...Signs You Shouldn't Ignore Concerning Your Transmission As you may know, your transmissions is one of the main components of your vehicle. It is what keeps your car moving as well as helps hold it in place. Therefore, if it starts acting up, you need to get it looked at immediately. But, how do you know if it is acting up. Below you will find a few signs that should never be ignored. Transmission or Clutch Slipping This is one of the most common transmission issues, yet it is also one of the worst. With how important the transmission is it is understandable that a slipping transmission is dangerous. This often seems like it is popping out of gear. It is also accustomed with a high whine. If you have a manual and you learn your clutch is...
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...How to Inspect and Replace the CV Joints Constant Velocity joints, commonly referred to as CV joints, are constant parts on the drive shafts of every vehicle. Be it front-wheel drive automobiles, rear wheel drive or all-wheel drive ones, proper motion cannot be realized with the absence of those CV joints. They are strategically positioned at both ends of the main drive shafts such that, the transmission of the car connects to the drive shaft through it, and at the same time, at the outer ends of the shafts, the drive shaft connects to the wheels, again, through the Constant velocity joints. As it is evident, there are both outer CV joints and inner ones and both have a common function; the inner ones transmit the torque from the car transmission to the drive shaft and likewise, the outer ones transmit the same torque to the wheels of the car. This, they are able to accomplish at constant speeds, hence their name. Additionally, the CV joints are also ideally made so that they can accommodate the up and down movement of the suspension, depending on the terrain. There is one major difference between the outer CV joints and the inner ones; they aren’t of the same type. The two types of CV joints are categorized into ball-type ones and tripod-type ones, with the ball-type CV joints being used in the outer part, and the tripod-type joints used as the inner CV joints in front-wheel drive vehicles. Now, CV joints problems and damages are a very rare occurrence since they never suffer...
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...main basic steps that you need to learn. First you need to get on level ground. When learning how, it is best if you can roll down the windows, this will help you better hear the engine sound so that you can know how when to adjust the gears also, don't forget to wear your seat belt. Secondly, you will need to learn to identify the pedals. In a manual car, there are three pedals. The pedal to the far right is the gas, also known as the accelerator, the middle pedal is the brake and to the far left is the clutch. The third step, one of the most important steps, is to learn what the clutch does. The clutch disengages the engine from the driveshaft allowing you to shift the gears on your transmission. Before you switch gears, the clutch must be depressed. Fourth step is to find the clutch pedal - the one to the far left - when you have identified the clutch begin to press it down and hold it to the floor. Also, it is a good idea to get used to steadily and slowly releasing the clutch. After you feel comfortable with the clutch you will move the shift knob into neutral. Neutral is the middle position that feels free when moving the shifter from side to side. When you are in neutral, the vehicle is now considered out of gear. This will be the fifth step. Sixthly, to start the engine you will have to push the clutch fully to the ground, while holding the clutch to the...
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...Describe the different safety precautions for unwrapping tracks on elevated sprocket vs. oval track machines. When it comes to unwrapping tracks, certain safety precautions must be taken in order to be sure that nobody is injured or killed while doing this process. The two different track types are elevated track, which is most commonly found on CAT bulldozers. The other type is oval track, this is often found on excavators and track loaders. Elevated tracks are more dangerous to unwrap than oval track. Therefore, it is crucial that certain safety precautions should be followed while performing the task. Elevated track is more dangerous because of the fact that the track is raised on an incline in order to contact the sprocket on the final drive. All track tension should be removed before beginning removal. It is common to remove the axles from the final drive which will allow the final drive to rotate freely. Once the track is disconnected, the weight pulling on the final drive can cause the tracks to unravel on their own. The tracks should be blocked before disconnecting in order to keep the track from rotating and the machine should be raised off the ground on proper rated jackstands. Be sure to position the track links that will be removed between the final drive and the rear idler. Be sure to clean the bushings and track links before using the proper tooling for separating the track to insure the tool works properly. When using a track press, make sure suitable lifting...
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...Activity 1.1.3 Gears – FT Introduction You do not have to look far to see gears. You might not think of an object such as a computer as having a lot of moving parts, but the CD tray on your computer is likely controlled by gears. A traditional watch is full of gears. The watch has one source of power or input that must move multiple hands continuously and at different speeds. Some watches also keep track of the day of the month. This may be low-tech by today’s standards, but imagine the challenge of choosing just the right gears to keep a watch synchronized. In a watch the gears are used to manipulate rotational speed. Gears are also used in many applications to control torque and rotational direction. Equipment fischertechnik gears and support pieces Calculator Procedure In this activity you will learn about gear ratios and how they affect speed and torque within a system. You will also construct simple and compound gear systems. Functions of Gears Gears change the speed of rotation. Gears change the direction of rotation. Gears change torque values. Gear Ratios By joining together two or more gears of different sizes, both the speed and the torque are changed from the input gear to the output gear. The larger gear within a system will always move slower and have more torque than the smaller gear. Gear Ratio (GR) is a comparison between the driver gear, also called the input (connected to the power source), and the gear being driven, or the output. Below are...
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...need a differential gear. A car differential is a place halfway between the wheels, on either the front or both axes. Main mechanisms: Wheels receive power from the motor via drive shaft. The power receiving wheels which makes the vehicle move fowrord are called as the drive wheels. Wheels receive power from the motor via drive shaft. The main function of the differential gear is to allow the drive wheels to turn at different Rpm while from the engine. The main characterics of differential is to, * To aim the engine power at wheels. * To transmit the power to the wheels while allowing them to rotate at differential speeds. the left wheel has to travel more distance compared to the right wheel. If the wheels where connected using a soil shaft. The wheels where connected using a soil shaft. The wheels would have to slip to accomplish the turn. The mechanism in a differential allows left and right wheels to turn at different Rpm, while transferring power to both the wheels. Differential parts: There are three types of gear available, Pinion drive gear: Transfers power from the drive shaft to the ring gear. Ring gear: Transfers power to the differential case assembly Side/Spider gears: Helps both wheels to turn independently while turning. Differential case assembly: Holds the ring gear and other components that drive the real axle. Power flow: First drive shaft spins the pinion gear. Pinion gear turns the larger ring gear. Ring gear attached to differential...
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...International Conference on Mechanical, Automobile and Biodiesel Engineering (ICMABE'2012) Oct. 6-7, 2012 Dubai (UAE) Comparative Study between Automatic and Manual Transmission Car Mayur R. Mogre In this position, a latch mechanism (not unlike a deadbolt lock on a door) is inserted into a slot in the output shaft to lock the drive wheels and keep them from turning, thereby preventing the vehicle from rolling. Let us study manual and automatic transmission individually. For transmission mode refer Fig. 1. Abstract— “Which transmission car is better?” is the most commonly raising question in every persons mind while buying a car in recent times. Which is followed by questions like “which is suitable for my need?”, “Which is more efficient?”, etc. Main thing that arises is about the fuel consumption and initial cost for automatic and manual transmission car. The presence of the clutch pedal plays an important role in manual transmission, which is absent in automatic transmission. This study tries to answer many questions that aeries for both transmission. It gives study about the comfort level in automatic and manual transmission car. Also gives deep study for the maintenance and initial cost of automatic and manual transmission car. Also deals with the advantages and disadvantages of both the automatic and manual transmission car. At the end of this study one can get all the answers related to the automatic and manual transmission. Keywords— Clutch...
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...Introduction Pulleys and sprockets achieve the same tasks as gears by transferring power through rotary motion. Depending on how pulleys and sprockets are applied, speed, direction, and torque can be modified within the system. Pulleys and sprockets are both used in everyday machines ranging from industrial applications to moving printer heads within a desktop printer. Typically, belts and pulleys are easier to manufacture, lighter weight, and less expensive to purchase than sprockets and chains. Although chains and sprockets are more difficult to manufacture and often noisier, they have the advantage of not slipping as easily and tend to be more durable then a belt and pulley system. Procedure In this activity you will learn about belt and pulley systems and sprocket and chain systems. You will calculate ratios of examples of both systems in a lab environment. Belt and Pulley Systems A driver pulley (input) powers one or more driven pulleys (output). The pulleys are connected by belts. The ratios are based on the relationship between the different pulleys. As shown in Figure 1, pulleys manipulate torque and speed. The ratios of belt and pulley systems are the same as for gears. The exception is that there are no teeth on a pulley to count, so you must rely on the diameter of each pulley. It is common for multiple pulleys to be used with a single belt as seen in Figure 2. 1. Assuming that Pulley A is the power source or input and...
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...Executive Summary The footwear industry is highly competitive industry with fairly stable profit margins. Active Gear is a profitable firm in the industry; however Active Gear is a smaller firm than many other competitors and its small size is becoming a competitive disadvantage. The rise of large retailers has also endangered Active Gear’s growth. Mercury Athletic Footwear designs and distributes athletic and casual footwear dominantly to the youth market. Mercury competes in four main product lines: men’s and women’s athletic and casual footwear. Men’s athletic footwear is the leading product for Mercury Athletic. Women’s casual footwear is Mercury’s worst performing product and post-acquisition the line may be discontinued by Active Gear. The acquisition of the Mercury Athletic division has sources of potential including an increase in Active Gear’s revenue, an increase in leverage with contract manufacturers, boosting capacity utilization and expanding its presence with retailers and distributors. Upon the review of the opportunity to acquire Mercury Athletic Footwear, the results of the financial analysis below indicate Active Gear should proceed with the acquisition. Based on the Free Cash Flow Method, considering the financial projections and assumptions for Mercury Athletic, indicate the acquisition has a positive net present value of $112,778,000 [Present Value of Future Cash Flows (59,440,000) + Terminal Value ($276,921,000) – Purchase Price ($223,583,000)]. There...
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...CITROËN TECHNICAL TRAINING PRESENTATION OF THE AL4 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION CITROËN UK LTD 221 BATH ROAD SLOUGH SL1 4BA _________________ DEALER PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING _________________ © CITROËN UK LTD. Reproduction whether partial or in full without written permission from Citroën UK Ltd is forbidden PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com A DOCUMENT SUMMARY PRESENTATION OF THE AL4 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION The aim of this document is to give a brief description of the design and operation of the electronically managed AL4 automatic transmission which offers precise, adaptive control as well as excellent gear changing quality. The following subjects are dealt with in this document: - Presentation of the transmission and various pieces of information, - The selector control, - Lubrication, - The converter, - The mechanism, - The ECU, - Auto-diagnostics, - The electrical circuit, - Unit maintenance. AL4 AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION © AUTOMOBILES CITROËN Toute reproduction ou traduction même partielle sans l'autorisation écrite d'AUTOMOBILES CITROËN est interdite et constitue une contrefaçon PDF created with pdfFactory trial version www.pdffactory.com B CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 : PRESENTATION - GENERAL ............................. III III IV VVI INTRODUCTION.............................................................................. PRESENTATION .......................................
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...Executive Summary The footwear industry is highly competitive industry with fairly stable profit margins. Active Gear is a profitable firm in the industry; however Active Gear is a smaller firm than many other competitors and its small size is becoming a competitive disadvantage. The rise of large retailers has also endangered Active Gear s growth. Mercury Athletic Footwear designs and distributes athletic and casual footwear dominantly to the youth market. Mercury competes in four main product lines: men s and women s athletic and casual footwear. Men s athletic footwear is the leading product for Mercury Athletic. Women s casual footwear is Mercury s worst performing product and post-acquisition the line may be discontinued by Active Gear. The acquisition of the Mercury Athletic division has sources of potential including an increase in Active Gear s revenue, an increase in leverage with contract manufacturers, boosting capacity utilization and expanding its presence with retailers and distributors. Upon the review of the opportunity to acquire Mercury Athletic Footwear, the results of the financial analysis below indicate Active Gear should proceed with the acquisition. Based on the Free Cash Flow Method, considering the financial projections and assumptions for Mercury Athletic, indicate the acquisition has a positive net present value of $112,778,000 [Present Value of Future Cash Flows (59,440,000) + Terminal Value ($276,921,000) Purchase Price ($223,583,000)]. There are...
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...ANALYSIS OF CONTACT STRESS OF SPUR GEAR BY FEM 1 Dr. JITENDRA KUMAR PANDEY, 2 CHANDRA PRAKASH 1 Associate Professor 2 M. Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department NRIIST BHOPAL (M.P) India Email: 1jitendra.me@gmail.com, 2chandraprakash210@gmail.com Abstract: Gears which are most widely used for transmission of power from one shaft to the shaft are considered in this paper for analysis and hence predict the stresses in them using the most versatile numerical techniques in practice, the Finite Element Method (FEM). In all spur gears are the most preferred type of gear because of simplicity of use & manufacturing with high degree of transmission efficiency. They develop high stress concentration at the root and the point of contact...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Definition The rated power generated from the engine of a heavy duty vehicle can only become useful when effectively transmitted from the engine via the fly wheel to the transmission system of the truck and finally to the final drive. The propeller shaft or the drive shaft which is the mechanical component used for transmitting torque and rotation is used in transmitting these generated power to the final drive. However, when the Ghana Armed Forces introduced the Chinese made Dong Feng trucks which are five ton troop carrying vehicles (TCVs) for its operations, their propeller shafts recorded a high rate of failure. This inevitably affected the morale of troops and the operations of the Ghana Armed Forces. Some drivers of the truck fearing the propeller shaft failure could result in accident, hanged nylon rope or chain under the trucks to prevent a failed shaft from striking the ground. Below are pictures to that effect. This project therefore aims at identifying the causes of the failures of propeller shafts and recommend mitigating measures to them. Fig. 1.1 Nylon Rope Beneath the Propeller Shaft 1.2 Objectives The objectives of this project work are: * To identify the causes of propeller shaft failure of heavy duty trucks at the Base Workshop. * To recommend mitigating and preventive measures to the problems. 1.3 Justification It is anticipated that the findings of this project will...
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...CHASSIS 1 INTRODUCTION “Chassis” a French term which means the complete Automobiles without Body and it includes all the systems like power plant, transmission, steering, suspension, wheels tyres, auto electric system etc. A vehicle without body is called as a chassis. If Body is also attached to it them it is known as the particular vehicle as per the shape and design of the body. 1.1 BASIC LAYOUT OF CHASSIS FRAME Figure 1 Chassis layout Figure 1 shows the layout of chassis. It shows that the engine is located at the front end of the vehicle. It is connected to the gear box through clutch. The drive of the engine can be connected or disconnected from the gearbox with the help of the clutch pedal. From the gearbox, the power is transmitted to the differential through propeller shaft and finally to the wheels via rear axles. 2 MAIN COMPONENTS OF CHASSIS 2.1 FRAME The frame is the main part of the chassis on which remaining parts of chassis are mounted. The frame should be extremely rigid and strong so that it can withstand shocks, twists, stresses and vibrations to which it is subjected while vehicle is moving on road. It is also called under body. The frame is supported on the wheels and tyre assemblies. The frame is narrow in the front for providing short turning radius to front wheels. It widens out at the rear side to provide larger space in the body. 2.1.1 FUNCTIONS OF FRAME 1. To carryall the stationary loads attached to it and loads of passenger...
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...Case 11 Gap, Inc. Jeri Schuster Dickinson State University History Gap Inc. is a retailer located at America at San Francisco that deals with clothing and accessories. It was founded in year 1969. It is one of the world largest giant's dealers in the apparel retailers. It has more than 3000 stores and branches in the United States, Canada, Britain France, Ireland and Japan. In 2009, it registered fiscal revenue of 14.2 billion dollars. This shows how it operates at great budget and has high revenue. Therefore, the profit margin is also high. The most apparel brand in the word that it operates is five and consists of Piperlime, Antheta, Old Navy, Gap and Banana Republic. Executive Summary The apparel industry consists of the lifestyle and is much saturated in the provision of the clothing and the accessories. Completion is high and, therefore, the Gap Inc had the strategy to target new markets. It has established new physical store locations that improved the margin from other businesses in the industry. This has enhanced its brand image. It has also had many branches stores outside United State that consist of more than 300. This gives Gap Inc. aplenty room of expansion hence growth globally because it is well known. The feasibility of development of the Gap, Inc. and the business proposal evaluation shows great opportunities at the China market. This has been made possible through analysis of the company's environment at the capacity of the internal and external levels...
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