...communication based on your personal perceptions and the perceptions others have of you. Personal effectiveness begins with you and also includes views others may have of you as an individual. You will go beyond your personal viewpoint and seek feedback from others in order to achieve a more accurate understanding of self. To prepare for this discussion, research effective communication using your textbook readings and the Argosy University online library resources. Reflect on your personal effectiveness as a communicator, and then interview two to four people to find out how others perceive your communication. Be ready for a discussion based on the following questions. * Define what you consider to be your strengths as a communicator. Consider talking, listening, empathy, and so on. * Discuss what you consider to be some important areas for improvement in your communication. * Explain how different your personal perceptions of your strengths and weaknesses are compared to the perceptions others have of you. * Distinguish what changes, if any, you would like to make in your...
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...Communication Paper Evan Miller Soc/110 August 3, 2010 Lydia Haddad Communication Barriers between Genders and Cultures Even though it can become an obstacle based on what the opposite gender sees as being socially acceptable. Verbal and Nonverbal communication can mean different things in different countries. Because a word or gesture in one country may be socially acceptable but in another it may not be acceptable. And verbal and non verbal communication between genders can become an obstacle. How do people communicate? People communicate in different ways. It can be done both verbally and non-verbally. In talking about the way that we communicate through verbal communication in groups there are three main functions of verbal communication- task ordering, process orientation and narrative (Harris & Sherblom, 2008, p. 107). The first communication method that I will be talking about is task ordering; It involves cognitive meaning that focuses on either/or choices and creates an understanding about the group’s purposes and processes. Specifically, language draws attention to particular items and provides the backbone of the group interaction. What if we are asked to serve on a task force, one of the first questions we might ask is, “What are we trying to accomplish?” We are also interested in the time constraints, the resources available, and other pertinent data. Another example of task ordering is if the group has an agenda, keep notes...
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...Since ancient ages, a lot has been talked about the matter of communication between the two sexes. Do men and women speak differently, or do they speak alike? Do men speak to command attention and authority? Are women more likely to speak in a more deferential tone? Are there any notable differences in the speaking styles of women and men? In antiquity, the answer was a simple and fascinating ‘yes’. In his essay “Sex Differences”, Ronald Macaulay believes there is no differences as such that affects language acquisition, although social factors interfere in the way they both talk. In contrast, Janet Holmes expresses in her essay “Women talk too much” that language is biased because it is men who have positions of power and seek authority, who judges when talk is too much, when its appropriate, and that women assert themselves less when speech is more valued. As we progress, we shall examine more closely their positions and expose the nature of their claims. In fact, the use and style in language has no bearing on one’s gender. The way one communicates with others has much to do with personal life experiences, self-image, and the overall make up of our personality and character. According to Macaulay, women are more straightforward and use the language in a simpler manner while men tend to be more creative. First of all, men are associated with toughness and aggression, sometimes boldness whereas women are associated with sweetness, being innocent, shy and loyal. These...
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...communicative - if discrimination can be positive / negative, then so can communication (be positive / negative) • Communication Accommodation (Adjustment) Theory: explores how discrimination occurs communicatively • Main Premise: we adjust (accommodate) our communication based on our communicative partner. - attitudes of communicative partner’s social group are important - types of accommodation • Converge: —> social identity - we desire a positive social identity - we want to feel good about our own group membership —> social comparison - we compare our group in relation to other groups (“relative” others) — relative means that when you are comparing the same genders but different ethnicities they’re the same, but different — in-group rejection: when you reject yourself • Social Comparison - we compare our group in relation to other groups (“relative” others) — women compare themselves to other women - if social comparison for our group is positive, then we have positive social identity - the more positive social identities we have, the more positive we feel about ourselves - converse also true (ex: negative social identity) — people can absolutely have a negative social identity —>...
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...What Affects does our Schemas and Critical Thinking Play in our Roles as Leaders GM591: Leadership and Organizational Behavior Instructor: Oliver London, Ph. D. Gloria Wilson gloriahomes@yahoo.com * 816-560-5913 December 10, 2010 INTRODUCTION Let me set the stage of this fascinating topic that I have created for you to understand, “What affects does our Schemas and Critical Thinking play in our roles as Leaders?” You must understand my background to see why I could not separate the two – Schemas and Critical Thinking. I was brought up in a southern Baptist family on my mom and dad side of the family. Our religion was number one and everything else was based on your beliefs (schemas) surrounding this very devout religious family. As I got older, and attended the business college for two years, before moving on to the big university, the first class I had was…you guessed it, Critical Thinking. I know I was a born leader, no doubt about it. I loved making sure everyone was well cared for in the family, as a child and as adult. You put all these together and you have created a…I will let you read it in the conclusion. My schemas as a child led me to believe, and do certain things as a child, to the clothing I wore down to the shoes I wore. Let me broaden it up for you a tad bit in schemas in the business world of thinking. “Schemas are cognitive frame works that represent organized knowledge developed through experience about people, objects, or events...
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...A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 2 Abstract In this qualitative study, work-family conflict in China and the United States is compared and contrasted based on national culture, traditions, norms, and living standards. The analysis results in a proposition that Chinese employees will experience less work-family conflict when faced with the same work and family demand as their American counterparts, because of differences in their work and family priority, perception of work-family relationship, national culture, conflict handling style, social support, work-family communication, and economic pressure. The implications to American managers are discussed. A SINO-U.S. COMPARISON OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT 3 A Sino-U.S. Comparison of Work-Family Conflict and Its Implications to American Managers Work-family conflict has been a concern of many researchers (Carlson & Kacmar, 2000; Greenhaus & Beutell, 1985). Studies showed that work-family conflict had negative impact on employees, their families, and organizations (Beutell & Witting-Berman, 1999; Burke, 1988; Frone & Cooper, 1992; Goff, Mount, & Jamison, 1990; Martins, Eddleston, & Veiga, 2002). Recent changes in demographic characteristics of the U.S. work force have resulted in greater work-family conflict. Examples of these demographic changes include the...
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...Analytic comparison According to society, a woman is often described as a feminine and delicate flower. During the earlier times women were depicted as weak and in need of a man to rescue them from life’s problems. Women were expected to do household chores and take care of children. As an infant, gender roles were assigned to children and certain games showcased the roles that women had to follow. In Jamaica Kincaid’s short narrative “Girl” the duties and responsibilities that are associated with being a woman are discussed, and Junot Diaz’s “How to Date a Browngirl, Blackgirl, Whitegirl, or Halfie” dictates how to date women that are ethnically and racially different. These two stories, share some similarities such as point of view but are...
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...to be picked up informally by imitating parents. Parents may use sanctions to reinforce approval behaviour (positive sanctions) and punish unacceptable behaviour (negative sanctions). These processes help children to learn about their role in family and society. Furthermore, a research carried out by Diane Reay (1998) on class and parenting. She made detailed study of 33 mothers in London. All of these women put great effort into practical maintenance of child such as feeding, clothing. They also put effort into emotional development such as reassuring and encouraging their children. However, Reay identified a major class differences. The middle class mothers had time and energy to spend reading to their children and were confident when talking to teachers. The...
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...differences between Twitter and Facebook in the use of branding. Depicting the “social discourse” is “Twitter vs Facebook: Which is more valuable for brands?” an article by Megan O’Neill. The opposing discourse of “culture” is portrayed through “Social Networking: Twitter vs Facebook,” a blog post by Jessica Kim. Firstly, it should be notable that there is no utter definition of discourse. The study of discourse is a vast field, and the nature of its complexity stands as enough of an explanation. On that note, this essay will attempt to define discourse in the way it has been understood. Discourse could be defined as any given theme derived from any given body of text. According to Michel Foucault (1997), discourses are “socially constructed knowledge’s of some aspect of reality” (Theo p.94). Discourses provide us with a port of reference and a way to interpret the world, allowing our knowledge to be influenced and created through certain discourses. Specific notions on a chosen topic have been constructed according to our social contexts; our knowledge of a particular object and are influenced and created through discourses. (Theo p.94) In the Foucauldian conception, Discourse is seen as “more than just a way of talking – rather, it is understood as a complex network of relationships between individuals, texts, ideas and institutions” (Olsson 2010). He believed that our identities, experiences, thoughts and feelings are built upon existing interactions between people that...
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...were both men of the same race and products of similar backgrounds, Monet and Degas developed contrasting artistic styles. While it is unlikely that they ever publicly reviewed each other’s work, the prospect of Edgar Degas, a devout realist, commenting on Claude Monet’s works of impressionism likely evokes phrases such as ‘stylistic misunderstanding’ and ‘representational disdain.’ Both Claude Monet and Edgar Degas actively sought to achieve some level of worldly representation through their works. They achieved this representation through vastly different methods and fundamentally different brushstrokes. As brushstrokes are to the canvas of the painter, diction is to the pages of an author’s work. The stark and frequently unadulterated realism that Richard Wright, one of the major novelists to emerge from the Harlem Renaissance, is known for, is often contrasted to his contemporary and rival, Zora Neale Hurston’s, more socially appealing racial and human sensuality. Much like Monet and Degas, who aimed to achieve some level of inspiration through their art, Hurston and Wright both actively sought to expand the minds of their audience through socially provoking writing. While no record of contemporary criticism is in existence between Monet and Degas, the same cannot be said for Hurston and Wright. Both authors were passionate about their own methods and styles and rarely shied away from an opportunity to vocalize their opinions regarding the other’s work. Hurston and Wright...
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...speristeri@hotmail.com, manavis.athanasios@gmail.com Professor: Vitalina E. Kurylyak ternopil2000@yahoo.com November 2014, Kozani - Greece Contents Introduction Group Dynamics Group Dynamics Types of Groups Formal Group Informal Group Primary Group Secondary Group Group problems solving Group decision making styles The role of the group leader Teamwork Team Building Team Development Forming Storming Norming Performing Transforming Keys to Success Bibliography Figures Fig. 1 – Group definition Fig. 2 - Group Cohesiveness definition Fig. 3 - Actions to increase Cohesiveness Fig. 4 - Role and norms definitions Fig. 5 - (a) Relationship between Group Cohesiveness, Performance Norms and Productivity and (b) Causes of Team Cohesiveness Fig. 6 - Types of groups Fig. 7 - Six Stages of Group development Fig. 8 - Group decision making styles Fig. 9 - Attributes Fig. 10 - The leadership dynamics Fig. 11 - A group leader's roles Fig. 12 -Team's decision making tools Fig. 13 - Team development graph Fig. 14 - Trust building Introduction The term “group dynamics” refers to the interactions between people who are talking together in a group setting. Teams and groups are living organisms with certain predictable stages of development. Many organizations different groups are formed at different levels, formal groups, informal groups, primary groups and secondary groups. Groups tend to form for one of two reasons: either for purely social purposes...
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...Introduction In this essay, I will discuss my experience of interviewing a family and constructing a genogram guided by their narrative. For this task, I purposely chose a family that is very different from my family of origin in terms of their cultural heritage. I will reflect on differences and similarities between our families as well as my prejudices and hypothesis that I inevitably constructed before and during the process. To identify this family, I had to approach some colleagues proposing to them to participate in the interview. Fortunately, one of them introduced me to her friend. Francesca had an interest in psychology, and since she was free and not much committed, I did welcome her with a cup of coffee to share more about the interview. After I formally introduced myself to her, I laid down to her the framework of the interview, and she agreed to participate with her husband, Matteo. Family context The family I interviewed comes from Italy, but they moved to the UK 3 years ago. I noticed that knowing these few details I was already constructing hypothesis based on stereotypes. I was dreading the interview because I was expecting to have difficulty in stopping them talking since I was concerned about getting enough information to construct the genogram. I also hypothesized whether being new to the UK makes them consider participating in projects like mine to increase a sense of belonging. Another hypothesis where I imagined them to have very firmly attachments to their extended...
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...Idealism – Positive characteristics of one’s self, and/or what they desire to be like. Differentiation – Adolescents are more likely than children to note contextual or situational variations in describing themselves. Adolescents are more likely than children to understand that they possess several different selves, each one varying in some degree according to a specific role or context. The Fluctuating self – The self continues to be characterized by instability until late adolescence or even early adulthood Maladjustment – A strong discrepancy between the real and ideal self Possible Self – Alternate to the idea of maladjustment. What the individual might become, what they want to become, and what they are afraid of becoming. Self-Comparison – Comparison of self to peers. Adolescents are more likely than children to use self-comparison in evaluating themselves; however their willingness to admit that they engage in social comparison for this purpose declines during adolescence because they view these acts as socially undesirable. Self-Consciousness – Adolescent’s friends are often the main source of reflected self-appraisals, the social mirror into which adolescents anxiously stare. Self-Protection – Repressing the negative characteristics about one’s self. Only acknowledging the good. Unconscious self – Older adolescents are more likely than younger adolescents to believe that certain Ch 4: Self Self-esteem- (self-worth or self-image) is the global evaluative dimension...
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...Death Studies, 36: 1–22, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0748-1187 print=1091-7683 online DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2011.553312 BEREAVEMENT EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS AND FATHERS OVER TIME AFTER THE DEATH OF A CHILD DUE TO CANCER RIFAT ALAM Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MARU BARRERA Department of Psychology, Haematology=Oncology Program, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada NORMA D’AGOSTINO Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada DAVID B. NICHOLAS Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada GERALD SCHNEIDERMAN Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada The authors investigated longitudinally bereavement in mothers and fathers whose children died of cancer. Thirty-one parents were interviewed 6 and 18 months post-death. Analyses revealed parental differences and changes over time: (a) employment—fathers were more work-focused; (b) grief reactions—mothers expressed more intense grief reactions that lessened over time; (c) coping—mothers were more child-focused, fathers more task-focused; (d) relationship with bereaved siblings—mothers actively nurtured relationship with child;...
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...How to compare and contrast essay As you generate points of comparison, consider the purpose and content of the assignment and the focus of the class. What do you think the professor wants you to learn by doing this comparison/contrast? How does it fit with what you have been studying so far and with the other assignments in the course? Are there any clues about what to focus on in the assignment itself? Here are some general questions about different types of things you might have to compare. These are by no means complete or definitive lists; they’re just here to give you some ideas—you can generate your own questions for these and other types of comparison. You may want to begin by using the questions reporters traditionally ask: Who? What? Where? When? Why? How? If you’re talking about objects, you might also consider general properties like size, shape, color, sound, weight, taste, texture, smell, number, duration, and location. Two historical periods or events When did they occur—do you know the date(s) and duration? What happened or changed during each? Why are they significant? What kinds of work did people do? What kinds of relationships did they have? What did they value? What kinds of governments were there? Who were important people involved? What caused events in these periods, and what consequences did they have later on? Two ideas or theories What are they about? Did they originate at some particular time? Who created them? Who uses or defends them? What...
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