaged the place. The parent company gets the tax benefits of ownership but suppresses the liability. As with operating leases, only a footnote disclosure is required. If this kind of financial engineering appears suggestive of Enron, that's because it is. SPE's are virtually identical with the shell corporations that set off the Enron cataclysm (Edman, 2011). Synthetic leases are perfectly legal. Under existing...
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...The Rise and Collapse of Enron: Financial Innovation, Errors and Lessons Elisa S. Moncarz* Raúl Moncarz* Alejandra Cabello** Benjamin Moncarz*** Abstract Recent collapses of high profile business failures like Enron, Worldcom, Parmlat, and Tyco has been a subject of great debate among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent past. Enron’s case was the greatest failure in the history of American capitalism and had a major impact on financial markets by causing significant losses to investors. Enron was a company ranked by Fortune as the most innovative company in the United States; it exemplified the transition from the production to the knowledge economy. Many lessons can we learn from its collapse. In this paper we present an analysis of the factors that contributed to Enron’s rise and failure, underlying the role that energy deregulation and manipulation of financial statements played on Enron’s demise. We summarize some lessons that can be learned in order to prevent another Enron and restore confidence in the financial markets, as well as in the accounting and auditing professions. Keywords: Enron, Corporate Ethics, Corporate Bankruptcy, Creative Accounting. Introduction T he rise and fall of high profile businesses like Enron, WorldCom, Parmlat and Tyco has been a subject of great debate and research among regulators, investors, government and academics in the recent years. Enron, for one, was the greatest failure *Professor-investigator...
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...1. What effect did the TDC and Crescendo arrangements have on ALZA's R&D reported on the income statement? What were the balance sheet effects? Table 1 provided in the case and reproduced below shows the Product Development Revenue recorded on the books of ALZA and the R&D Expense recorded on the books of TDC during the years 1993 through 1997. As shown, the total revenue recorded by ALZA was $275.1 million while the total expense recorded by TDC was $254 million. When preparing its consolidated financial statements, ALZA did not include the assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, or expense accounts of TDC; therefore, the financial results reported in TDC's financial statements were not reflected in ALZA's consolidated financial statements. Table 2 provided in the case and reproduced below shows the product development revenue recorded on the books of ALZA and the R&D expense recorded on the books of Crescendo. At first glance, the numbers seem to be confusing since Crescendo's expense exceeds ALZA's revenue in all but the final year. Apparently there were some timing issues regarding ALZA's recording of product development revenue and Crescendo's recording of R&D expense. Over the term of the agreement, ALZA recorded total product development revenue of $283.5 million, and Crescendo's recorded total R&D expense of $278.2 million. As with TDC, ALZA did not incorporate the assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, or expense accounts of Crescendo in its consolidated...
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...http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_US/us/About/university-relations/Deloitte-Foundation/0ac1264f0b0fb110VgnVCM100000ba42f00aRCRD.htm • FASB codification—password to be handed out in class. You may log in at http://aaahq.org/ascLogin.cfm Objectives This course examines: • How accounting principles are established and monitored by standard setters. • The strengths and weaknesses of various accounting methods and how applications of such methods affect decisions of users and preparers of financial statements. • Current issues facing standard setters and the profession. Grades will be determined as follows: 1. Class participation 45 possible points 2. Financial reporting timeline 5 possible points 3. Mini-cases (Trueblood, FASB, HBS or similar) 35 possible points 4. Problem sets and discussion question write-ups 30 possible points 5. Group presentation 10 possible points 6. Research paper 20 possible points 7. Final exam 5 possible points 150 possible points NOTE: I assume that you should plan to invest—at a minimum—three hours of time outside of class for every credit hour in class. Thus, for this 3-credit class, you should plan to invest at least nine hours per week in preparation and homework—plus three hours in class. Class participation. For each class, you must be prepared to respond to questions and contribute to discussion about the...
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...Corporate governance Estachy Simon Case Study : Enron Summary : I- Presentation and chronology II- The financial arrangement III- How the governance can explain it ? IV- Questioning the corporate governance model V- Conclusion I- Presentation and chronology: Enron Corporation was an American energy, commodities, and services company based in Houston, Texas. Enron employed approximately 20,000 staff and was one of the world's major electricity, natural gas, communications, and pulp and papercompanies, It was created in 1985, by the merger of the Houston Natural Gas company with InterNorth. This merger was management’s first attempt to develop a national pipeline system for natural gas. The following year, the former CEO of Houston Natural Gas, Kenneth Lay, became the chairman and CEO of Enron. At the beginning, its business model was very classic: production and transportation of gas, and distribution essentially on whosales markets. Quickly it became the major energy and petrochemical commodities trader in US. Throughout the late 1990s, Enron was almost universally considered one of the country's most innovative companies. The magazine Fortune named Enron "America's Most Innovative Company" for six consecutive years, from 1996 to 2000. In 1996, Jeffrey Skilling, old consultant of McKinsey, became the president and Chief Operating Officer of Enron, seven years after his enter his entry in the company. Enron has $40 billions in 1999, and $100 billions in 2000...
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...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence ...
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...Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski, Carole Lager, Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin Enron and World Finance Also by Observatoire de la Finance From Bretton Woods to Basel Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 21, Spring 2005 Ethics of Taxation and Banking Secrecy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 12, Autumn 2002 Will the Euro Shape Europe? Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, no. 9, Winter 2001–2 Dommen, E. (ed.) Debt Beyond Contract Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 2, 2001 Bonvin, J.-M. Debt and the Jubilee: Pacing the Economy Finance & the Common Good/Bien Commun, Supplement no. 1, 1999 Dembinski, P. H. (leading contributor) Economic and Financial Globalization: What the Numbers Say United Nations, Geneva, 2003 Enron and World Finance A Case Study in Ethics Edited by Paul H. Dembinski Carole Lager Andrew Cornford and Jean-Michel Bonvin in association with the Observatoire de la Finance Selection, editorial matter and Chapters 1, 2 and 16 © Observatoire de la Finance Remaining chapters © contributors 2006 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying...
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...ITT TECHNICAL INSTITUTE NT1310 Physical Networking GRADED ASSIGNMENTS ------------------------------------------------- Student Professional Experience Project NSA SPE Project 1 (to be completed by the end of NT1310): Install, Configure, Test, Maintain and/or Document the Worksite Local Area Network and Its Components Purpose The purpose of the Student Professional Experience (SPE) project is to provide you an opportunity for work experience in your field or in a related field to add to your résumé. You may have an opportunity to serve your community or work for a local employer for a project that will take between 20 and 30 hours. Project Logistics Career Services will identify an employer with needs in the following areas: Network related tasks (mostly confined to the LAN and Microsoft Windows Server 2008 environments) Students are expected to practice various skills discussed in all the technical courses in Quarters 1 through 3 of the NSA program at an employer’s site on network related tasks (more confined to the LAN and Microsoft Windows Networking with Server 2008 environments) that would involve installation, configuration, testing, maintenance and documentation of the worksite network and its components, and to properly document the technical information in all involved activities. Such documentation will be used as the source material for Items 2 and 3 defined in the Deliverables section of this document. Possible example projects could...
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...this publication. The information contained in this material was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for purposes of avoiding penalties or sanctions imposed by any government or other regulatory body. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, its members, employees and agents shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person or entity who relies on this publication. The content of this publication is based on information available as of May 31, 2012. Accordingly, certain aspects of this publication may be superseded as new guidance or interpretations emerge. Financial statement preparers and other users of this publication are therefore cautioned to stay abreast of and carefully evaluate subsequent authoritative and interpretive guidance that is issued. Portions of various FASB documents included in this work, copyright © by Financial Accounting Foundation 401 Merritt 7, Norwalk, CT 06856, are reproduced by permission. Dear Clients and Friends: The requirement to include or consolidate the financial statements of entities over which a reporting entity has a controlling financial interest is a concept in accounting that has been in place for many years. The application of this guidance continues to be challenging, particularly for certain types of structured entities or entities that have limited purposes. To address these challenges,...
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...Experience 19 Graded Assignments and Exercises 23 Labs 47 Documenting your Student Professional Experience 57 ITT Technical Institute NT1310 Physical Networking Onsite Course SYLLABUS Credit hours: 4.5 Contact/Instructional hours: 56 (34 Theory Hours, 22 Lab Hours) Prerequisite(s) and/or Corequisite(s): Prerequisites: NT1210 Introduction to Networking or equivalent Course Description: This course examines industry standards and practices involving the physical components of networking technologies (such as wiring standards and practices, various media and interconnection components), networking devices and their specifications and functions. Students will practice designing physical network solutions based on appropriate capacity planning and implementing various installation, testing and troubleshooting techniques for a computer network. Where Does This Course Belong? | | | NT2799 | | | | | | | | NSA Capstone | | | | | | | Project | | | | | NT2580 | | | NT2670 | NT2640 | | PT2520 | | Introduction to | | | | | | | | | | | Email and Web | | | | | Information | | | | IP Networking | | Database Concepts | | | | | Services | | | | | Security | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NT1330 | | | NT1230 | NT1430 | | PT1420 | | Client-Server | | | Client-Server | | | Introduction to |...
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...& Touche LLP shall not be responsible for any loss sustained by any person who relies on this publication. As used in this document, “Deloitte” means Deloitte & Touche LLP, a subsidiary of Deloitte LLP. Please see www.deloitte.com/us/about for a detailed description of the legal structure of Deloitte LLP and its subsidiaries. March 2010 Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Section 1 — Overview, Background, and Scope 1.01 1.02 Determining Which Consolidation Model to Apply Consideration of Substantive Terms, Transactions, and Arrangements Substantive Terms and Arrangements Scope and Scope Exceptions Overall Scope Considerations 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Application of the VIE Model in ASC 810-10 to Non-SPEs Qualification of a SPE as a Voting Interest Entity Application of the VIE Model in ASC 810-10 to Multitiered Legal Entity Structures Application of the VIE Model in ASC...
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