...Steganography Hide and Seek: An Introduction to Steganography Although people have hidden secrets in plain sight— now called steganography—throughout the ages, the recent growth in computational power and technology has propelled it to the forefront of today’s security techniques. N IELS PROVOS AND PETER HONEYMAN University of Michigan teganography is the art and science of hiding communication; a steganographic system thus embeds hidden content in unremarkable cover media so as not to arouse an eavesdropper’s suspicion. In the past, people used hidden tattoos or invisible ink to convey steganographic content. Today, computer and network technologies provide easy-to-use communication channels for steganography. Essentially, the information-hiding process in a steganographic system starts by identifying a cover medium’s redundant bits (those that can be modified without destroying that medium’s integrity).1 The embedding process creates a stego medium by replacing these redundant bits with data from the hidden message. Modern steganography’s goal is to keep its mere presence undetectable, but steganographic systems— because of their invasive nature—leave behind detectable traces in the cover medium. Even if secret content is not revealed, the existence of it is: modifying the cover medium changes its statistical properties, so eavesdroppers can detect the distortions in the resulting stego medium’s statistical properties. The process of finding these distortions is called...
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...Information Hiding – Steganography Steganography Types and Techniques Abstract— Information hiding has been one of the most crucial element of information technology in recent years. Unlike Cryptography, Steganography does not only keep the content of information secret, its also keeps the existence of the information secret. This is achieved by hiding information behind another information. This paper gives an overview of Steganography and its techniques, types, and also its advantages and disadvantages. Keywords-component; steganography; information hiding; security; confidentiality; techniques. INTRODUCTION Steganography help hides the fact that communication is taking place by hiding some information behind another information thereby making the communication invisible. The origin of the word “steganography” is from the Greek words “steganos” and “graphia” which is interpreted as “covered” and “writing” respectively thereby defining steganography as “covered writing”. Steganography and cryptography are both part of information hiding but neither alone is without flaws. The goal of steganography is defeated once the hidden message is found or noticed even while still in the original message (carrier). For safely transmission of hidden messages or information in steganography, multimedia files like audio, video and images are mostly used has the carrier or cover source. METHODOLOGY The Methodology used for this paper is based on the...
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...Steganography: A Review of Information Security Research and Development in Muslim World Abstract Conveying secret information and establishing hidden relationship has been a great interest since long time ago. Therefore, there are a lot of methods that have been widely used since long past. This paper reviewed one of the methods for establishing hidden communication in information security and has gained attraction in recent years that is Steganography. Steganography is the art and science of hiding a secret message in a cover media such as image, text, signals or sound in such a way that no one, except the intended recipient knows the existence of the data. In this paper, the research and development of steganography from three years back starting from 2010 until recently, 2013 in Muslim world are reviewed. The future research in the field of Steganography is briefly discussed. Keywords Cover Image, Stego Image, Cryptography, Steganography, Information Hiding, Information Security, Muslim World 1 Introduction In today’s information technology era, the internet has played a vital part in the communication and information sharing. Due to the rapid development in Information Technology and Communication and the Internet, the security of the data and the information has raised concerned. Every day, confidential data has been compromised and unauthorized access of data has crossed the limits. Great measures should be taken to protect the data and information [5,...
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...usually an image thus making the document undetectable to human eye. Steganography has a number of nefarious applications; most notably hiding records of illegal activity, financial fraud, industrial espionage, and communication among members of criminal or terrorist organizations. This was the technique used by terrorists involved in 11 September 2001 demolition of World Trade Centre [12]. The misuse of the technology cannot be blamed on the technology itself but it totally depends upon the users of the technology. It is the inner conscious which covers the human being. If we follow our moral ethics and values and give respect to our culture we can prevent misuse of...
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...Week 3 Laboratory Week 3 Lab Part 1: Automate Digital Evidence Discovery Using Paraben’s P2 Commander Learning Objectives and Outcomes Upon completing this lab, students will be able to complete the following tasks: * Open an existing case file using P2 Commander * Analyze the data in the image and the files saved in the case * Sort and identify evidence file types in a case using Paraben's P2 Commander forensic tool * Use P2 Commander to identify information for potential evidence contained in chat logs such as Skype chat * Analyze the contents of user profiles and data using the P2 Commander browser Week 3 Lab Part 1 - Assessment Worksheet Overview View the Demo Lab available in the Practice section of Learning Space Unit 5 and then answer the questions below. The video will demonstrate the use of Paraben's P2 Commander and outline the different forensics capabilities of the tool. Lab Assessment Questions & Answers 1. When talking about Information Security, what does the 'CIA' stands for? CIA in information security stands for confidentiality, integrity and availability. 2. When would it be a good practice to classify data? It would be a good practice to classify data when you need to extract files from a hard drive or system for investigating in order to accurately organize the findings. 3. What is Security classification? Security classification is the security level assigned to a government document, file...
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...SECURITY ISSUES AND PRINCIPLES STEGANOGRAPHY [n. stə nóggrəfi] Steganography (literally meaning covered writing) dates back to ancient Greece, where common practices consisted of etching messages in wooden tablets and covering them with wax, and tattooing a shaved messenger's head, letting his hair grow back, and then shaving it again when he arrived at his contact point. Steganography comes from the Greek steganos, or "covered," and graphie, or "writing". Synonymous to abstraction, the art and science of hiding information by embedding messages within other, seemingly harmless messages. Steganography takes cryptography a step farther by hiding an encrypted message so that no one suspects it exists. Ideally, anyone scanning your data will fail to know it contains encrypted data by replacing bits of useless or unused data in regular computer files (such as graphics, sound, text, HTML, or even floppy disks ) with bits of different, invisible information. This hidden information can be plain text, cipher text, or even images. Steganography sometimes is used when encryption is not permitted or, more commonly, is used to supplement encryption. An encrypted file may still hide information using steganography, so even if the encrypted file is deciphered, the hidden message is not seen. In modern digital steganography, data is first encrypted by the usual means and then inserted, using a special algorithm, into redundant (that is, provided but unneeded) data that is part of a particular...
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...International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 4– No.8, August 2010 Invisible Digital Watermarking Through Encryption Samir Kumar Bandyopadhyay Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engg, University of Calcutta 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata – 700009, India Tuhin Utsab Paul Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engg, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India Avishek Raychoudhury Dept. of Computer Sc. & Engg, University of Calcutta 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata-700009, India ABSTRACT Technique for hiding the data of images has been proposed in this paper. At the source, hidden (target image) is encoded within another image (cover image). Firstly, the cover image and the target image can be adjusted by resize function. Secondly, only the final encrypted image i.e. cover image and target image is sent over the network. This image is finally decoded at the receiver end. Received results are encouraging from practical point of view. keys, the relative entropy between encrypt and one specific decrypt key Yusuk Lim, Changsheng Xu and David Dagan Feng, 2001, developed the web based authentication system. In case of watermark embedding system, it is installed in the server as application software that any authorized user, who has access to server, can generate watermarked image. The distribution can use any kind of network transmission such as FTP, email etc. Once image is distributed to externally, client can access to authentication web page to get verification of...
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...Watermarking: Legalities of Digital Media Derrick Harper Course name and number Instructor name Outline I. Introduction II. History III. The Basics of Watermarking IV. Watermarking Applications V. A Simple Watermark: Patchwork VI. Current Work in Watermarking VII. Conclusion VIII. Works Cited Introduction It's no news to anyone that's reading this that the meteoric rise of the Internet in recent years has significantly increased the availability of all forms of media. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the realm of commercial musical recordings, where Napster and other internet-based distribution systems have made incredible volumes of musical content widely available, all without the consent of the music's originators. This situation, though, is not unique to the music industry, as photographers, filmmakers, and other content-originators all have the same problem to varying degrees. The solution, and even the need for a solution, to this problem of copyright infringement is still a topic that is open to great debate, but there is no debating the fact that some interesting and novel technology has been designed to help. Digital image watermarking, the practice of secretly embedding a piece of information in an image, is one of the more interesting of these technologies, and deserves some consideration. It is the purpose of this paper to give the reader an overview of watermarking and the diverse benefits that it offers. We begin with a brief...
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...(Pg 82) That is not to include one of the “Internet’s greatest vulnerabilities” that terrorist and criminals are capable of and that is steganography. Steganography is the ability to embed encrypted messages within an internet site, therefore, it gives terrorist groups the opportunity to hack security forces or other organization databases and steal information for their own benefit. (Pg 83) This causes a great deal of tension with security forces as they are always having to take measures to insure their intel information is not released to terrorist groups or...
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...big issue now a day is to reduce the chances of information detection during transmission. Cryptography deals with encryption of message but its presence arouse uncertainty about the communication, on the other hand, Steganography hides the presence of message in such a way that no one can even think about the communication going on between two parties. Due to rapid advancement in both computer technologies and Internet, the security of information is regarded as one of the most valuable factors of Information...
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...Adaptive steganography based enhanced cipher hiding technique for secure data transfer Sudipta Sahana, Asst. Professor, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India, ss.jisce@gmail.com Goutami Dey, U.G. Student, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India, goutamidey783@gmail.com Madhurhita Ganguly, U.G. Student, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India, madhurhita.ganguly@gmail.com Priyankar Paul, U.G. Student, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India, priyankar.3110@gmail.com Subhayan Paul, U.G. Student, JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal, India, subhayanp@gmail.com Abstract: There have been enormous number of attacks recorded...
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...Steganography Implementation & Detection Robert Krenn rkrenn@xidc.nl January 21, 2004 Overview ● ● ● ● ● ● What is steganography? Implementations Detection Defeating steganography Conclusion Questions What is steganography? Stegacovered, from the Greek “stegos” or roof -nography writing, from the Greek “graphia” What is steganography? ● The art of hiding information inside information Since everyone can read, encoding text in neutral sentences is doubtfully effective What is steganography? ● The art of hiding information inside information Since everyone can read, encoding text in neutral sentences is doubtfully effective Since Everyone Can Read, Encoding Text In Neutral Sentences Is Doubtfully Effective Secret inside What is steganography? What is it used for? ● ● ● Hiding the fact that you are sending messages Hiding several messages inside data Digital watermarking Kerckhoffs' principle ● ● Secure with knowlegde of the system Message can only be read with secret key What is steganography? Hiding several messages ● ● ● ● Deniable cryptography Knowledge of encrypted data No proof of how much information is stored Rubberhose (http://www.rubberhose.org) What is steganography? Digital watermarking ● ● ● ● Not really hiding information Important: not modificable Uses the hiding-property of steganography Recent: MPAA hides watermarks in movies Implementation Hiding information ● ● ● ● Text / Webpages...
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...Internet use grows, so do the risks of children being exposed to inappropriate material, in particular, criminal activity by paedophiles and child pornographers. Many children first come in contact with the Internet at a very young age. Some children become victims of child pornography through close relatives who may have abused them. Some children become involved with chat services or newsgroup threads. It is usually through these sites that they meet child pornographers. Children may be asked to send explicit pictures of themselves taken either by a digital camera or scanned from a polaroid. The pornographer will then post the pictures on their web site, sometimes hiding them through encryption, steganography or password protecting them using a javascript or applet. Certain efforts have been made to control child pornography through legislation. In 1977 the Sexual Exploitation of Children Act was put into Legislation. (U.S. Code : Title 18, Section 2251-2253) The law prohibits the use of a minor in the making of pornography, the transport...
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...Messages Using Motion Vector Technique In Video Steganography P.Paulpandi1, Dr.T.Meyyappan,M.sc.,M.Phil.,M.BA.,Ph.D2 Research Scholar1, Associate professor2 Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Alagappa University,Karaikudi. Tamil Nadu,India. Abstract- Steganography is the art of hiding information in ways that avert the revealing of hiding messages.Video files are generally a collection of images. so most of the presented techniques on images and audio can be applied to video files too. The great advantages of video are the large amount of data that can be hidden inside and the fact that it is a moving stream of image. In this paper, we proposed a new technique using the motion vector, to hide the data in the moving objects. Moreover, to enhance the security of the data, the data is encrypted by using the AES algorithm and then hided. The data is hided in the horizontal and the vertical components of the moving objects. The PSNR value is calculated so that the quality of the video after the data hiding is evaluated. Keywords- Data hiding, Video Steganography,PSNR, Moving objects, AES Algorithm. I. INTRODUCTION Since the rise of the Internet one of the most important factors of information technology and communication has been the security of information. Steganography is a technology that hides a user defined information within an object, a text, or a picture or in a video files. Steganography is Greek word has the meaning of , “Stegano”...
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...individual’s time on a website. * Store data about a user during his or her navigation of a website, even over a number of visits. When a cookie is used like this, it can be used as a shopping cart application on the website. Cookies are stored on the user's hard drive. The directory is different for each platform. RQ2: Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity. Well through the 20th century, stenography was a necessary skill for secretaries, reporters, and other people who needed to quickly and accurately record written information. In all cases, the goal of stenography is to make it easy to write something down quickly and with great accuracy. Using stenography, someone can record information much more quickly than he or she could be writing. Like many security tools, steganography can be used for a variety of reasons, some good, some not so good. Legitimate purposes can include things like watermarking images for reasons such as copyright protection. Digital watermarks are similar to steganography in that they are overlaid in files, which appear to be part of the original file and are thus not easily detectable by the average person. Further,...
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