Religions and Politics
(Prof. Mondonga M. Mokoli, Ph.D.)

According to the scientific theory of evolution, life on Earth evolved naturally over time. Evolutionary theory was proposed by Charles Darwin in the 19th century and it was affirmed by the 20th century biologists and geneticists. Thus, this theory has achieved scientific consensus as the origin of human humankind.

In contrast, supporters of intelligent design believe that all life on the Earth was created deliberately. Intelligent design theory proposes that the overwhelming complexity of the universe suggests a rational, omnipotent designer, be it God, an alien, or some other source. Thus, intelligent design theory was developed as an alternative not only to Darwin’s evolutionism but also to religious creationism which argues that God is the only creator of life, universe and their contents.

The Purpose of this Chapter
• Our purpose in this chapter is not to show the truth or falsehood of any of these perspectives nor the doctrines of any particular faith. Rather, it is:
- To describe the nature of religion and the general character of certain major religions of the past and the present;
- To give some attention to the role that religion has played in the development of human societies, that is; o not only to integrate and stabilize them but also, o at times, to create conflicts;
- To consider the present-day influence of social change on religion and,
- conversely, the influence of religion on social change.

• Thus, please remain positive and open-minded;
- Do not be offended because we name your religion or highlight some analytical facts about your religion;
- We respect all the religions (faiths) and their respective members.

• Definition of religion:
- Religion is the relationship between a human being and the superhuman power;
- This relationship is expressed in