...ANALYSIS OF CONTACT STRESS OF SPUR GEAR BY FEM 1 Dr. JITENDRA KUMAR PANDEY, 2 CHANDRA PRAKASH 1 Associate Professor 2 M. Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department NRIIST BHOPAL (M.P) India Email: 1jitendra.me@gmail.com, 2chandraprakash210@gmail.com Abstract: Gears which are most widely used for transmission of power from one shaft to the shaft are considered in this paper for analysis and hence predict the stresses in them using the most versatile numerical techniques in practice, the Finite Element Method (FEM). In all spur gears are the most preferred type of gear because of simplicity of use & manufacturing with high degree of transmission efficiency. They develop high stress concentration at the root and the point of contact...
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...Spur Gears General: Spur gears are the most commonly used gear type. They are characterized by teeth which are perpendicular to the face of the gear. Spur gears are by far the most commonly available, and are generally the least expensive. The basic descriptive geometry for a spur gear is shown in the figure below. Limitations: Spur gears generally cannot be used when a direction change between the two shafts is required. Advantages:Spur gears are easy to find, inexpensive, and efficient. Helical Gears General: Helical gears are similar to the spur gear except that the teeth are at an angle to the shaft, rather than parallel to it as in a spur gear. (See the references for more specific information). The resulting teeth are longer than the teeth on a spur gear of equivalent pitch diameter. The longer teeth cause helical gears to have the following differences from spur gears of the same size: o o o Tooth strength is greater because the teeth are longer, Greater surface contact on the teeth allows a helical gear to carry more load than a spur gear The longer surface of contact reduces the efficiency of a helical gear relative to a spur gear Helical gears may be used to mesh two shafts that are not parallel, although they are still primarily use in parallel shaft applications. A special application in which helical gears are used is a crossed gear mesh, in which the two shafts are perpendicular to each other: The basic descriptive geometry for a helical...
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...Today in the modern world, gears are used in everyday activities, from cars to washing machines. There are various types of gears such as spur, internal, helical, skew, bevel, etc. Each of these gears has a different purpose, such as bevel gears are used to change the rotational motion to a different axis. Spur gears are used to this effect in washing machines, blenders, clothes dryers, construction equipment, fuel pumps, and mills. Lower gear ratios in the transmission and the back of the car allow for faster speed, but slower acceleration. Higher gear ratios in the transmission and the back of the car allow for slower faster speed but faster acceleration (Yoshino, 2014). Changing the gear ratio would affect how fast a car would go in with each ratio. The gear ratio of a gear train, also known as its speed ratio, is the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear to the angular velocity of the output gear. The torque ratio of a gear system is also known as mechanical advantage, this is determined by its...
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...Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: G Industrial Engineering Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861 Improving Quality and Productivity in Manufacturing Process by using Quality Control Chart and Statistical Process Control Including Sampling and Six Sigma By Ghazi Abu Taher & Md. Jahangir Alam Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Bangladesh Abstract- The aim of study is to find out the effective way of improving the quality and productivity of a production line in manufacturing industry. The objective is to identify the defect of the company and create a better solution to improve the production line performance. Various industrial engineering technique and tools is implementing in this study in order to investigate and solve the problem that occurs in the production. However, 7 Quality Control tools are the main tools that will be applied to this study. Data for the selected assembly line factory are collected, studied and analyzed. The defect with the highest frequency will be the main target to be improved. Various causes of the defect will be analyzed and various solving method will be present. The best solving method will be chosen and propose to the company and compare to the previous result or production. However, the implementation of the solving methods is depending on the company whether they...
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...1) ABSTRACT The project which we undertook was based on the study of a gear pump & its manufacturing process. The project is study material type project. In that we are having a working model of gear pump. We are studying the principle of working, manufacturing process & its application. Based on this study, we are making a report which will be benefited to students who will study the subject INDUSTRIAL FLUID POWER. Working model is useful in our laboratory & useful for better understanding the working of gear pump to the student in future. Chapter 1 BASICS OF PUMPS 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 What are pumps and pumping systems? Pump is a device which is used to pumping the fluid at various heights. It is similar to the heart in the human body. A hydraulic pump is a mechanical device which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It provides the force necessary to move a liquid, thus transmitting power. Pumping systems account for nearly 20% of the world’s electrical energy demand and range from 25-50% of the energy usage in certain industrial plant operations. Pumps have two main purposes: Transfer of liquid from one place to another place (e.g. water from an underground aquifer into a water storage tank) Circulate liquid around a system (e.g. cooling water or lubricants through machines and equipment) The main components of a pumping system are:...
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...|JAIDEEP SINGH | | |Male, 21 years |English, Hindi | |Academic Qualifications | |Year |Degree |Institution |Board/University |Subjects/Specialization |% | |2014 |B.Tech |Delhi Technological University |Deemed |Mechanical |60 | |2010 |12th |ISDSSS School, Chandigarh |CBSE |PCM |87.2 | |2008 |10th |Army School, Saugor |CBSE |General |84 | |Academic and Professional Achievements | |Got Best student award in 12th standard for overall performance in 2009-10 session |2010 | |96.4 percentile in AIEEE-2010, Scored 95/100 - highest marks in chemistry...
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...The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) ||Volume|| 2 ||Issue|| 11 ||Pages|| 25-27 ||2013|| ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805 Electricity Generation from Speed Breakers 1 1, 2, 3 Aniket Mishra, 2Pratik Kale, 3Atul Kamble Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth college of engineering ---------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT----------------------------------------------------------Energy is the primary need for survival of all organisms in the universe. Everything what happens in the surrounding is the expression of flow of energy in one of the forms. But in this fast moving world, population is increasing day by day and the conventional energy sources are lessening. The extensive usage of energy has resulted in an energy crisis over the few years. Therefore to overcome this problem we need to implement the techniques of optimal utilization of conventional sources for conservation of energy. My paper includes how to utilize the energy which is wasted when the vehicles passes over a speed breaker. Lots of energy is generated when vehicle passes over it. We can tap the energy generated and produce power by using the speed breaker as power generating unit. The kinetic energy of the moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft through rack and pinion mechanism. Then, this mechanical energy will be converted to electrical energy using generator which will be saved...
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...THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA Ernest Hemingway The Old Man and the Sea is the story of an epic struggle between an old, seasoned fisherman and the greatest catch of his life. For eighty-four days, Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman, has set out to sea and returned empty-handed. So conspicuously unlucky is he that the parents of his young, devoted apprentice and friend, Manolin, have forced the boy to leave the old man in order to fish in a more prosperous boat. Nevertheless, the boy continues to care for the old man upon his return each night. He helps the old man tote his gear to his ramshackle hut, secures food for him, and discusses the latest developments in American baseball, especially the trials of the old man’s hero, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago is confident that his unproductive streak will soon come to an end, and he resolves to sail out farther than usual the following day. Character List Santiago - The old man of the novella’s title, Santiago is a Cuban fisherman who has had an extended run of bad luck. Despite his expertise, he has been unable to catch a fish for eighty-four days. He is humble, yet exhibits a justified pride in his abilities. His knowledge of the sea and its creatures, and of his craft, is unparalleled and helps him preserve a sense of hope regardless of circumstance. Throughout his life, Santiago has been presented with contests to test his strength and endurance. The marlin with which he struggles for three days represents his greatest challenge. Paradoxically...
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...recession risks have raised the stakes for the Group of 20 leading economies as they try to craft a coordinated strategy to boost the world’s economic output and calm investor jitters. The problem is figuring out how to revive demand in a world where central banks are running out of gas and most of the world’s biggest growth engines are downshifting, idling or struggling to get out of first gear. The solution, many G-20 officials have indicated in recent days, is a stronger effort to restructure stagnating economies and increase investment in infrastructure. “We have to commit to using all policy levers,” said U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew in an interview. “The burden shouldn’t be on any one of the policy levers, either excessively or certainly not exclusively.” Worried about a dimming outlook, the International Monetary Fund on Wednesdaycalled on the G-20 to engineer “coordinated demand support, using available fiscal space to boost public investment and complement structural reform.” The temptation, however, will be to keep relying on monetary policy or even currency depreciation to spur exports. Central banks around the world, notably in Europe and Japan, have expanded policies that are cheapening their exchange rates. China, meanwhile, is struggling to manage a slowdown and major economic overhaul, leaving markets watching for a yuan depreciation to goose exports. ------------------------------------------------- RELATED * Treasury’s Lew: China Must Make Clear No...
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...How long did it plan to take and how long did it take? Traverse from the coast to Geographic South Pole in 84 days (63 days skiing; 21 days rest/contingency). 61 days (46 days skiing; 15 days rest/contingency) Traverse from Geographic South Pole to the Ross Sea. 5. What equipment was needed and how was it funded? Personal equipment. Communications, Fuel, Power. Mobile vehicle aka ice train, 6. What training was needed? Preparing for an expedition of the magnitude of something like The Coldest Journey takes years of planning, organising and training. From equipment testing in the Cold Chamber to field training in Sweden 7. Was it successful and what was its legacy? Unsuccessful after falling through ice and having his left fingers amputated. Top gear magnetic north pole in car 1. What type of expedition was it and what form? Group expedition. And polar expedition. 2. What are the aims and objectives of the expedition? To be the first ones to reach north pole in a car Against dog sleigh traditional form of transport and to see which was quicker. 3. Describe the locations visited? 1996 location of the magnetic north pole. Ice glaciers. Frozen sea. 4. How long did it plan to take and how long did it take? It took from Dec 2006 right up till day they done it. 25th April 2007 2nd may 2007 is how long it took. http://www.thecoldestjourney.org/theexpedition/timeline2 5. What equipment was needed and how was it funded? The equipment needed. Cold...
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... PAGES | Chapter I: Introduction | | Chapter II: Company’s History: Origin, growth and expansion | | Chapter III: | | | | Chapter I: Introduction Company’s History: Origin, growth and expansion Aeromech was established on 1st December, 2006 as a precision component manufactures and became an OEM by entering into Machine Tool segment in the year 2009. Aeromech technology is a company that provides quality precision machined components catering to different automotive industries in various aspects such as manufacture, design, testing, assembly of high end CNC and special purpose machines which are used for complex machining. One of their important machines is, CNC gear hobbing with exceptional high performance and...
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...per year in revenues—and Adidas, which draws about $12 billion per year. In recent years, New Balance has branched out with more models and acquired casual and boot brands, but it still has trouble suing for space at department stores, even when it offers to guarantee stores the products will sell. 2. Problem Identification New Balance’s most loyal customers tend to be middle aged and older individuals who buy shoes for functionality, not fashion, and as their feet don’t grow this demographic will often keep the same pair of shoes for years. Indeed, New Balance’s advertising slogan from the 1980s stated that “We don’t live by fashion. Then again, we don’t die by it either”. While they have since altered their approach in recent years to spur growth, the core of this philosophy remains essentially intact: New Balance values functionality over fashion. But while this certainly hasn’t killed the company, it has contributed partially to its stagnant position in the market with respect to more larger and more fashion-oriented competitors like Nike and Adidas. Unfortunately, many youths prize fashion over functionality. At a department store (Macy’s), I didn’t see a single pair of New Balance shoes on display. At Dick’s Sporting Goods the space allotted to New Balance was far less than that afforded to Nike or even Adidas, and Sports Authority seemed to carry even less New Balance. If New Balance wants to expand sales, it must first generate or demonstrate the excess demand is there...
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...Shimano Inc. Case Write-Up MBAD 6244, March 29, 2011 1. Did the advantages or disadvantages of its location change over time? If so, how did Shimano respond – does it fit Porter’s framework of a global strategy? Exhibit I analyzes Porter’s diamond of national competitive advantage across the four key time periods in Shimano’s history, as outlined below. Time Period 1, from 1920-1970: The city of Sakai was the epicenter of bicycle production in Japan and was advantageous for the early stages of Shimano’s business development. During the 1930s, Shimano leveraged local demand and expanded to meet regional demand through Asia. However, during the 1940s this centralized location of manufacturing was disadvantageous due to its affiliation with military manufacturing. The decade of rebuilding after the war provided Shimano with new opportunities for production technologies to expand its product line, and then Japan’s economic downturn led Shimano to focus on components, which became their core business. This pressure in Japan to develop advanced technology enabled Shimano to break into the U.S. market in 1965 and dominate the Japanese bicycle component industry by 1970. Time Period 2, Entry in European Market: Shimano’s success in the home market was enabled by their location in the Kansai cluster (where 65% of all bikes in Japan were produced). Here, Shimano was close to related and supporting industries which spurred innovation and fast delivery of ideas and products...
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...MKT/421 Steve Shelton May 4, 2011 As a general philosophy, marketing is the art of identifying what consumers want or need, and proceeding with campaigns to meet those wants, needs, or desires; provided the company can realize profits from fulfilling that niche. The Businessdictionary.com (2010) website defines marketing as the management process through which goods/services move from concept to the customer. This process includes the identification, selection, and development of a product/service, determination of its price, selection of a distribution channel, and the implementation of a promotional strategy. Marketing differs from selling because it is geared toward customer needs and satisfaction rather than finding tricks which spur the consumer to part with their money for your product/service. Marketing incorporates the entire business process of discovering, creating, arousing, and satisfying customer needs/desires (Levitt, 2004). Based upon these marketing definitions, the following will ascertain the importance of marketing upon organizational success, as well as providing a few business world examples which demonstrate how a good strategy can result in the phenomenal success or demise of the company involved. The Importance of Marketing After identifying specific needs or desires of consumers, a company will carry out a clear strategy that fulfills those particular wants and ideally increase the organization’s profits and brand recognition at the same...
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...per year in revenues—and Adidas, which draws about $12 billion per year. In recent years, New Balance has branched out with more models and acquired casual and boot brands, but it still has trouble suing for space at department stores, even when it offers to guarantee stores the products will sell. 2. Problem Identification New Balance’s most loyal customers tend to be middle aged and older individuals who buy shoes for functionality, not fashion, and as their feet don’t grow this demographic will often keep the same pair of shoes for years. Indeed, New Balance’s advertising slogan from the 1980s stated that “We don’t live by fashion. Then again, we don’t die by it either”. While they have since altered their approach in recent years to spur growth, the core of this philosophy remains essentially intact: New Balance values functionality over fashion. But while this certainly hasn’t killed the company, it has contributed partially to its stagnant position in the market with respect to more larger and more fashion-oriented competitors like Nike and Adidas. Unfortunately, many youths prize fashion over functionality. At a department store (Macy’s), I didn’t see a single pair of New Balance shoes on display. At Dick’s Sporting Goods the space allotted to New Balance was far less than that afforded to Nike or even Adidas, and Sports Authority seemed to carry even less New Balance. If New Balance wants to expand sales, it must first generate or demonstrate the excess demand is there...
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