...Lifespan Development Name Institution Course Date Lifespan Development Lifespan development is a wide field in the field of psychology. It all began with Darwin, who, in his quest to understand evolution, began to study the topic. In simple terms, lifespan development refers to a process, usually beginning from conception and ending when an organism dies. The process occurs methodologically and is as a result of the change that occurs with increasing age. Although the lifespan development may look simple, it is quite complex and involves different developmental stages. According to Baltes, (1996), the entire life cycle has four eras. These eras, he says, take an approximate time of 20-25 years. Levinson goes further to identify the developmental periods as childhood and adolescence, early childhood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. At this point in time, it is formal to simplify various terminologies that relation to human development. This is because they will feature constantly in the preceding sections. First and foremost is development. This is simply a change characterized by movement from one state to another. Usually, development leads to transitions. Development, as will be used in this paper, will refer to growth, and progression through certain stages, commonly termed as “maturity.” Another term of significance is stage. This refers to sections that differentiate the various phases of growth. The phases involve...
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...Chapter 2: Neuroscience & Behavior * Neurons * Nervous system cells * Highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical form * Types: * Motor- signals muscles to relax and contract * Sensory- conveys information to the brain * Interneurons- communicates information from one neuron to the next * Parts of Neurons * Dendrite- receives information from other cells * Soma (Cell Body)- contains the nucleus * Axon: carries information * Glial Cells * Another cells in the nervous system * Outnumber Neurons * Provide Nutrition * Structural Support * Aid in Neural Transmission * Remove Waste * Produce Myelin Sheath * Myelin Sheath * A white fatty covering wrapped around axons of some neurons that increases their communication speed * Damage to the Myelin related to Multiple Sclerosis * Node of Ranvier * The “naked” portion of the axon between myelin sheaths * Communication within Neurons * Action Potential- a brief electrical impulse transmitting information along the axon of a neuron * Action potential travels along axon of presynaptic neuron; triggers release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles * Axon membrane is semi-permeable * The axon membrane opens and closes ion channels that allow ions to flow into and out of the axon * Ions- electrically...
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...them. Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. It is an academic discipline and an applied science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. There are thirteen major branches of psychology which are: * Abnormal Psychology - is the area that looks at psychopathology and abnormal behavior. * Behavioral Psychology - is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. * Biopsychology - focused on the study of how the brain influences behavior. * Cognitive Psychology - is the branch of psychology that focuses on internal states, such as motivation, problem solving, decision-making, thinking and attention. * Comparative Psychology - concerned with the study of animal behavior. * Cross-Cultural Psychology - a branch of psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. * Developmental Psychology - looks at development throughout the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood. * Educational Psychology - branch of psychology concerned with schools, teaching psychology, educational issues and student concerns. * Experimental Psychology - psychology that utilizes scientific methods to research the brain and behavior. * Forensic Psychology - a specialty area that deals with issues related to psychology and the law. * Health Psychology – branch of psychology that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior...
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...males and females during puberty. (Chapter 14) Whether you are talking about a male or a female, puberty is a confusing, challenging and sometimes frightening time in a young person’s life. Physical body changes, raging hormones, and mood swings make for a recipe for adolescent hysteria. Combine all that with acne and it’s a wonder why parents don’t go running for the hills. I have a son and a daughter. My son went through puberty later than his peers due to his birthdate. He is a summer baby, so he is six to twelve months younger than some of his peers. To my surprise, he did take notice when some of the other boys were maturing and getting that oddly placed facial hair. But, he really didn’t seem to care too much about it. Now, every one is caught up and it makes no difference. My daughter is a different story. She is going to be a sophomore in high school and so much revolves around the bra size! Perfect hair, perfect make-up, perfect teeth and a perfect body. The mood swings, slamming doors and interest in boys are a stark contrast to what my son went through. It’s amazing that all teenage girls don’t wind up in some form of a therapeutic class devoted solely to the time of puberty. I will say that both of my children are very comfortable talking to my husband and me about various pubescent topics. I love that our kids are comfortable discussing this with us. Puberty begins with our hormones waking up and letting us know they are there. It ends when we reach development...
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...Axia College Course Syllabus PSY/201 Foundations of Psychology Course Start Date: 2/21/11 Course End Date: 4/24/11 Please print a copy of this syllabus for handy reference. Whenever there is a question about what assignments are due, please remember this syllabus is considered the ruling document. Copyright Copyright © 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. University of Phoenix® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft®, Windows®, and Windows NT® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix® editorial standards and practices. Course Syllabus PSY/201 Foundations of Psychology 2 Facilitator Information Janie Lacy JanieLacy@email.phoenix.edu (University of Phoenix) Janie@JanieLacy.com (Personal) 407-924-7533 (EST) Facilitator Availability I am available from 9 a.m.-12 p.m. Eastern Standard Time on most days, but I attempt to reserve Sundays as my rest day. During the week, I am available most of the time during that 9 a.m.-12 p.m. time frame. On Saturdays, I tend to be available in the morning only. If these times are not convenient for you, please let me know. I will be happy to accommodate your schedule,...
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...Different schools of Psychology to the advancement of the field of Psychology Psychology began or has its roots in philosophy, the mother of all sciences. Aristotle in his works speaks rather remotely on different aspects of psychology. Among some of Aristotle’s major and famous works namely metaphysics, De Anime; he speaks of the soul which in profound consideration could come to the conclusion that it sounds synonymous with our modern understanding of ‘mind’. Thus psychology was a part of philosophy from the very beginning through it stands independently now. Further long before Aristotle existed; philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, Heraclites and Parmenides spoke on the same subject even though it was not that much elaborated. Here we cannot forget the contribution made by Plato. He very clearly explains in his dialogues further on this matter. Psychology originated very simply as a result of the development of the metaphysical approach of the people of different times. In sociology it is an acceptable fact that the prevailing circumstances and state of a particular social milieu make a great impact on a particular matter. This impact varies from place to place time to time depending on the social characteristics. By inferences the aforementioned is the reason why there are different schools in psychology. When we analyses it stands to reason that all psychologists were trying to deal with the same matter. They have seen the same problems or the issues with regard to ‘mind’...
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...motivation on our daily lives to influence our behavior and the ability to fulfill our dreams. Motivation can be achieved through different methods. Each method has its own unique way of influencing out personal behaviors. Of course we have different methods of motivation since different individuals exhibit different personalities. Everyone is therefore influenced differently with each method. Let’s briefly check on the following effective methods of motivation: 1. Creating motivation through desire Perhaps you have ever noticed the incentive and ambition you had when you attempted to reach certain aim that you seriously wanted to achieve in your life. Trust me, this is the same approach you can use to develop your personal motivation and significantly improve it. The main point here is to visualize all the good things or benefits you will get from your hard work. It is this desire to achieve something that can effectively be used as a method of motivation. Try this, it really works! 2. Develop interest on your goals Having interest in doing something is a great incentive to achieve it. Just imagine of some subject that you really hated while in school, probably mathematics. Did you ever realize that it was very difficult to motivate yourself to revise for the subject even when exams came knocking? This is simply because you had no incentive to studying math. Your lack of interest in the subject did not push you into working hard to understand it. Interest is very crucial...
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...Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Personality Development Trust vs. Mistrust Trust versus mistrust is Erikson’s first stage in his theory psychosocial development. It is also believed to be the most important. In this stage, infants learn whether or not they can trust the people around them, especially those they’re closest to. It occurs during the first year of life when the infant is completely dependent on its mother/caregiver. Because the infant is utterly helpless during this time, the personality is affected by the degree of love, care and dependability of the parent. If the parent attends to the child’s needs accordingly, is present and responsive, it is rational to believe that he or she will grow up feeling safe and secure in the world. If, however, the caregiver is emotionally or physically unavailable, irresponsible or lackadaisical, he or she could grow up fearful of the world, viewing it as erratic and inconsistent. I obviously do not remember this period of my life, but I am aware that I was properly and fully attended to. I was the first child of my mother’s second set (8 year difference) and the first planned pregnancy she encountered. I was my father’s first daughter and a really beautiful gift to my family because of that. My mother adored me and stayed at home while my father worked for the full first year of my existence. My view matches Erikson’s theory of the outcome of positive care, seeing how I am trusting, hopeful and comfortable in the world around...
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...Literature Review on Autism Wilfredo Garcia Table of Contents Abstract 3 Autism 4 Videogames and young people with Developmental disorders 10 Funding of Applied Behavior Analysis 11 Executive function in individuals with sub threshold Autism traits 12 Conclusion 14 References 15 Abstract The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (Allington-Smith, 2006). There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism on the other hand, and nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004). The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems. It is suggested that adults with LD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adults with LD and autism. ...
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...easily distracted -Increasing activities, such as taking on new projects -Being overly restless -Sleeping little or not being tired -Having an unrealistic belief in one's abilities -Behaving impulsively and engaging in pleasurable, high-risk behaviours | | Depression | Mood Changes | -An overly long period of feeling sad or hopeless -Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including sex. | Behavioral Changes | -Feeling tired or "slowed down" -Having problems concentrating, remembering, and making decisions -Being restless or irritable -Changing eating, sleeping, or other habits -Thinking of death or suicide, or attempting suicide. | How does they correlate? Both involves disturbance in length of sleep. Both involves intense emotional changes. Both has a cyclic period to show up the traits of the disorder. (not continuously ) Both will co-occur with PTSD, ADHD,MIGRAIN, HEART DISEASE, DIABETES and etc . What are the effects of insomnia in our daily life? Decreases level of alertness and effectiveness of a person when handling a vehicle or machine,raising the rate of road and occupational...
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...Overtaken by Age?-Ageing Nations When nations are changing because its population grows old... By Stephanie Scherzer M2Di interational Fashion and Management Semester 4 Overtaken by Age?Ageing Nations AGE OvERTAKES uS ALL; OuR TEMPLES FIRST; THEN ON O’ER CHEEK AND CHIN, SLOWLy AND SuRELy, CREEP THE FROSTS OF TIME. uP AND DO SOMEWHAT, ERE THy LIMBS ARE SERE. THEOCRITuS, “THE LOvE OF THyONICHuS” When nations are changing because its population grows old... The world’s fertility rate declines. Less people have children and if they have, then just in very low numbers. The fertility rate is the number of children a woman can expect to have. Half as many children as in 1955 are being born today (The Economist Oct 2011). After WW II there has been a steep surge in birth rates. These so called Baby Boomers, children born after 1946, are retired by now. Altogether they form a big group of not-working people against a becomingsmaller working group. Another reason why the working force is getting smaller is that the age for young people of entering the labour market is getting higher because of increasing education length. The chart shows that the following nations have more than 10% decline in workforce population; Switzerland, the Netherlands, Austria, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, Poland, South Korea, Russia, Japan and Germany. Furthermore the growing life expectancy and the falling birth rates since 1970 contribute to the ageing of our today’s society. This downturn will not...
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...Human Development and Counseling Approach Paper PSY 430A – Counseling Theory Professor Kimberly Anderson Warner Pacific College March 3, 2013 Human Development and Counseling Approach Paper My Beliefs When I think about human development I think about life and the steps we take in our developmental process. From conception to birth, through the early years, middle school, high school and college – then life, a job, spouse, the house and a family – from there you have established a life, and you deal with the ups and downs of what life hands you. We spend our whole life developing. Regardless of what we think or believe we are constant learners and constantly developing into our individual selves. Along the road of life there will be ups, downs, successes and failures, but through it all as individuals we are developing into the person we are supposed to be. Human development is that whole process, from birth to death and all that is in between. Everything we do, learn, and achieve has to do with our development. The role of development theorists are significant in knowing what we know today and the research performed from centuries earlier have guided others and inspired others to expand and continue to evolve the foundation of developmental theory into what it is today. Theorists such as Freud, Piaget and Vygotsky were the forefathers of development theory and their work was significant. However they provided the framework for other theorists to expand...
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...1.|A nurse has been working with Mrs. Griffin, a 71-year-old patient whose poorly controlled type 1 diabetes has led to numerous health problems. Over the past several years Mrs. Griffin has had several admissions to the hospital medical unit, and the nurse has often carried out health promotion interventions. Who is ultimately responsible for maintaining and promoting Mrs. Griffin's health?| A)|The medical nurse| B)|The community health nurse who has also worked with Mrs. Griffin| C)|Mrs. Griffin's primary care provider| D)|Mrs. Griffin| Ans:|D| |Feedback:| |American society places a great importance on health and the responsibility that each of us has to maintain and promote our own health. Therefore, the other options are incorrect.| 2.|An elderly female patient has come to the clinic for a scheduled follow-up appointment. The nurse learns from the patient's daughter that the patient is not following the instructions she received upon discharge from the hospital last month. What is the most likely factor causing the patient not to adhere to her therapeutic regimen?| A)|Ethnic background of health care provider| B)|Costs of the prescribed regimen| C)|Presence of a learning disability| D)|Personality of the physician| Ans:|B| |Feedback:| |Variables that appear to influence the degree of adherence to a prescribed therapeutic regimen include gender, race, education, illness, complexity of the regimen, and the cost of treatments. The ethnic background of the health care provider...
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...From the SelectedWorks of Richard H. Serlin January 2008 Introduction to Student Loan Debt, with Information on Important Related Subjects Contact Author Start Your Own SelectedWorks Notify Me of New Work Available at: http://works.bepress.com/richard_serlin/15 Introduction to Student Loan Debt With Information on Important Related Subjects By Richard Serlin Student loan debt has become an extremely important issue in recent years. There are several key reasons for this. First, the amount of student loan debt taken on has skyrocketed to unprecedented levels. At public universities the percentage of students graduating with over $40,000 in student loan debt increased 18 fold between 1993 and 2004 – even using constant, inflation adjusted, dollars. In 1993 only 0.3% of all graduating seniors had student debt of greater than $40,000 (in 2004 dollars). By 2004 5.4% did. One-fourth of all public university graduating seniors in 2004 had student loan debt greater than $22,821. Half had student loan debt greater than $15,471. Median student loan debt increased by 108% between 1993 and 2004, and even adjusting for inflation it increased by 58%. Those obtaining graduate degrees can finish with over $100,000 in student loans. This debt is especially serious given that it is virtually impossible to discharge in bankruptcy. It would take a tragedy akin to being full body paralyzed in an accident to get it discharged under the current rules. On...
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...Nursing in 3D: Diversity, Disparities, and Social Determinants The Social Determinants of Health: It’s Time to Consider the Causes of the Causes Paula Braveman, MD, MPHa Laura Gottlieb, MD, MPHb ABSTRACT During the past two decades, the public health community’s attention has been drawn increasingly to the social determinants of health (SDH)—the factors apart from medical care that can be influenced by social policies and shape health in powerful ways. We use “medical care” rather than “health care” to refer to clinical services, to avoid potential confusion between “health” and “health care.” The World Health Organization’s Commission on the Social Determinants of Health has defined SDH as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age” and “the fundamental drivers of these conditions.” The term “social determinants” often evokes factors such as health-related features of neighborhoods (e.g., walkability, recreational areas, and accessibility of healthful foods), which can influence health-related behaviors. Evidence has accumulated, however, pointing to socioeconomic factors such as income, wealth, and education as the fundamental causes of a wide range of health outcomes. This article broadly reviews some of the knowledge accumulated to date that highlights the importance of social—and particularly socioeconomic— factors in shaping health, and plausible pathways and biological mechanisms that may explain their effects. We also discuss...
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