Organization The key to any good business is organization. If each component of a business is organized and efficient, the better the business will function and produce. Breaking down the tasks of each component of the system led to the concept of job design. The emergence of job design happened as technological advances in mass production began to increase at the turn of the 20th century. Jobs continue to become more complex and specialized, so there is an increased need for educated, motivated employees (Encarnacion, unknown). Job deigns main purpose is to increase motivation and productivity. Increased productivity can take on many forms, quality and quantity improvements, reduced operation costs, or reduced turnover and training costs(Encarnacion, unknown).

In regards to question one in the Hovey and Beard Company Case, I feel that the process of painting the wooden toys should have been simplified. The employees were performing too many tasks to keep up with the conveyer system. The painters had to take a toy from a nearby tray, position it in a jig, spray on the color and then hang the toy on a passing hook. If the process were simplified to where the toys were already in position to be painted, this would eliminate some steps in the process and essentially increase production. Another way to help the performance problems at the Hovey and Beard Company is the Reinforcement Theory. The Reinforcement Theory pretty much states that a person can be motivated by its consequences. So depending on if those consequences are positive or negative, you can change someone’s motivation. Many employees have different motivation reasons so if you understand what motivates someone; you can understand how to get them to increase their productivity at a lower cost or no cost or all. There are four primary approaches to reinforcement theory: positive