...IMPACT OF STEALTH TECHNOLOGY ON AIR DEFENCE “Stealth refers to a wide range of steps that can be taken to make aircraft harder to detect. There is a payoff and a price.” - Jay H Goldberg [i] CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1. The latest trends in military aircraft manufacturing are towards development and incorporation of technology which can provide with means to avoid detection. This enhances its survivability by reducing its radar signature and hence reducing the possibility of being detected by enemy radars. The degree to which this is achieved differs from aircraft to aircraft. Certain aircraft like the B-2 and F-117 have been manufactured with this technology as the basis and are thus referred to as Stealth Aircraft. In other aircraft, stealth is achieved to a lesser degree but it nevertheless helps them in enhancing their survivability against enemy air defence. The day is not far when this technology is likely to find wide spread use in the field of aviation. 2. The dictionary defines stealth as "evasion of notice". Applied to Aerial Warfare, it implies the ability of an aircraft, or platform, to carry out its mission without being detected. Other terms such as "LO" - low observables, or "RO"- reduced observables, have also been used which imply the same thing. The very concept of 'Stealth' conjures up an image of something moving in secretly without being detected. 'Stealth' technology actually is all about the art of making aircraft, missiles and...
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...The Study on Stealth Design Technology Abstract—In this report we study some basic ideas on stealth technology. Loosely speaking, the stealth technology can be divided into two categories: the study on target shape design and the study on radar absorbing materials. In this report, we explain the basic principles of these two categories, and give some simulations by CST Microwave Studio and Feko to show the effects of stealth technology. I. I NTRODUCTION The purpose of stealth design is to protect the target from being detected by the enemy’s radar and to increase the target survivability. Ideally, for an object to be ”stealth”, it needs to have a low optical visibility in addition to being low observable in the infrared spectrum and at all radar frequency bands, also the emission of acoustic noise should be low. However, this goal is difficult to achieve, and the recent research is mainly focus on the low observability in a certain radar bandwidth. In some degree, the term ”stealth design” is equivalent to the technology of reducing target’s the Radar Cross Section (RCS). RCS is the parameter to characterize the strength of backward scattering of the target, the formal definition is σ = lim 4πR2 R−>∞ Fig. 1: B-2 stealth bomber |Es |2 , |Ei |2 (1) Fig. 2: F117 stealth fighter plane where, R is the distance from target to radar, |Es | is the scattered electric field intensity and |Ei | is the incident electric field intensity. Radar equation can be used to estimate...
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...Три елегантни млади жени вървят зад чужденка с раница на гърба си по бул. “Мария Луиза” в София. Едната разпъва голям шал и се опитва да го омотае около врата си, спътничките помагат. За секунди раницата на чужденката е отворена, портмонето измъкнато, а ципът закопчан. Столичани виждат кражбата, задържат джебчийките и звънят в полицията. Чужденката дори не разбира, че току-що е била обрана. Това е един от десетките начини, по които действат изобретателните крадли, плъзнали по молове, пазари, градския транспорт и заведенията. Празниците активизират джебчийките и домовите крадци, предупредиха вчера от МВР. Те посъветваха хората да внимават, защото често с разсеяността си улесняват апашите 469 са заловените джебчийки от началото на годината. За първите 11 месеца са регистирани 2390 подобни кражби, а през 2013 г. - 2460. Намалението се дължи на това, че страната ни е мощен износител на крадли в Западна Европа, казват криминалистите. Около 90% от джебчийките у нас са жени. Мъжете, които действат в тази сфера, са предимно чужденци - алжирци, мароканци, дори чилийци. Те са се спациализирали в кражбите по заведения. Влизат в ресторанта под предтекст, че търсят свободна маса или познат. Насочват се към оставени без надзор палта и чанти до масите. Не оставяйте портмонето си в джоба на дреха, която закачате на закачалка или мятате на облегалка на стола, съветват полицаите. Новата реколта джебчийки не се отличава от младите момичета в моловете, казват криминалисти...
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...explain the differences between buzz marketing, stealth marketing, viral marketing, and guerrilla marketing. If your students are having difficulty, this reply may help. The goal of buzz marketing (WofM) is to generate buzz or conversations about a brand. This can occur through a blog, emails, at a party, or numerous other ways. While the ideal is people talking about a brand because they really love it, buzz marketing by firms is through brand ambassadors. They are compensated in some way to generate buzz about the brand (blog, email, block party, etc). They are supposed to identify that they are being sponsored by the brand or compensated in some way. The goal of stealth marketing is the same, but ambassadors keep their identities secret and they hide the fact they are being paid or sponsored by a brand. The idea is that the recommendation is then more genuine, believable. Some consider it unethical, others do not. Brands know wofm recommendations carry far more weight than advertising and marketing or anything a brand can do. The ultimate goal is for a video or some other digital activity to go viral; that is to be spread to hundreds of thousands or millions of people. People pass it on because they think it is neat, novel, unique, funny, etc. It is like a wildfire out of control. While brands strive to produce videos or interesting games that attract attention, it is rare they go viral. While a buzz marketing campaign or stealth marketing campaign could go viral, it is unlikely...
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...General Electric F404-F1D2 non-afterburning turbofan engines with 10,600 lbs. of thrust. The Nighthawk s armament is a non-fixed internal weapons carriage and the primary weapons on the Nighthawk are the paveway series GBU-10 and GBU-27 laser guided bombs. There is usually one person to fly the Nighthawk and the cost to build each Nighthawk is around 45 million dollars. The United States Air Force has produced 59 Nighthawks with the help of Lockheed "Skunkworks." Stealth Technology. What makes the Nighthawk so stealthy are Radar Absorbent Materials or RAMs for short. The primary RAM for the Nighthawk is Dow Chemical s Fibaloy.(Jones, 1989, p.45+77) Fibaloy is black and has great radar-energy absorbency.(Jones, 1989, p.45) Fibaloy is made by inserting glass fibers into plastic. (Jones, 1989, p.45) Another RAM is Reinforced Carbon Fiber. Reinforced Carbon Fiber absorbs and diminishes radar-energy. It also helps reduce the Nighthawk s infrared signature.(Jones, 1989, p.77) The shape of the Nighthawk also contributes to the stealth. The Nighthawk has rounded surfaces so radar waves bounce off in different directions. All of these surfaces are bent in different angles so one surface does not share a common reflective angle with another surface. There...
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...Environmental Scan MGT/498 Environmental Advantage One of the fundamental requirements for a company to succeed is to understand both the internal and external environments. The companies must understand these environments and apply the knowledge to a strategy that will give the company a competitive advantage. The competitive advantage must be measured to fully understand how the strategy is being implemented and to what extent the strategy is creating a competitive advantage. Northrop Grumman (NG) uses environmental scanning to understand the market environment. This helps establish a strategy that will hopefully create a competitive advantage. Internal and external environmental scan Northrop Grumman’s internal environment is very strong. The company has positioned itself well to capitalize on the emerging trends in the national defense market place. Northrop has developed new technologies and internal infrastructure to sustain new business in the new technologies departments. NG is also strong in personnel, although there is a troubling trend emerging. NG has a long history of dedicated workers but has failed to retain or attract new talent. There is a growing gap between the experienced knowhow and the new employees. NG has a large gap in the middle of the workforce. The majority of the work force is either five years from retirement or has less than five years with the company. Therefore the “local knowledge” that is essential for continuing seamless operations...
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...Military Technology Technology in the military has greatly increased strength and eased the ranking among world powers and effected the development of new military weapons. The term "Survival of the fittest" means that the strong will succeed but the meek will not, this is the case with military technology. The U.S. has the best technology in the world, therefore we are the highest military power. Technology is a very important part of warfare. Technology is driven by the military. The army's race during the cold war, spawned some of the greatest technical achievements in human history. Space travel for example is a result of the X-plane project. The Internet was produced by the military as well. If we stop investing in military technology, we risk our safety. If other nations had more advance technology than we do, they would have more power than we do. If that was to happen, we face the threat of that nation taking over us. Military technology may be divided into five categories. Offensive arms harm the enemy, while defensive weapons ward off offensive attacks. Transportation technology moves soldiers and weaponry; communications coordinate the movements of armed forces; and sensors detect forces and guide weaponry. There are many types of technological developments in the military happening at all times. They range from new aircraft to sophisticated guidance systems. Teams of specialists work for years to develop some of our simplest equipment. These people's...
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...The History of Aircraft design By: David Roberts Imagine yourself at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The year is 1903. You and your brother our about to make the first powered flight in history. The wind was right and you recorded a 59 second flight over a distance of 852 feet. You have just made history, in successfully flying the first powered aircraft. This is probably how the Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur Wright felt that day. They successfully flew an airplane with a 75 horse power engine. I will be talking on how aircraft design and power plants have evolved since 1903. From the Wright brothers era, the golden age, to the jet era, to what we use today. It going to be an accelerating time so let's get started with the Wright Brothers. The Wright Brothers were known as the first people to achieve the first powered heavier than air flight. This was a huge accomplishment, but believe it or not, they were not the first to fly. According to Aviation 1890-1939 The Pioneering Years, "the Montgolfier Brothers were even earlier pioneers when they took to the sky in a hot air balloon over Paris in 1783. In 1853, in Yorkshire, England, an employee of Sir George Cayley, flew across a valley in the first, heavier than air glider (http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/kenanderson/aviation/index.html)." These early pioneers helped pave the way for the Wright Brothers. The Wright Brothers started off as bike builders, and it wasn't till December of 1900, that the Wright Brothers...
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...LIBRARY RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT Article review: The Case for Stealth Innovation – By Paddy Miller and Thomas Wedell-Wedellsborg AUGUST 22, 2015 VARUN SRIDHAR Library Research Assignment Varun Sridhar For organizations to survive and continue its constructive role, it needs ideas that are fresh and has got to have a new perspective to get new ideas based on field research and otherwise to ensure and understand the dynamics and destruction of decline are. Both articles talk about how the process of innovation takes place within an organization and how effectively can an innovator who is really trying to articulate ideas into effective and efficient processes or for his/her interests are aligned towards achieving the goals and objectives of the organization. The importance of this issue is due to the increasingly competitive environment among the various organizations and industrial centers. There is a need to provide and develop competitive environment and a creative environment if necessary and also provide recommendations at the end in order to achieve better results. Paddy Miller and Thomas Wedell talk about a concept called stealth innovation which is quite an interesting perspective. Because it is not easy to communicate ideas in a bureaucratic organization or through a hierarchical structure hence the two authors provide the readers with five key points in order to deliver to the top level management and these are as follows: Gathering allies who...
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...Metaru Gia Soriddo?) is an action-adventure stealth video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and first published by Konami for the PlayStation in 1998. The game was directed, produced and co-written by Hideo Kojima and serves as a sequel to the MSX2 versions of Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, which Kojima also directed.[5] The suffix Solid has several meanings as it not only references the game's protagonist, Solid Snake, but also alludes to the "solid" 3D graphics, and its placement as the third title in the series. Metal Gear Solid follows Solid Snake, a soldier who infiltrates a nuclear weapons facility to neutralize the terrorist threat from FOXHOUND, a renegade special forces unit.[6] Snake must liberate two hostages, the head of DARPA and the president of a major arms manufacturer, confront the terrorists, and stop them from launching a nuclear strike.[7] Cinematic cutscenes were rendered using the in-game engine and graphics, and voice acting was used throughout the entire game.[8] Metal Gear Solid was very well received, shipping more than six million copies,[9] and scoring an average of 94/100 on the aggregate website Metacritic.[10] It is regarded by many critics as one of the greatest and most important games of all time,[11][12] and is often seen as the game which helped popularize the stealth genre. The commercial success of the title prompted the release of an expanded version for the PlayStation and PC, titled Metal Gear Solid: Integral;[13]...
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...Development of the F-117 began as a top secret "black project" at Lockheed's famed Advanced Development Projects unit, better known as the "Skunk Works." First developing a model of the new aircraft in 1975, dubbed the "Hopeless Diamond" due to its odd shape, Lockheed built two test aircraft under the Have Blue contract to test the design's radar-defying properties. Smaller than the F-117, the Have Blue planes flew night test missions over the Nevada desert between 1977 and 1979. Utilizing the F-16's single-axis fly-by-wire system, the Have Blue planes solved the instability issues and were invisible to radar. Pleased with the program's results, the US Air Force issued a contract to Lockheed on November 1, 1978, for the design and production...
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...F 35 is the air forces newest generation of stealth and strike fighters. Having many brand new technological features it is the most advanced fighter in the world. One such example is a practice dogfight where 7 f 22s (previous generation fighter) were beat by one f 35* proving that the high price of 700 million* was well worth it. This plane also has vtol and svtol abilities making it an excellent carrier airplane. Osprey is the only helicopter on this list and one of few in military service*. The reason it made this list is the way it was designed and the way it functioned. The marines wanted a helicopter with the speed of a plane and then the osprey was born. its two engines can pivot 90 degrees to point straight up or straightforward. This has obvious advantages of ctol capabilities and then the speed of a two propeller plane which is much faster than the average helicopter...
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...CHAPTER 1 — BASIC RADAR PRINCIPLES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS INTRODUCTION The word radar is an acronym derived from the phrase RAdio Detection And Ranging and applies to electronic equipment designed for detecting and tracking objects (targets) at considerable distances. The basic principle behind radar is simple - extremely short bursts of radio energy (traveling at the speed of light) are transmitted, reflected off a target and then returned as an echo. Radar makes use of a phenomenon we have all observed, that of the ECHO PRINCIPLE. To illustrate this principle, if a ship’s whistle were sounded in the middle of the ocean, the sound waves would dissipate their energy as they traveled outward and at some point would disappear entirely. If, however the whistle sounded near an object such as a cliff some of the radiated sound waves would be reflected back to the ship as an echo. The form of electromagnetic signal radiated by the radar depends upon the type of information needed about the target. Radar, as designed for marine navigation applications, is pulse modulated. Pulse-modulated radar can determine the distance to a target by measuring the time required for an extremely short burst of radio-frequency (r-f) energy to travel to the target and return to its source as a reflected echo. Directional antennas are used for transmitting the pulse and receiving the reflected echo, thereby allowing determination of the direction or bearing of the target echo. Once...
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...P a g e |1 BackTrack 5 guide 4: How to perform stealth actions Karthik R, Contributor You can read the original story here, on SearchSecurity.in. In previous installments of this BackTrack 5 how to tutorial, we have discussed information gathering and vulnerability assessment of the target system; explored network assessment, scanning and gaining access into the target; and, delved into privilege escalation tools. In this installment of the tutorial on BackTrack 5, how to perform stealth actions will be discussed. Why stealth? The objective of penetration testing is to replicate the actions of a malicious attacker. No attacker desires discovery of surreptitious entry into the network, and hence employs stealth techniques to remain unnoticed. The penetration tester needs to adopt the same stealth methods, in order to honestly assess the target network. http://searchsecurity.techtarget.in/tip/BackTrack-5-guide-4-How-to-perform-stealth-actions P a g e |2 Figure 1. The ‘maintaining access’ category in BackTrack 5, with a focus on OS backdoors. This installment of the BackTrack 5 how to tutorial deals with the “Maintaining Access” feature, within which are options for OS backdoors, tunneling and Web backdoors, as shown in Figure 1. OS backdoors > Cymothoa: Cymothoa is a stealth backdooring tool on BackTrack 5 that injects backdoor shell code into an existing process. This tool has been developed by codewizard and crossbower from ElectronicSouls. The general...
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...AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE AND APPLICATION OF "STEALTH MARKETING” THROUGH CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT & THE FRONTIER OF COMPETITIVE DIFFERENTIATION (GRAMEENPHONE PERSPECTIVE) By Tarannum Binte Shaheed ID: 081 044 030 An Internship Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Business Administration Fall 2012 NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY February 2013 1 AN ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE AND APPLICATION OF "STEALTH MARKETING” THROUGH CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT & THE FRONTIER OF COMPETITIVE DIFFERENTIATION (GRAMEENPHONE PERSPECTIVE) Submitted to: Dr. Jashim Uddin Ahmed Internship Supervisor Director & Lecturer, School Of Business BUS 498: Internship Submitted By: Tarannum Binte Shaheed ID # 081 044 030 Bachelor of Business Administration (Fall 2012) NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY 2 LETTER OF TRANSMISSION February 15, 2013 To Dr. Jashim Uddin Ahmed Director & Lecturer School of Business North South University Bangladesh Subject: Submission of Internship Report Dear Sir, It is my great honor to submit the report of my 3 months long Internship Program in Grameenphone Ltd. The report titled ―An analysis of the practice and application of Stealth Marketing through Customer Relationship Management & The frontier of Competitive Differentiation (Grameephone‘s Perspective)‖ is the final outcome of successful completion of my internship program at the company. It has been a joyful and enlightening experience for me to work in an organization...
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