...H1N1 Swine Flu Top of Form History will always repeat itself. In many events it has been proven fact. There are many examples of this; some would say the landing of Christopher Columbus and the Holocaust, others might say the Columbine Massacre and the several school shootings that followed that. But the most eerie and coincidental reoccurrence is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old,...
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...Introduction to Agricultural Sector and Swine Industries. Thailand, one of the major world food supplies, have always been associated with a high concentration of labor in agricultural sector. There is a saying that “farming is not just an occupation, but it is the way of life”, in the case of Thailand, it could not be true. Almost 70 % of the labor force are in agricultural sector, and even though that number is falling for the last decades, agricultural sector is still be the main source of food supplies, and employment. There are many sub sector within Agricultural, such as; Fishing, Rice, Cassava, Poultry, etc. However, that main emphasis of this report will be focusing on one of the most important share of this sector, naming Swine Industry. The swine industry or the more familiar term, pork industry, are very important source of food supply in Thai society, which play a part in maintaining a low cost of living and ultimately, controlling a reasonable level of inflation. In fact, by the analysis of FAO (Food and Organization of United Nation) “Pork has become the second most important meat in Thai consumption, with average consumption in the late 1990s of about 4.7 kg per person per year”. And because of the upcoming ASEAN community that will be officially formed at the end of this year, the pork industries is expected to expand aggressively. This is because in the past, we mainly produced to meet domestic demand and export some. After becoming he member...
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...produce meats in high volume but have little to no regard for animal or human welfare, the environment, or food safety. CAFOs in the United States are able to produce and process these large amounts of meat year-round by providing sheltered farms for a range of livestock such as cattle, swine, and sheep. However, within these farms animals are confined in limited spaces, making living conditions increasingly unhealthy and unsanitary. Brian Walsh, an environmental columnist at Time Magazine, observed that pigs are sometimes “packed so tightly with other swine that many of their curly tails have been chopped off so they won’t bite one another.” Conditions like these are prime locations for diseases to thrive and spread throughout the livestock. Although antibacterial immunizations are provided to the pigs, the bacteria and other viruses are constantly altering, leading to untreatable infections that can be easily passed onto workers and consumers. Contributing to the threat of new diseases, CAFOs contain massive pileups of feces and other excrements which do not provide safe living or breeding grounds for animals. With over 100 million tons of feces and urine produced annually by swine CAFOs alone, the total amount of unmanageable waste leads to increasing air and water pollution while diminishing the quality of life in surrounding communities (Burkholder). The United States and the Environmental Protection Agency need to strengthen rules and regulations of...
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...Veterinarians can contribute to human as well as animal health, a number of veterinarians work with physicians and scientists as they research ways to prevent and treat various human health problems. Technology is also incorporated in this career. Technology helps veterinary doctors because Animals needs the benefit of laser surgery, ultrasounds, and MRIs. Operations that once required weeks of recovery now take just days. The challenges that a veterinarian might encounter in this career is that when working with animals that are frightened or in pain, veterinarians risked being bitten, kicked, or scratched. Vets also face the risk of infections caused by viruses and bacteria in animals, such as swine flu and avian flu. To prevent this risks, It is recommended that veterinarians are vaccinated against rabies just in case, or normally you will have at least one other person, a vet technician in the room restraining the animal while you give vaccinations or exams, so this reduces the animal’s ability to bite you. Science helps me prepare for my future career because in science class, we do presentation and talk in front of people and that will help me practice...
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...Community Health and Population Focused Nursing Task 2 Cecilia D. Vazquez Western Governors University A. Identification of international outbreak The communicable disease that caused an international outbreak is Swine Influenza A which is also known as H1N1. I will be describing the epidemiology and transmission of the outbreak, the effect of the outbreak on my community at a systems level and finally discuss what actions will be appropriate for a community health nurse when confronted with an outbreak of pandemic proportions. A1. Details of international outbreak Swine influenza A was first detected in the United States on April 13, 2009. The first identified patient was a 10year old male in San Diego California. He will be listed as patient A. He presented with fever, cough and vomiting to an outpatient clinic. Documented report of case from the Center for Disease Control includes information about his family members health history with child’s mother having respiratory symptoms without fever in the first few days of April, and the patient’s eight year old brother having respiratory illness two weeks prior to patient. The patient’s eight year old brother became ill again with cough, fever and rhinorrhea on April 11th. Next identified patient will be named patient B. Patient B is a nine year old female who resides in Imperial County, California which is 130 miles away from San Diego, California. She presented to an outpatient clinic on March 28, 2009...
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...Introduction to Public Relations Term Paper Why is it important for a corporation’s health to have good relations with its media, customers, employers, and investors? The large size of a corporation can distance themselves from stakeholders. The average consumer can’t comprehend how big a company like Wal-Mart really is, 419 billion in sales. We want to feel appreciated. The public is often distrustful of the power, influence, and credibility of such giant businesses. Corporate scandals take a toll on corporate reputations. Media – Negative coverage can cause a corporations reputation to plummet. Toyota went from 18th to 139th on a corporate reputation list and it was blamed on negative news coverage surrounding product recalls. Several ongoing complaints: inaccuracy, incomplete coverage, inadequate, preparation for interviews and anti business bias. Customer Relations – Customer service in many respects is the front line of public relations. Thanks to the Internet a single unsatisfied customer could inform thousands or even millions of other consumers. Many public relations departments monitor customer feedback in a verity of ways to determine which policies and communication strategies need to be revised. Employee Relations – Employees represent the company and if they are not treated fairly the unhappiness shows in their comments to others. On the other hand enthusiastic employees will ensure that the product is good and that it is a work friendly environment...
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...Exam 2 Essay Terrika Moore “Question 10 Answer” The Bergey’s Manual is a system used to classify procaryotes and bacteria. The first edition of the guide was based on specific characteristics of gram staining and metabolic reactions, which was a method called phenotypic. However with the new second edition, classifications and identification goes more in depth. It’s based on genetic information, specifies the relationship and phylogenetic history of the bacteria. Bergey’s Manual 2nd edition is broken down into five volumes: Vol. 1 separates Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria into their own groups. Vol. 2 represents the Phylum Proteobacteria, breaks them into 5 classification groups. These bacteria all have gram negative cell walls. Vol. 3 represents Phylum Firmicutes, these are the low G + C gram positive bacteria which only has 3 classes. This group of bacteria includes staphylococcus and streptococcus. Vol. 4 includes a single class of Phylum Actinobacteria, in which this bacterium is a high G + C gram positive bacteria. Vol. 5 contains 9 Phyla in which they’re all gram negative but may or may not be related. “Question 7 Answer” Zygomycota are saprophytic molds in which this fungus receives it nourishments from dead or decaying matter. This fungus is the black mold on bread. Its asexual reproduction is sporangiospores and sexual spores are large zygospores and are enclosed by a thick wall. Zygomycota can cause serious infections in immunosuppressed or diabetic...
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...Paylean® in Market Swine As Joel Salatin once said, “we don’t ask how to make a pig happy, we ask how to grow it faster, fatter, bigger, cheaper, and that’s not a noble goal” (Salatin, 2015). Technology is slowly beginning to take over the world around us and is affecting everything that people do, from what they eat to what they wear. As the world continues to advance, more concerns and discussions about what is taking place in the world around us keep surfacing in everyday conversations. Pork producers typically have the same common goal of efficiently producing lean, quality pork in order to keep the pork industry strong and vibrant when compared to other animal products. With this new goal in mind, the meat production industry has led to the top choice being an overall more lean market hog, and many people believe that feeding Paylean® will help pork producers achieve this common goal, in turn saving the pork industry. A common discussion in the agricultural industry today is the usage of Paylean® in market pigs. Although this substance has been around since the early 2000s, some people believe it is not well-digested by pigs, it affects the health of the pig, and it changes the flavor of the pork that humans consume. Therefore, Paylean® has become quite a controversial product, with some believing it should be an illegal substance, especially in the market swine show industry. A common feed additive in the swine show industry today is a substance called Paylean®. Paylean®...
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...Bird Flu (H5N1) This articles discusses Bird Flu (H5N1). It talks about a lot of information from the causes, symptoms, exams and tests to detect it, the treatments and also the outlook or prognosis. The first human case was reported in Hong Kong in 1997 and was transmitted through chickens. This means that the virus was able to pass the barrier and mutate between animal and man. Since then there has been hundreds of cases and the mortality rate is approximetely 50%. Your risk of contracting the avian flu virus increases if you work with poultry, travel to countries where the virus is present or you consume undercooked poultry meat or eggs. The most recent case involved a 10 year old girl from Cambodia. After 5 days she was admitted to the hospital and after 2 days in intensive care she died (Zimmer 2012). The article states that treatment for H5N1 varies depending on your symptoms but generally can be treated with Tamiflu or Relenza to lessen the severity. These medications must be taken within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms for them to be effective. Typically with any virus the best treatment is a lot of fluids to help the virus run its' course more quickly. There have been cases of Bird Flu reported in Asia, Africa, Europe, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Pacific and near the East. It also goes on to state that the chance for a worldwide outbreak in humans goes up the more the the avian flu virus spreads. In conclusion, the avian flu virus, or bird flu is absolutely...
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...Disease in the News: Swine Flu Debra Wilson HCS245 January 13, 2014 Windy Tanner Disease in the News: Swine Flu In November, 2013 an article appeared in PLOS Medicine, which is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal that covers the whole spectrum of medical sciences. PLOS stands for Public Library of Science. This article has to do with swine flu deaths from the 2009 global outbreak and a new study by researchers in 26 different countries that point to the fact that the number of people who died in the 2009 swine flu outbreak was much higher than original World Health Organization official figures have shown. The new study presented in PLOS Medicine gives an estimate of world-wide swine flu deaths to have been about 203,000. This figure is roughly ten times higher than that given by the World Health Organization (WHO)-which based its total only on laboratory confirmed cases and deaths. Also, this study looked into the number of deaths by causes that became exacerbated or intensified by swine flu infection. When these deaths were taken into account, the total number of deaths due to infection by swine flu nearly doubled the 203,000 total. This was approximately more than twenty times higher than the WHO total-which, just to reiterate, was solely based on lab confirmed cases, etc... When making comments on the study (which was funded by WHO to look into the details of the outbreak and to try to come up with a more accurate death toll), one of the main researchers...
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...Swine flu is everywhere around you. On the TV that you watch in your home, on the posters in the tram that you take going to work, on radio programmes that you listen, in your mailbox on warning flyers and even on the bathroom walls on the university campus. People are being bombed by the news about swine flu from all possible directions at all possible times. It is not a surprise that most of us end up feeling panicked and scared of swine flu virus. Governments encourage us to protect ourselves and get a vaccination shot which actually may cause more damage to your health that to help it. The public is not aware of all the facts when it comes to swine flu pandemic and therefore blindly follows the government’s instructions and injects themselves with controversial substances. I will try to present the arguments supporting the theory that getting a swine flu shot is nothing more than unnecessary risk and a result of panic created by media who are unconsciously advertising products of medical companies. First of all swine flu is not more dangerous than seasonal flu so why would you need to protect yourselves from it? The numbers show that swine flu killed so far around 250 people around the world from April 26, 2009 when pandemic was officially announced by WHO. Whereas seasonal flu caused more than 13000 deaths only in the area of U.S and only from period from January till April 2009.It can be clearly inferred that seasonal flu is much more dangerous and fatal in consequences...
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...Spanish Flu; Swine Flu History will always repeat itself. In many events it has been proven fact. There are many examples of this; some would say the landing of Christopher Columbus and the Holocaust, others might say the Columbine Massacre and the several school shootings that followed that. But the most eerie and coincidental reoccurrence is the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 and the H1N1 ‘Swine Flu’ outbreak. By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end. It would later be characterized as a human-to-human transmissible case of swine flu. The virus struck with amazing speed, often killing its victims within just hours of the first signs of infection. So fast did the 1918 strain overwhelm the body's natural defenses, that the usual cause of death in influenza patients---a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia---oftentimes never had a chance to establish itself. Instead, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemorrhaging that filled the lungs, and patients would drown in their own body fluids. Not only was the Spanish Flu (as it came to be known) strikingly virulent, but it displayed an unusual preference in its choice of victims---tending to select young healthy adults over those with weakened immune systems, as in the very young, the very old, and the infirm...
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...How fair is the judgment that Bentham’s Utilitarianism is a ‘pig philosophy’ or ‘swine ethic.’ (10 marks) Thomas Carlyle was a critic of Bentham’s approach of Utilitarianism. He reflects on Bentham’s approach as a ‘pig philosophy’. This is because he saw it more as a morality based on the ‘swinish pleasure of the masses.’ Bentham’s philosophy was referred as a swinish or the pig’s philosophy as it endorsed on the greatest amount of pleasure for the greatest number of people. This is degrading humans viewing them as animals that focus mainly on the needs of the majority whether even if the minority is morally approved. An example of this will be abortion. Bentham’s theory will support the act of abortion. According to his theory the majority will receive pleasure through the abortion of an unborn. The pregnant women might have conceived the unborn by an accident. If the woman and her family are financially broken she will choose not to keep the child. This will lead them to take a decision to abort the unborn. This will not make the financial system better for the family however it will decrease the amount of materials they would need to spend for another person, allowing them to save some money. This will lead them to take a decision to abort the unborn child. Even though it is not acceptable to abort a child Bentham’s theory can be used to support this act. Majority will benefit from this abortion. However, utilitarianism advocates injustice as the innocent is unjustly...
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...The article that was chosen was Swine Influenza (H1N1 FLU). Swine flu is defined as an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza viruses (Raut, Gharge, Salve, & Habale, 2009). It consists of any strain of the influenza family that is endemic in pigs. The article discussed the classification of the viruses, the history, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment of the virus. As of 2009, the Swine Influenza Virus (SIV) included influenza C and the subtypes of influenza A also known by the following names: H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3. Treatment The treatment for the swine flu has to first be determined by the strain that you have and if it is for humans or pigs. There are three genera of the virus and two out of the three cause influenza in pigs. The strains in influenza A and C that affect both pigs and humans are largely distinct, however, due to reassortment of the virus transfers of genes among the strains crossing swine, avian, and human species [ (Raut, Gharge, Salve, & Habale, 2009) ]. For you to go get treated you have to know what signs and symptoms to look for. In the pig, you would need to look for fever, lethargy¸ sneezing, coughing, difficulty breathing, and decreased appetite. If a pig is pregnant in some cases, it can also cause abortion. In humans, the symptoms are similar to those of regular seasonal human influenza. The symptoms include coughing, headache, body ache, vomiting, diarrhea, sneezing, runny nose, and fever...
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...• ^ International Committee on onomy of Viruses. "The Universal Virus Database, version 4: Influenza A". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/ICTVdB/00.046.0.01.htm. [dead link] 1. ^ a b c d e f "Swine influenza". The Merck Veterinary Manual. 2008. ISBN 1442167424. http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/121407.htm. Retrieved April 30, 2009. 2. ^ [1][dead link] 3. ^ Heinen PP (15 September 2003). "Swine influenza: a zoonosis". Veterinary Sciences Tomorrow. ISSN 1569-0830. http://www.vetscite.org/publish/articles/000041/print.html. "Influenza B and C viruses are almost exclusively isolated from man, although influenza C virus has also been isolated from pigs and influenza B has recently been isolated from seals." 4. ^ Bouvier NM, Palese P (September 2008). "THE BIOLOGY OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES". Vaccine 26 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): D49–53. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.039. PMC 3074182. PMID 19230160. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3074182. 5. ^ Kimura H, Abiko C, Peng G et al. (April 1997). "Interspecies transmission of influenza C virus between humans and pigs". Virus Research 48 (1): 71–9. doi:10.1016/S0168-1702(96)01427-X. PMID 9140195. 6. ^ a b Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Mizuta K et al. (February 2002). "Antigenic and Genetic Characterization of Influenza C Viruses Which Caused Two Outbreaks in Yamagata City, Japan, in 1996 and 1998". Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (2): 422–9. doi:10.1128/JCM.40.2.422-429...
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