...Introduction Many organisations today use total quality management framework to improve their management and product continually to meet the customer requirement. Total quilty management is an approach that use to involve each person in the orgnasation and fixes the mistakes . (Talha, 2004) The aim of this essay is to evaluate, discuss and critically analyse the case study of coke and lewis laboratory on how developing the total quality systems in the organisation . The author will discuss the challenges that faced the organisation of setting up the two quality management system .Furthermore; it is going to choose a suitable system for coke and lewis laboratory. Back ground The company provides critical testing and calibration for the pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry in Europe and United Kingdom. It has good reputation because of its excellences equipments .However, because of the expansion and challenge of other organisation they decide to restructure the quality in each stage of their process .Moreover, they brought a consultant and use ‘top-down’ approach .the results of it was negative, so the company change to another plan which team working approach .However the second approaches show some successful but the company need to improve its quality. Evaluating of the two approaches The first strategy was Top-down approach. Is plan at the top level and to achieve the objectives of top management its come the objective for bottom level Peratec Ltd...
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...Introduction Working Groups were created to work and write standards and are open to anyone to participate. They strive for broad representation of all interested parties and encourage global participation. IEEE standards have a comprehensive listing of working groups but not all have public viewable websites. I will focus on the Information Technology working group with the sub-directory of Software and Systems Engineering. The IEEE Computer Society is the largest association for computer professionals in the world and was founded more than 50 years ago. The Software and Systems Engineering Group/Committee mission is to develop and maintain a family of software and systems engineering standards that are relevant, coherent, comprehensive and effective in use. These standards are developed for use by practitioners, organizations, and educators to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their software engineering processes, and also to improve communications between acquirers and suppliers and the quality of delivered software and systems containing software. They also work to support and promote a Software Engineering Body of Knowledge, certification mechanisms for software engineering professionals, and other products contributing to the profession of software engineering. Justification of IEEE 802 standard used in networking Looking from the outside it looks simple to connect computers through networks. But with everything in life, there should be rules and...
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...year´s end. Having in mind this current market conditions with an uprising demand forecast for precast materials and the expected increase in competition the Blanket approval initiative would help the industry avoid the current 28 day burocratic government approval process by simply re-submitting the same approved projects thus reducing 1 month lead time giving them aprox 2 month extra capacity. Another crucial factor is cost, by getting approval they would save the expensive professional fees regarding the review process they would also achieve product standardization that would eventually lead to lower costs and thus help the industry players get in a good shape for this upcoming market expansion and meet the new government demands. If Mr.Li achieves to persuade government to pass this initiative he must be aware that there is a risk involved, Unicon´s current leadership position could be threatened as product standardization reduces costs thus entry barriers will be reduced and new players will be able to enter the market therefore Mr.Li must quickly take advantage of Unicon´s unique position of being the pioneer of this initiative to try to get on the...
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...“The First Impression” Conditions Precedent: n Send memo and e-mail to all those that may be attending. State place and time of meeting. n Prepare PowerPoint to accompany presentation during meeting. Meeting Points: n Present State of “Gourmet’s Delight” o For the last 6 consecutive months we have had declining profits. o Reported net loss of $10 million in Q4. o Our Chief Financial Officer has resigned. o New appointment of Jeffery A. Blade as Chief Financial Officer ▪ Most recently, Vice President of Finance for Cott Beverages USA ▪ Has led many companies from financial disarray to structured organization leading to financial control and profit growth o Establish new vision and mission statements ▪ New Vision Statement: “ Gourmet’s Delight is a modern American concept and we intend to lead and dominate the premium bistro segment in the restaurant industry.” ▪ New Mission Statement: “ To consistently serve our patrons the highest quality salads and sandwiches, using only the freshest ingredients, while offering the finest service and the lowest possible price.” n The Future of “Gourmet’s Delight” o Forecasting profits of $3 million in Q1. o Forecasting profits of $15 million for 2010. n Growing our business o Strategic ▪ No expansion set for 2010. ▪ Managing Labor • Establishing mandatory breaks • Strategic scheduling • Constant management involvement in units ▪ Managing Food Cost • Counting inventory before opening and after...
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...CIO leadership – IS/IT for Managers Core D – Group 4 Q.1. If you were Jim Barton, how are you going to address the 3 questions raised by Bernie Ruben about blogging and other emerging technologies in the company? Bernie Ruben raises three questions about blogging and emerging technologies at IVK. What, if anything, should we do about this blog entry? As Jim Barton, we don’t want Carl Williams to know anything about the blog about IVK. He will be mad if he learns that a description of June 28 events are available on the Internet. As it seems to be a blog not read by a big amount of people, we should just don’t talk about it and try to make the blogger turn off his page indirectly. Do nothing. What should be our general policy about blogging based on inside information from within the company? Jim Barton has to settle a policy to prevent people putting stuff about IVK on their computer or online. IVK’s employees have to know that they cannot talk about work outside of work. We, as the CIO, have to work with the compliance department to design the confidentiality policy. If we build this policy in a way that the blogger understands that he is out of compliance it should make him correct his blog by himself without any action of the company. The policy should not be only about blogs but about also about Web 2.0 technologies. It has to be acute enough to avoid to blindside IVK’s IT department again. A good way to get Williams understand the issue could be to enlighten...
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...Accounting Standards Building international opportunities for Australian business Corporate Law Economic Reform Program Proposals for Reform: Paper No. 1 © Commonwealth of Australia 1997 ISBN 0 642 26110 5 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Australian Government Publishing Service. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction rights should be directed to the Manager, Commonwealth Information Services, Australian Government Publishing Service, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. The Government is seeking comments from interested parties on the detail of the proposals in this paper which should be forwarded to the following address: First Assistant Secretary Business Law Division The Treasury Parkes Place PARKES ACT 2600 Telephone: 02 6263 3960 Fax: 02 6263 2882 Email: clerp@treasury.gov.au Copies of this paper are available from the Australian Government Publishing Service and on the Treasury web site (http://www.treasury.gov.au). Enquiries concerning the paper can be made to: Ms Veronique Ingram Assistant Secretary The Treasury Telephone: 02 6263 3970 Printed by the Australian Government Publishing Service TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abbreviations PART 1: PART 2: Reform Proposals Introduction 2.1 2.2 PART 3: Background Key economic principles v 1 9 9 10 11 11 12 13 13 14 16 17 19 19 19 20 22 23 The Case for Reform 3.1 3.2 Impetus...
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...Gaps in Semantics of ‘Knows’ [Word Counts: Main text: 3330 words Footnotes: 581 words Abstract: 80 words] Abstract Keith DeRose has proposed that different participants in a conversation do not have different contextually determined standards for knowledge-ascriptions. Rather, there is one contextually determined standard for the whole conversation. On this ‘single scoreboard’ view, when different participants use different standards, the semantics for ‘knows’ have a truth-value gap. This essay discusses a variety of cases in which truth-value gaps will arise on single-scoreboard contextualist views. These gaps will be widespread, but that is not an argument against single-scoreboard contextualism. Keith DeRose has argued extensively for contextualism about the word ‘knows’: that the standards for what counts as knowledge are determined by the context in which the knowledge ascription is made. But DeRose does not hold that the context-sensitivity of ‘knows’ means that both parties to an apparent dispute about knowledge can be right. Some contextually sensitive terms, such as ‘I’, can take on different semantic values in the course of a single exchange, so that one person’s utterance of “I am sitting” and another’s utterance of “I am not sitting” can both be true. DeRose (2004), however, argues that the standards for knowledge never vary within a single exchange in a way that could make true one person’s utterance of “S knows that p” and...
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...Scope under ADJR Act? – Review under Federal Court ‘decision to which this Act applies’ - decision - administrative character - under an enactment Are the ‘standards’ a decision? S9 of the Act gives authority to the requirement that home loans must conform with ‘the standards’. In order for the standards to be characterised as a decision, it must be final or operative (Bond) or a condition precedent to the ultimate decision, been decision of Harry Mac to purchase or not purchase the mortgage. The ‘Standards’ released by ABC is not final or operative of whether Harry Mac would purchase the mortgage. Harry Mac is limited but not compelled to purchase only home loans which conform as it may also apply additional criteria ‘which in its opinion are suitable to promote housing affordability’. Therefore, this gives Harry Mac statutory discretion. Conformity to the standards is therefore not an essential condition leading to the ultimate decision. Alternative source may be Judiciary Act s39B(1)- its scope is not restricted by the concept of ‘decision’ or ‘conduct. Jurisdiction with respect in any matter…officer of the Commonwealth. Between parties- includes dispute between parties to be determined by the court- exclusion of hypothetical questions from the matter concept. Officer. Offices of the commonwealth- institutional nexus being between the decision-maker and the government Is it of an administrative character? - standards were formulated by Association...
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...With competing giants like GE and Whirlpool not having an eye for minor details/ trends in the market and with Haier’s strategy to offer simple innovations to their products using market research and R&D facilities, Haier believed that they could have their own separate position in the market which would enable them to increase penetration, brand awareness and revenues. Similar to how Dell started selling customized laptops, it is recommended that Haier too should offer customers the option to customize their refrigerators. Customers must be allowed to select add on features as per their needs like ones mentioned below: * Color, capacity (small, medium or large) and door style (French, double, etc.) of the refrigerators based on standard options. * Placement of drawers, bins and containers from standard size options. * Placement of freezer at the top or the bottom along with its standardized capacity. * Option to include water and ice dispenser/ blast chiller/ fresh food de-humidifier/ coffee maker. * Option to include ‘smart’ tablet to store messages and suggest recipes based on ingredients inserted. Tablet could also be used to view contents inside the refrigerator via camera without having to open the door thereby conserving energy. This formula of providing customers with what they need has worked in the past for Haier in Europe, Pakistan and Japan. Implementation of this recommendation would enable Haier to continue to cater to needs of individuals...
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...Indian Accounting Standards: Scope, Procedure and Compliance by Puneet Accounting Advertisements: Formation of the Accounting Standards Board: The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, recognizing the need to harmonies the diverse accounting policies and practices at present in use in India, constituted an Accounting Standards Board (ASB) on 21st April, 1977. Scope and Functions of Accounting Standards Board: The main function of ASB is to formulate accounting standards so that such standards may be established by the Council of the Institute in India. While formulating the accounting standards, ASB will take into consideration the applicable laws, customs, usages and business environment. The Institute is one of the Members of the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) and has agreed to support the objectives of IASC. While formulating the Accounting Standards, ASB will give due consideration to International Accounting Standards, issued by IASC and try to integrate them, to the extent possible, in the light of the conditions and practices prevailing in India. The Accounting Standards will be issued under the authority of the Council. ASB has also been entrusted with the responsibility of propagating the Accounting Standards and of persuading the concerned parties to adopt them in the preparation and presentation of financial statements. ASB will issue guidance notes on the Accounting Standards and give clarifications on issues arising there from...
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... First, in applying a particular standard in practice, preparers (and auditors) are required to focus the accounting (and attestation) decisions on fulfilling the accounting objective of that standard. This minimizes the opportunities for financial engineering designed to evade the intent of the standard. Second, each standard is drafted in accordance with objectives set by an overarching, coherent conceptual framework meant to unify the accounting system as a whole. Third, this approach eschews exceptions, which by their very nature are contrary to fulfilling a principled objective, create internal inconsistencies within the standard, and, inherently, create a need for more detailed guidance. Fourth, it also eschews bright-line tests, which often are a product of the exceptions. These are inherently contrary to any principled objective, because a slight shift in the form or structure of a transaction can cause it to move across the threshold resulting in profoundly different accounting for transactions that are economically similar. Finally, objectives-oriented standards clearly articulate the class of transactions to which they apply and contain sufficiently-detailed guidance so that preparers and auditors have a structure in which to determine the appropriate accounting for the company's transactions. In general, the possible degrees of specificity to which accounting standards may be drafted constitute a spectrum ranging from the abstract, at one end, to the very...
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...Introduction Accounting theory is aiming to provide a coherent set of conceptual principles which form the general frame of reference for the explanation and development of facts of the accounting practices. There is no universally accepted single theory of accounting since there are so many different perspectives on the role of accounting theory. Also, a researcher’s own experience and value can effect which theory they support. This paper is mainly focus on the positive accounting theory and normative accounting theory. Positive accounting theory is introduced by accountants, which seeks to explain and make good predictions of real world phenomena then translate them to accounting practice, rather than prescribing such practice. For example, which particular accounting policies are likely to be adopted by a firm; or how a firm will react to the recently introduced accounting standards. This theory is based on the proposition that individuals (e.g. managers, shareholders and regulators) are rational and that they are motivated to maximize their own benefits, so they organize themselves efficiently. However, the limitation is people tend to lose the notions of morality and ethics. Positive accounting theory is also help to explain the relationships between individuals and the role accounting play in such relationships, like agency relationship. The agency relationship describes the relationship between the principals (e.g. shareholders) and agents (e.g. managers). Rely on the...
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...Sandra E Matos FASB Codification ACCT 525 Professor Dorothy Brandt Week 3 Abstract The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) was created in 1973 with the purpose of the board is to (according with FASB) establish standards of financial accounting that govern the preparation of financial reports by nongovernmental entities. Those standards are officially recognized as authoritative by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) (Financial Reporting Release No. 1, Section 101, and reaffirmed in its April 2003 Policy Statement) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (Rule 203, Rules of Professional Conduct, as amended May 1973 and May 1979). FASB Accounting Standards Codification (Accounting Standards Codification) which represents the source of authoritative standards of accounting and reporting, other than those issued by the SEC, recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities. Some of those standards are; ASC 830-230-55-1 - Statement of Cash Flows for Manufacturing Entity with Foreign Operations, ASC 926-330-35-1 - Products Held for Sale, ASC 954-440-25-2 - Continuing Care Retirement Community, ASC 505-20-50-1 – Equity, Stock Dividends and Stock Split and Disclosure, ASC 710-10-05-6 - Compensated Absences. FASB Accounting Standards Codification (Accounting Standards Codification) which represents the source of authoritative standards of accounting and reporting...
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...Insurance Contracts This project deals with the accounting for insurance contracts. As stated on the site, “accounting for insurance contracts does not provide users with the information they need to meaningfully understand the insurer’s financial position, performance and risk exposure.” Additionally, IFRS does not provide the proper guidance to how insurers should handle certain issues. The main goal of the Insurance Contracts project is to provide a single principle-based standard to account for all types of insurance contracts. Also, because comparability between entities is largely lacking today, the Insurance Contracts project also aims to enhance the comparability of financial reporting between them. The Insurance project is broken down into 2 phases. The first phase coincides with the issuance of ‘IFRS 4 Insurance Contracts,’ which “offered limited improvement in account by insurers and enhanced disclosures on amount, timing and uncertainty of future cash flows from insurance contracts.” Phase 2 will be the issuance of a new Insurance Contracts Standard, which will actually replace IFRS 4 (Insurance Contracts). Leases The Leases project deals with the reporting of lease information to investors and analysts. The main goal of the project is to develop a new standard that will establish the guidance for entities to follow on reporting information regarding the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from a lease. As stated in the work plan, in...
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...case-study based on the export venture of Renova Black toilet paper was developed. In addition to the analysis of secondary data, interviews were conducted with 3 Renova managers, 3 trade customers and 10 consumers. Findings suggest that an international marketing strategy simultaneously standardized and adapted to new export markets forms a good fit with the existence of limited resources, light structure and centralized decision making possible due to firms’ reduced size. This study presents important insights for managers of small players in the global marketplace attempting to boost the internationalization process. It also broadens our understanding on the standardization versus adaptation debate using a fresh perspective. Keywords: International Marketing Strategy, Exports, Standardization, Adaptation. 1. Introduction The concept of Blue Ocean Strategy (Kim and Mauborgne, 2005) refers to value innovation as the solution for creating new market space through the simultaneous pursuit of differentiation and low cost strategies. However, a Blue Ocean Strategy implies assuming high risks as the size of the new market demand cannot be predicted (Lages, 2012). In order to mitigate this risk, Lages (2012) suggests that firms must adopt a GloCal mindset based on the identification of unknown similar needs and values across markets. This is how firms can render their marketplace global and satisfy regional needs, while benefiting from economies of scale...
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