...Statistics Cheat Sheet Proportion = Frequency x 100 = Percentage Total No | Z score (standardised value)-how many sds from the mean the value liesZ score = data value – mean Standard deviation | Metric Data = ExploreCategory = Frequencies | Bigger sample size will give a narrower confidence interval range (more specific) outliers affect the mean but not the median – this is why the median is preferred here. | | Reports -Only give confidence interval if signicant-All values to 2 dec pts except the p-value Experimental = IV is manipulated to see the effect on the DV Observational = Information just observed & recorded | P-Value Significant Figurep-value < 0.05 = Significantp-value < 0.05 = Not Significant The probability that our test statistic takes the observed value Always leave at 3 decimal places | Levene’s Test-Used to test if equal variancesIf significant (<0.05)– use equal variances not assumed rowIf not significant (>0.05)– use equal variances assumed row | Dependent Variable = the variable in which we expect to see a changeIndependent Variable = The variable which we expect to have an effect on the dependent variable Example: There will be a statistically significant difference in graduation rates of at-risk high-school seniors who participate in an intensive study program as opposed to at-risk high-school seniors who do not participate in the intensive study program." (LaFountain & Bartos, 2002, p. 57)IV: Participation...
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...Question 1 # sold | P(x) | 0 | 0.1 | 1 | 0.11 | 2 | 0.2 | 3 | 0.23 | 4 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.06 | Question 2: The average rate of occurrence of accidents was 8.15 per week. A) during that time, what is the probability of getting less than 3 accidents a week? Use poisson for this question. Since it is less that 3 accidents, x = 0,1,2 (Px=o) = [(8.15^0) (e^8.15)] / 0! = 0.00288735. (Px=1) = [(8.15^1) (e^8.15)] / 1! = 0.002353193. (Px=2) = [(8.15^2) (e^8.15)] / 2! = 0.009589362. Add all these results together, and p(x<3) is 0.01223119. B) The probability if an accident on the road is 0.295. Out of 10 reportable accidents, what is the probability that 2 occurred on the road? Use Binomial for this. Since it is exactly 2, we need to find P(x=2). Use the binomial formula, n = 10, x = 2, p = 0.295, and q is 0.705. = 10!/2!(10-2)! * 0.205 ^2 * q^ 10-2. Answer is 0.23898436. Question 3: 15% of drivers have a probationary license and 85% have a regular license. In a given year, 10% of drivers with probationary licenses are involved in an accident. 2.5% of regular drivers are involved in an accident. For this question it is better to draw a tree diagram. Question 4: Mean values for income for men are 100K, for woman, 80K. SD deviations of 20K and 15K respectively. Variables are normally distributed and independent. Calculate the 95th percentile, for men income. 95th p = 0.95. In the zscore table, we find a value of 1.64. Us e the formula for z-score (population) : 1...
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... Cheating: * Any attempt to give or obtain assistance in a formal academic exercise (like an examination) without due acknowledgment. * dishonesty and breaking the rules. Reasons of cheating 1. Performance concerns * Need to excel at any cost 2. External pressures * Academic * Semester workload too heavy * Others’ cheating puts me at disadvantage * Professor/text did not adequately explain material * Too many tests on one day * Nonacademic * Pressure from parents * Job leaves no time for study * Illness prevents adequate preparation * GPA for athletic qualification * Financial aid depends on GPA * Good grades needed for job or graduate school 3. Unfair professors * Overly harsh grading * Unfair tests designed to fail students * Unreasonable workload in course 4. Lack of effort * Did not attend class * Did not study, do reading, etc. 5. Adherence to other loyalties * Helping a friend * Loyalty to a group (fraternity) 6. All’s fair in love and academia 7. Opportunity * Unexpected opportunity arose * Instructor left room during exam * Instructor wasn’t watching carefully * Other students didn’t cover their paper 8. Campus ethos * Others do it * No one ever really gets punished/caught Some ways of cheating 1. Copying Homework ...
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...“The Cheater cheats himself of an education. His actions imply that he either does not understand what a quality education is or does not care about getting one…” (Bishop). While Bishop makes an excellent point, we must first understand that 1) an individual knows they are cheating and 2) they will rationalize and justify cheating so that they can morally continue to do it. The former is simple to affirm by common sense. An individual doesn’t simply stumble upon homework answers or unintentionally peek at a deskmates answer sheet during an exam. The latter is eloquently portrayed by Maria Konnikova in her piece, “Inside the Cheater’s...
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...Chapter 1 – Introduction to Statistics 1-1 Review and Preview * Data – are collections of observations, such as measurements, genders, or survey responses. (A single data is a called a datum, a term that does nog see very much use.) * Statistics – is the science of planning studies and experiments; obtaining data; and then organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, and interpreting those data and then drawing conclusion based on them. * Population – is the complete collection of all measurements or data that are being considered. * Census – is the collection of data from every member of the population. * Sample – is a sub-collection of members selected from a population Statistics Cheat Sheet Chapter 2 – Summarizing and Graphing Data Section 2-1: Review and Preview * Characteristics of Data * 1. Center: A representative value that indicates where the middle of the data set is located. * 2. Variation: A measure of the amount that the data values very. * 3. Distribution: The nature or shape of the spread of the data over the range of values (such as bell-shaped). * 4. Outliners: Sample values that lie very far away from the vast majority of the other sample values. * 5. Time: Any change in the characteristics of the data over time. * Study Hint: Blind memorization is not effective in remembering information. To remember the above characteristics of data, it may be helpful to use a memory...
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...CHAPTER1&2 Cheat Sheet Range = Max –Min Mean =average Median=median Mode=mode Descriptive Statistics: Collecting, organizing, summarizing, and presenting data in a numerical or graphic form. (Average; high, low; % change; predict forecast) Inferential Statistics: process of making conclusions using data that are subject to random, variation, for ex; observational Stratified Random Sample: divide the population into segments, - “strats” Systematic Random Sampling: Starting at a random point in the listing of units of the frame, instead of starting at the first unit. Bin: is highest number in each class ex: 40 to under than 50 would 49 Relative Frequency- You take the first number from the first cell of FREQUENCY and you / by your TOTAL (MAKE SURE TO ADD $$$$$$$$) Less Than Cumulative Frequency-The students from 40 to under 50 = 3 second Cell is “=(50 to under 60)” will add then drag down (In the first cell you take from the LESS THAN CUMM. FREQUENCY FIRST CELL and you / from the TOTAL.) More Than Cumulative Frequency- In the first cell you just copy and paste from the first cell of FREQUENCY. In the SECOND cell, you copy your first cell from this Cullum and you – your TOTAL.The first cell is the total of frequency.The second cell is “=(with the “30” on top, subtract the number in the frequency column) Formula Px= Lx + I (x) (N (x) x/ 100- Efc)Fx This formula is only used for GROUPED DATA Percentiles =percentile.exc ( A1 : A30 ) only use this short...
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...Due on 4/29 * Test corrections * Final Paper – Hard Copy * Final Exam – 15 questions – each worth similar points * Review midterms 1, and 2 in its entirety * Chapter 14 and 15 new material – complete the problem set on blackboard * Blue book and tables and calculator * 2 sides of 8 x10 * 14 and 15 all sections – not going to give us 30 observations and ask us to calculate the coefficient. No calculation formulas in the chapters. Put on the cheat sheet what a generic model looks like, a generic estimation. * Might have to interpret residuals, what is the formula for residuals, why do we calculate residuals. * Residual is the difference between the observed value and expected value of y…I think…… So imagine that I am in the city council and I want to be able to estimate the number of police officers for my city, From my data set I want to look at the relationship between officers and crime. Maybe the best way to complete this is to look at population. My initial hypothesis is that the size of the city is going to determine the number of officers. This means that my alternative hypothesis is that there is no connections between the size of the city and the number of officers. The intuition behind this is that the larger the city in square miles, the more officers we need patrolling the area. Moreover, it makes sense that the amount of crime also is connected to the number of officers. In order to begin to understand the relationship...
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...10/23/2015 Solutions (2x^2sqrt(ab^3))(3xsqrt(a^3b^3)) Step by Step Calculator Symbolab j's Notebook Practice Cheat Sheets ACT English Coming Soon! Blog Help Step by Step Calculator Solve algebra, trigonometry and calculus problems step-by-step Enter a topic Pre Algebra (new) Factors & Primes Fractions Long Arithmetic Like full pad » x 2 x □ x□ log□ ∂ ∂x ∫ □ □ ≤ ≥ □ □ ÷ lim ∫□ d dx (☐)' √☐ √☐ ∑ ∞ θ Follow ( f ◦ g) x ◦ π Decimals Exponents & Radicals Percents Mean, Median & Mode ( 2x2√ ab3 )( 3x√ a3b3 ) Examples » Algebra Matrices & Vectors Functions & Graphing Geometry (new) Go ( 2√ Solving 2x 3 ab )( 3x√ a3b3 ) ( Solve f ( x ) = 2x 2 √ ab3 )( 3x√ a3b3 ) instead » Solution Trigonometry Calculus Statistics ( 3x√ a3b3 )( 2x2√ ab3 ) = 6x3√ ab3 √ a3b3 « Hide Steps Related Symbolab blog posts Steps Practice Makes Perfect ( 3x√ a3b3 )( 2x2√ ab3 ) Learning math takes practice, lots of pra Just like running, it takes practice and Remove parentheses: = 2 · 3x x√ ab 2 2 3 2 = 6x 3 1+2 all types of math, you need... 2· 3=6 √ a 3b 3 Apply exponent rule: x x= x dedication. If you want to be really goo √ a 3b 3 3 Multiply the numbers: = 6x x√ ab (a) = a = x b c a · a =a My Notebook, the Symbolab way ...
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...T B EO C N E T : AL F O TN S Peae rfc A o th po rm b u te rga G n rl d i o pe aainpoes e ea a v e n rp rt c o rcs C Al e1 xm -h b gn ig f ln ra F e l ea te einn o a o g o d v C Al e2 xm - a w y h r F e l ea h l a tee v f C Al e3 xm -h l t l F e l ea tea mi v s e O h r sflno te ueu if Tp fr a dd ts iso cn iae Atr od f wr e 1 4 1 0 2 2 5 5 6 6 7 1 8 9 9 7 Guide for the CFA exam by TimePrep PREFACE Welcome to the world of the CFA program! Since you're reading this, it is likely that you are a CFA candidate, or you are considering becoming one. Either way, we hope that you will find this book helpful. The general idea behind this book is to offer CFA candidates useful advice, written by other CFA candidates and charter holders. There are several segments of the book and we recommend going through them all since it is not a heavy read, and it may prove useful for your preparation. The book starts with general information about the CFA program – the basics of the program, benefits of attending it, the complexity of the program in whole etc. In the second chapter we will provide you with some general advice in preparation – how to organize your time, what strategy elements to use, how to find time for studying and also an overview of the various prep tools that can help you. The following three chapters of the book are each related to one of the levels of the CFA Exam – here you can read various useful information regarding study materials, types of questions that appear...
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...ATTITUDES AND SOCIAL COGNITION The Dark Side of Creativity: Original Thinkers Can Be More Dishonest Francesca Gino Harvard University Dan Ariely Duke University Creativity is a common aspiration for individuals, organizations, and societies. Here, however, we test whether creativity increases dishonesty. We propose that a creative personality and a creative mindset promote individuals’ ability to justify their behavior, which, in turn, leads to unethical behavior. In 5 studies, we show that participants with creative personalities tended to cheat more than less creative individuals and that dispositional creativity is a better predictor of unethical behavior than intelligence (Experiment 1). In addition, we find that participants who were primed to think creatively were more likely to behave dishonestly than those in a control condition (Experiment 2) and that greater ability to justify their dishonest behavior explained the link between creativity and increased dishonesty (Experiments 3 and 4). Finally, we demonstrate that dispositional creativity moderates the influence of temporarily priming creativity on dishonest behavior (Experiment 5). The results provide evidence for an association between creativity and dishonesty, thus highlighting a dark side of creativity. Keywords: creativity, ethics, morality, moral flexibility, unethical behavior Evil always turns up in this world through some genius or other. —Denis Diderot (1713–1784) The ability to generate...
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...NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY - GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION MGSC 6200: DATA ANALYSIS Spring, 2015 Instructor Information Name: Dr. Nizar Zaarour E-mail address: n.zaarour@neu.edu Office: 214 Hayden Hall Office hours: Monday and Wednesday: 12 – 2 PM and by appointment. Course Overview The objectives of this course are: (1) To provide you with an understanding of statistical methods and techniques and their usefulness in the decision-making process, (2) To expose you to the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics and how can be used to solve business problems, (3) To improve upon your data analysis and computer skills, (4) To help you develop the skills to recognize the appropriate statistical tool to analyze business problems, and (5) To provide you with the necessary tools for critical evaluation, correct interpretation, and presentation of the results of statistical analyses. Textbook and Software 1) Business Statistics: For Contemporary Decision Making, 7th Edition, by Ken Black, (Wiley). 2) Microsoft Excel. Course Organization The course web page is located in the Blackboard system at http://blackboard.neu.edu. Course materials and announcements will be posted on the course site. A Blackboard tutorial is available at http://www.discoveringblackboard.neu.edu. The textbook is quite easy to read and covers a lot of ground. However, some of the topics are not covered in depth. Class discussions, handouts, and my lecture notes will fill these gaps. Course...
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...“Attendance Monitoring in EARIST” INTRODUCTION The emergence of electronic paradigm for learning compared to traditional method and availability of almost all information on the information superhighway(Internet), nowadays have caused students to be less motivated to come to the lecture rooms than ever before. Laziness on the part of students, nonchalance to school work, extra social activities that have no importance in aiding the objectives of the institution and a lot more, may prevent students from attending lectures. Sequel to these, lecturers and administrators in most developing countries have had to come up with ways to ensure a healthy participation from students, and make sure that the student-lecturer interactive relationship is kept intact. This in some cases have come in simple forms like roll calls, while in more interesting cases, can be formats like surprise quizzes, extra credit in class, etc. These strategies are however time consuming, stressful and laborious because the valuable lecture time that could otherwise been used for lectures is dedicated to student attendance taking [8] and sometimes not accurate. In addition to all these challenges, the attendances are recorded manually by the tutor and therefore are prone to personal errors. There arises a need for a more efficient and effective method of solving this problem. A technology that can solve this problem and even do more is the RFID technology. RFID is an automated identification and data...
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...The No Child Left Behind Act By: Carroll Zentz Abstract The No Child Left behind Act is a law that was formulated by George W. Bush within one week of being in office in 2001. A few months later the law passed in January of 2002. The reason the No Child Left behind Act was enacted was to better the education for the children of America. The No Child Left behind Act is a very controversial topic, due to the lack of funding provided by the government, and how teachers get laid off for not being deemed �highly qualified� teachers. However, statistics have indicated that the No Child Left behind Act has helped to make an improvement in the education for the youth of America. No Child Left Behind Act The No Child Left behind (NCLB) Act is now a United States federal law that was created to improve the public school system. This is the first amendment that has been made since the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. President George W. Bush felt that the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was inadequate. So he devised his own way to try and improve it, thus creating the No Child Left behind Act. Another reason George W. Bush created the No Child Left behind Act is because he was noticing that the achievement gap between minority students and white students was growing. The No Child Left behind Act has many theories that should equal perfection according to President Bush. Some of these theories entail all students being proficient by the 2013-2014...
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...A code of professional conduct is an essential factor that contributes to an effective business environment, and overall business success. In accounting, a code of conduct is vital due to the sensitivity and exposure of confidential information. When there’s a lack of compliance to the code of ethics, there is a greater chance/opportunity for crimes to begin to engage. Some examples of the biggest crimes in regards to businesses involve the Enron case, a case concerning an energy company declaring bankruptcy after keeping huge debts off their balance sheet (para. 10). This also caused a lot of chaos in the stock market. Another case is the one involving WorldCom, where assets were inflated, which eventually lead to the internal auditing department uncovering fraud (para. 17). These cases display why a code of conduct is essential in the business environment. The American Society of CPA’s (AICPA) has a professional code of conduct that Certified Public Accountants (CPA) must abide by while engaging in their practice. The code of conduct consists of rules a CPA should adhere by when engaging in services with their respective client(s). It also explains how to appropriately handle certain situations. If a CPA violates the code of professional conduct, they are subject to disciplinary actions, which in include being terminated as a CPA, suspension, and having your wrongful action posted to the website for a certain amount of time allowing people of the public to view. The AICPA...
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...Mission statements are an essential element of a company’s organizational strategy and serve as foundational guides in the establishment of company objectives. They embody the philosophies, goals, and ambitions of a company and should offer insight into what company leader’s view as the primary purpose for being in business. A mission statement is quite possibly the most important issuance that a company has to offer to all of its customers or consumers. It can help focus the organization on what really matters to itself as well as its stakeholders. They act as the glue that binds organizations together through the guidance of strategic and day-to-day operational decisions. An effective mission statement indicates how a firm is unique in its scope of operations and its products or service offerings. In addition, it proclaims corporate purpose, what the organization tends to accomplish, the market in which the firm intends to operate, and the philosophical bounds that are to guide their actions. The coffee industry has boomed in recent years. While fast food chains are growing at a rate of 2% each year, coffee shop chains grow more than 10% annually. According to the National Coffee Association Annual Drinking Trends Survey, “Even though 75% of the cups of coffee brewed daily are consumed at home, 66% of Americans buy their coffee outside of their homes.” This creates a strong demand in the coffeehouse market. Statista defines coffeehouses as “small establishments selling prepared...
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