Philippine College of Criminology
THE STATUS OF THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) IN POLICE-COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP

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A Thesis
Proposal Presented to the
Faculty of College of Criminology

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In Partial Fulfillment for the
Degree Bachelor of Science in Criminology

Submitted by
Jacob, Mark Lester P.
March, 2011

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate to the following who significantly helped me in completing this thesis. my parents, who gave me the appreciation of learning and taught me the value of perseverance and hard work, My mother Teresita P. Jacob, for her overall support and understanding, while completing this reaserch study, to my father Odilon R. Jacob, for giving his support ,motivation and encouragement inspired me in the preparations of this thesis. To my entire classmates especially to all the 4c4 section for their unselfish support by providing their knowledge and help that greatly contributed to the accomplishment of this work , lastly to the creator almighty Jesus Christ for giving me the power and life to continue life’s never ending pursuit to learn.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is a pleasure to thank those who made this thesis possible who in one way or another help in the realization of this research. To our immediate family, wife, sons and daughters who were always loving, kind, and understanding, providing us hope and inspiration. To our ever admired and respected adviser, DR. MERCEDES A. FORONDA, for endowing us her unrelenting guidance and support. To PROF. LINDON AGAS , for allowing us to pursue this study for us to grow and succeed in our chosen field endeavor. To our colleagues and friends for their valuable input in this study. And above all, to our God Almighty who gave us courage, passion and determination to complete this study

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Title Page ………………………………………………… i
Dedication……… ……………………………………….. ii
Acknowledgement ..…………………………………….. iii
Table of contents. ………………………………………. iv
Abstract…..………………………………………………. v CHAPTER I I. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………… 1 A. Theoretical and conceptual framework ……. 3 B. Statement of the Problem …………………… 8 C. Hypothesis ……………………………………. 9 D. Significance of the Study ……………………. 9 E. Scope and Limitation ………………………… 10 F. Definition of Terms……………………………. 11 CHAPTER II
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS
A. Synthesis …………...….…………………… 15

III. METHODOLOGY A. Research Design ……………..………………. 22 B. Sampling Design………….…………………… 23 C. Instrumentation ……….………………………. 24 D. Collection of data ……………………………. 24 E. Statistical Treatment ….………….…………… 25

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

During the past previous years even up to these present times, we can still noticed as the headlines dictates that crimes particularly against persons and property continuous to increase, most of the public schools suffers from fraternity/gang wars, several neighborhood were no longer safe for living, some barangays had difficulties in sustaining peace and order even within their local subordinates and many young individuals failed to realized their worth, thus, deflecting to illegal drug use. These predicaments were just only part of the many dilemmas that our Country must handle, a problem that could had been resolved if and only the community will took its part to help in the resolution said issues for if there is an organized community partnership it will develop relationships within individuals, neighborhoods, the faith community, and other agencies to identifies problems and issues and then work together to develop solutions.
Among the agencies that must be involved in the development and enhancement of a successful community partnership was the Philippine National Police particularly thru its Police Community Relations Branch which was presently governed and guided by the Eight Foundation Initiatives Policy wherein the enhancement of the Police-Community Partnership was one of the major concerns as emphasized by the present Chief PNP, PDG RAUL BACALZO. In fact, several programs were already launch by the PNP just to bring closer the police to the community it serves such as the creation of the Community Oriented Policing System, Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team (BPATs) and most specially the SAMBAYAN programs from which all were envisions to a) to strengthen police-community partnership in addressing peace and order concerns, b) to organize and mobilize sectors of the community as a united front against threat to peace and security and c) to help empower and develop people. But the question was still there, “DO THIS PROGRAMS WERE REALLY IMPLEMENTED AND EFFECTIVE ENOUGH?”

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Statement of the Problem The purpose of this study is focused on measuring the extent of partnership between the PNP and the Community ,
1. What are the programs of the PNP in maintaining harmonious relationship with the community?
1.1 Ugnayan sa Barangay
1.2 Health Services
1.3 Anti Drug Campaign
1.4 Media Relation
2. As perceived by the respondents, to what extent on the aforementioned programs are implemented? 2..1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented 2..2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs 2..2 Effectiveness of the PNP program.

3. How significant is the perception made by the three (3) group of respondents on the extent to which the aforementioned programs are implemented.?
4. What are the common problem encountered by the respondents in the implementation of the aforementioned programs?

Hypothesis of the Study The study will prove the following null hypothesis;, to wit: 1. There is no significant difference in the evaluation made by the three (3) group of respondents on the status of the PNP Community Partnership in terms of : 1.1 Extent said PNP programs were implemented. 1.2 Efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs. 1.3 Effectiveness of the PNP program. Importance of the Study
This Study will benefit the following sectors: to wit: PNP Administration. The finding of the study will be used by the officers and men in the formulation of policies and enhancement on the development in community partnership. Personnel. The PNP personnel particularly assigned with Police Community Relation Branch will also benefited with this study since they serve as a the front-liner unit in dealing with police-community interaction and implementing PNP planned program of activities specially on crime prevention. Community . To the community namely the Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon, wherefrom police services begins and end, this study represent the PNP’s continuing attempts to improve delivery of basic police services through a more effective crime prevention program anchored upon police-community relationships, thus, will more likely to reveal how responsive the two-way communication between the police and the community could be firmly established with the end on view of attaining better peace and order situation in or communities and consequently, to identify the extent to which this programs and activities were being implemented.
Media .-------------------------------------

Scope and Delimitation This study focuses mainly on measuring the extent of partnership between the PNP and the Community resulting from the existing PNP programs such as Ugnayan sa Barangay,Health Services ,Anti Drug Campaign, Media Relation being implemented by the PNP personnel of Novaliches Police Station-4 particularly at three (3) selected barangays namely Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon. The variables included are extent said PNP programs were implemented, efficiency of the PNP in implementing police-community programs and effectiveness of the PNP programs. This study covered a period of Five (5) years , from 2005 -2010. Three (3) group of respondents composed of Five (5) PNP personnel , Ten (10) people and Three (3) Media Personalities from the community.

Definition of terms For the purpose of clarity and to avoid any ambiguities the following terms are defined in the context by which they are used in this study to serve as common frame of reference between the researcher and the reader: Police Community Relations – are complicated and constantly, changing interactions between representatives of the police organizations and an assortment of governmental agencies, public groups, and private individuals representing a wide range of competing and often conflicting interest. Community Oriented Policing - is a philosophy which allows a law enforcement agency and citizens to work together to solve problems of crime and social conflicts and ultimately improve the quality of life in that community. It requires both law enforcement and the community to change many of their perceptions and expectations of policing. Crime - as a legal concept, refers to act or omission punishable by law, and as a behavioral maladjustment- an act which is considered as undesirable.
Community – is the sum total of all individuals or citizens in a particular place having no particular territorial boundary and could be segmented on the basis of their purpose or nature (such as the business community, the religious community, and others).
Crime Prevention – refers to the measures that are taken to reduce criminal opportunity and criminal victimization. Strategy – refers to techniques of doing something and designed to avoid obstacles that would result to failure. Concept – is defined as a generalized idea or notion about the nature or a thing a way of thinking or an event. Effectiveness – refers to the ability of an action or things to produce the desired effect or result. Development Plants/Programs - are future actions intended to be done with the objective of attaining development goals. Programs are sequence of actions to done to complete a task event or action. Participation - means involvements or the process of being included. Police Public Information – refers to an activity that makes the public understand why the police agency performs as it does and endeavors that such public be supportive of that performance. Interdependence - as used in this study refers to the network status created by the community in providing the neighborhood police with necessary logistical and moral support.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES SYNTHESIS

CHAPTER III THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH AND PROOCEDURE This chapter discusses the methods of research employed by the researcher to gather the needed data. It includes the Research design, sampling technique, the instruments used with its construction, validation, administration and retrieval, and the statistical treatment of data. Research Design This study will employ the Descriptive Method of research. Carter and Good defines it as a process of gathering facts concerning nature and status of anything that is of interest and important. It is also useful when the investigation wishes to known or capture the process which explains the characteristics and behavior of a person, group or institution under investigation. This Study will focused on the assessment on the extent of the police-community relationship between Police Station 4 personnel and the community consigned within three (3) selected Barangays of Novaliches Proper, Novaliches, Quezon City such as Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon in the hope to come up with the baseline data that would be used as a guide for more effective programs that would help enhance the already existing police-community partnership. Respondents The researchers of the study will have fifty (50) respondents consisting of Barangay Officials, Businessman, Government employee, Security Guards, Law Enforcers and other citizens from every Barangay for at least a one (1) month. The researchers believed that this people would be a great help in the evaluation of the extent and effectiveness of PNP programs being implemented and conducted by Police Station 4 (Novaliches Police Station) at Barangay of Sta. Monica, Bagbag and Nagkaisang Nayon, Novaliches, Quezon City. Sampling Technique Choosing of respondents will be done at a random state, wherein during the observation phase at the site were PNP programs were usually conducted, four (4) pages questionnaire will be randomly distributed among Barangay Officials, Law Enforcers, Businessmen, Traffic Enforcers, Government employees, and other civilian personnel present at said vicinity. Instrument Used To gather the needed data, the following instruments were employed: 1. Questionnaire: It was the primary source of data. It contained questions designed to answer the problems stated in Chapter 1. The respondents check the blank space that corresponds to their perspective answer. The responses were given numerical values which were subsequently computed using the appropriate statistical tool. 2. Interview: This is the secondary source of data. The unstructured interviews were conducted personally, yet informally by the researcher to augment the questionnaire. 3. Observation: This is another secondary source of data. The direct observations by the researcher helped in their analysis of the data and gave weight to the veracity of the answer in the questionnaire. Construction of the Instrument To formulate the concept and framework of the study, and to determine the variables and indicators to be used, the researcher will read literatures and studies related to the subject of the study. The researcher prepared the initial draft of the questionnaire based on these readings and showed this draft to their adviser whom in turn suggested some minor changes, additions and deletions. Validation of Instrument The researchers will pre-test the instrument to fifty (50) respondents who were not among the chosen respondents. The purpose of this try-out was to find several vague confusing items in the questionnaire. The result of the pre-test was considered in the revision for the final draft. Administration and Retrieval of the Questionnaire The researcher will ask for the approval of the Commanding Officer to float the questionnaire. Once approved, it was personally administered. Likewise, with the help from several colleagues in the department, the groups were able to obtain one hundred percent (100%) retrieval. Statistical Treatment of Data The data that will be yield at a given questionnaire and will be tallied, tabulated and subjected to statistical treatment in order to ensure validity, reliability and objective in the interpretation of the result. Common cases will be investigated, several problems encountered, the frequency and percentage distribution will be applied in order to determine the personal profile of the respondent. To determine the effectiveness of performance as to mission, vision and function, the weighted mean was applied. The responses of the respondents will be categorized into five and will be given corresponding weights which will be multiplied by the number of replies in each category and will be added and then divided from the sum of the product. To qualify, the responses on the rating scale, the five-point Likert Scale method of measuring attitudes will be utilized. Each statement has five responses. In this study, the responses will be under the degree of frequency with weight of 5,4,3,2 and 1. The respondents reacted to every perception item by checking one out of five possible answer or response. Thus, the score was the sum of the weight of the responses checked. Formula: 1. Frequency and perception distribution P = _____ f______ x 100 N
Where:
f = Frequency N = No. of respondents

2. Weighted Mean Wx = ___Wx___ N
Where:
Wx = Sum of the product of the frequency N = No. of respondents The equivalent point assigned to each indicate item and extent to existence of each weighted average, which becomes the verb description: Weighted Mean: Verbal Interpretation:
4.50 - 5.0 - 5 Very Effective
3.50 - 4.49 - 4 Effective
2.50 - 3.49 - 3 Moderately Effective
1.50 - 2.49 - 2 Ineffective
1.0 - 1.49 - 1 Very Ineffective Appendix 1:
Sample Questionnaire 1. Profile of the respondents
Direction: Read every statement carefully and indicate which options apply to you. Please check the items applicable to you. 1.1 Gender: ____ Male ____ Female 1.2 Age: ____20 - 30 ____30 – 40 ____40 - 50 ____50 – 60

1.3 Civil Status: ____Married ____Single ____Widow / or ____Separated 1.4 Highest educational attainment ____ High School Level ____ High School Graduate ____ College Level ____ College Graduate ____ Some units in Master’s Program ____ Master’s Degree holder ____ With (LLB and LLB units)

1.5 Job Description ______ Law Enforcer ______ Government Employee ______ Baranggay Officials ______ Businessman ______ Driver ______ NGO’s 1.6 Length of service: ____ 1 – 5 years ____ 6 – 10 years ____ 11- 15 years ____ 16 – 20 years ____ 21 – 25 years ____ 26 – 30 years ____ 31 above years
2. What are the programs being implemented by Novaliches Police Station that help enhance police-community partnership? How effective are these programs? ______ Conduct of Ugnayan/Dialogues to develop community awareness. _______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective
______ Conduct of lectures/seminars to increase knowledge on illegal drugs, crime prevention and abuse. _______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective ______ Conduct of Pro-Active Operations. _______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective ______ Conduct of police visibility on crime prone areas. _______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective

______ Immediate response for assistance. _______ Very Effective
_______ Effective
_______ Moderately Effective
_______ Ineffective
_______ Very Ineffective 3. What are the common problems encountered by the respondents in the implementation of the aforementioned PNP programs and activities? _____ Lack of budget. _____ Lack of cooperation and interest among civilian citizens.
_____ Overworked personnel.
_____ More Programs than personnel can handle.
_____ Wrong conceptual premise on implementation. _____ Some Components of the PNP programs have little or no effect at all police community relationship buildup. _____ Measures success in terms of the activities it had accomplished without regard to the impact of the activities to the populace.