...1. Absolute Monarch-form of government where the monarch (usually a king or queen) has absolute power; monarch has unrestricted political power over the sovereign state and it’s people; usually born into power 2. Age of Reason-18th century movement that followed after the mysticism, religion, and superstition of the Middle Ages 3. Agrarian-cultivated land; person who advocates a redistribution of landed property, especially as part of a social movement 4. Akbar The Great (Mughal India)-Mughal emperor from 1556-death; extended power over most of India Continent; united Muslim and Hindu peoples with his policy of religious cooperation 5. Atheists-person who lacks the belief in the existence in God’s or a God 6. Batavia, Indonesia-Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city of Jakarta. 7. Calvin, John-1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism - believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings. 8. Cash Crop-readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (vegetables, cotton, tobacco) 9. Circumnavigation- travel all the way around the Earth 10. Colonization-physical process whereby the colonizer takes over another place, putting its own government in charge and either moving its own people into the place or bringing in indentured outsiders to gain control of the people...
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...democratic system other states began to use it. 17. Re discovery of roman and Greek text led to renaissance Renaissance began in Florence Italy and people starts questioning ways of ;life so when roman and Greek people cam to the city they started talking to people from Florence and all the Greeks shared books, education style and other things which would cause the renaissance. 18. Printing press started reformation Guttenburg’s invention of the printing press was the start of the reformation because it was easier to print books and bibles so when people started to read the bible more they realized the church was lying which started the reformation. 19. Scientific revolution starts the enlightenment A whole bunch of new theories were being crated and eventually led to the the enlightenment thinkers like Hobbes and Locke 20. Conflict between popes led to schism Poplio the IX and patriac Micheal the I the ex communicated eachother and split Christianity into two different branches. 21. Economic troubles led to fall of roman empire Military failure and high tax prices were the main reason the roman empire collapsed and could not sustain the gladiator matches also a bunch of tribes surrounding rome cause rome to spend a lot of money on war and caused inflation. 22. The printing press led to everyone being able to have their copy of the bible but the printing press made it possible for everyone being able to have a copy because before the printing press they were only...
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...F961A3: Henry VIII to Mary I, 1509-1558 A: What were Henry VIII's aims as king from 1509-1529? Henry VIII's personality and role in government ▪ Henry VIII was a confident and energetic monarch. He had a much stronger claim to the throne than his father and there were no threats to his throne from pretenders. ▪ Henry VIII wanted to achieve glory for himself, his Court and for England. He would attempt to achieve this mainly through his foreign policy. ▪ Henry VIII was not, unlike his father, interested in the day to day administration of English government. ▪ He played a very important role at Court and he had the final say in all matters, but the running of the government and administration, he left to Wolsey - his chief minister from 1514-1529. ▪ Henry VIII was always the centre of attention but he hated writing and debating. Instead he preferred the thrill of hunting and sportsmanship and the excitement of diplomacy. ▪ Although Henry and Wolsey had their disagreements in the period up to 1527, none was serious enough to cause serious problems. ▪ Wolsey was brilliant at managing Henry's overdeveloped ego and Henry may have seen Wolsey as a surrogate father. ▪ After 1527, Henry VIII's energies were focused on the gravest crisis of his reign, the attempt by Henry to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. This problem would lead eventually to Wolsey's fall from power. Henry VIII and foreign policy Introduction ▪ Henry...
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...Council of Trent took place because over the previous years the reformation of the Catholic Church occurred. 3 men influenced this reformation, these men are called Martin Luther, Henry VIII and John Calvin. In a day in July of the year 1505. A traveller was walking along the road suddenly there was a crashing storm a bolt of lightning forced the man to the ground. Struggling to rise, he cried in fright. “St. Anne help me! I will become a monk”. The man who promised to come to be a monk was later to reject monasticism. As when vowed, he entered an Augustinian monastery. This young man was called Martin Luther. Martin Luther was ordained a priest at the age of 24 (1507.) In the same year he also began the study of theology at the University of Erfurt. Martin shifted to the Augustinian monastery at Wittenberg in the autumn of 1508, he continued his studies at the university there. Martin soon became a lecturer at the same university in the subjects of Theology and Scripture. Between the years of 1510–1511, Luther took a break from his education to serve as a spokesperson in Rome for the German Augustinian monasteries. In the following year (1512) , Luther received his doctorate and became a professor of biblical studies. Martin Luther had two key protests these were: The corruption present in the Catholic Church and Catholic Teaching. The corruptions present in the church were Indulgences - The remission of a tax or debt. In Roman law and in the Vulgate of the Old Testament (Isaiah...
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...begin by providing some general history on Germany and then move to some specific demographics. I will then describe the current economic system of Germany and the level of economic freedom. I will conclude by explaining both the opportunities and threats that exist due to the current socioeconomic factors in Germany, and how these factors may affect operating a business. Last, I will elaborate on the beer consumption in Germany and how this information might affect the operating expansions of Schmidt Brewing if they chose to do business in Germany. Germany is a country located in Central Europe and is bordered by both the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. In the 16th century Germany was known as the center for Protestant Reformation. “The Protestant Reformation was a movement in Europe that began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church.”(33). Germany became known as a nation state in 1871. “Traditionally, a nation state is a specific form of state, which exists to provide a sovereign territory for a particular nation, and which derives its legitimacy from that function.”(33). Following World War II, Germany divided into two separate states but then reunified again in 1990. Today, Germany is a member of the European Union.(EU). “The European Union is a political and economic community of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Europe.”(33). The population of Germany is appoximately 82,400,996 and Germany has a population growth rate of -0.33%. Germany has the second...
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...‘Disputes over the succession to the English throne were the most common cause of rebellion in the period from 1485 to 1603.’ How far do you agree with this view? During the Tudor period (1485-1603), disputes over the succession were a recurring cause of rebellions in England, particularly at the start of the Tudor period but was also prevalent throughout. Succession showed to be a major issue and cause of rebellions, highlighted not only by Henry VII’ reign, but also by Northumberland and Wyatt’s rebellions, as well as the Essex rebellion. However we must also note that in fact other major causes played a large role in the occurrence of rebellions throughout the whole of the Tudor period, such as taxation, economic grievances, and religious and social issues. Evaluation is therefore needed of each cause of rebellion in order to establish which was the ‘most common cause of rebellion’ during the Tudor period. Firstly, it should be noted that 3 out of the 5 rebellions that Henry VII faced during his reign were caused by disputes over succession; Henry VII claimed the throne in 1485 after the Battle of Bosworth, which made his position as king extremely tenuous and weak and consequently open to being challenged. The Yorkists were unhappy with the new Lancastrian hold over the throne, and so from the start of his reign he faced major rebellions in attempt to reinstate the throne to the Yorkists. Within his first year as king, he faced both Lovell’s (1486) and Simnel’s (1486-7)...
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...AP EUROPEAN HISTORY NOTES- Filled with silliness and inside jokes, enjoy at your leisure :) If something is in [] brackets, it is only written in there for our pleasure, ignore it if you are looking for actual information. Key: • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing...
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...flexibility and foresight of fiscal policy.” (Wang, 2011) The policy and target Review back to 2010, China government insists in implementing positive fiscal policy, especially in stimulating the economic growth, transferring the way of economic growth and applying flexible in fiscal policy. As the figure 1 shows, in 2010, China positive fiscal policy facilitate in mainly four aspects: advancing the local fiscal reformation, strengthen the medium-sized and small enterprises and rural construction, promoting the economic development and supporting the social undertaking. Figure 1: Year 2010 China important fiscal policy content Coming out date | Fiscal policy | 4.30 | Treasury department sets fiscal policy: central budget provides specialized fund for helping to expand the minor firms ‘guarantee operations, which can improve the financing environment of minor firms. | 5.13 | Treasury department and SAT (State Administration of Taxation) make an announcement; government will solve the problem that farmers are hard to get loan, by diminishing the sales tax and income tax. | 5.31 | Government will start the trial allowance work in 5 cities for buying new energy cars in personal. This policy is aimed to advance the process of energy saving and emission reduction. | 6.8 | Treasury department will accelerate the contract energy management, facilitating the development of energy saving service industry. Central budget will arrange 2 billion for supporting energy saving service...
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...also played major roles in triggering withdrawal of capital and deposits in Indian banks by investors and NRIs. First, the steep rise in oil price during the Gulf crisis in 1990 put pressure on the exchange rate, thus causing expectation of rupees devaluation. Second, the collapse of the Soviet Union fueled the call for reconsideration of India’s economic strategy that was largely inspired by the Soviet Republic. As one of the result of this lack of confidence, the foreign exchange reserves had gone down to the level of less than the cost of 2-1/2 months worth of imports. These serious macroeconomic and balance of payments crisis prompted the creation of 1991 economic reforms with the following agendas: fiscal consolidation and limited tax reforms, removal of controls on industrial investment and on imports, reduction in import tariffs, creation of...
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...Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement - India & Mauritius: Does revising treaty loosen up the existing relations? The island Mauritius located in the south west part of the Indian Ocean lies about 3,900kms south west of India. Despite the long distance separation between the countries, Mauritius still possesses the seeds of Indian origin sown back in 1820’s during the time of colonial rule. According to the statistical data, 68% of the Mauritians are Indian origins called as ‘Indo – Mauritians’. The another interesting fact which still more strengthens the Indian origin prevalence in the country is by noticing the chronological tenure of presidents and prime ministers of Mauritius which reveals that all presidents except Karl Offmann and all prime ministers except Paul Berenger are from the community Indo – Mauritians. Indian influence is felt still in Mauritius. The diplomatic relations began between the two countries post-independence. India is maintaining very good relations with Mauritius from the then 1948 to the present in terms of political, commercial and cultural relations. Frequent visits of the presidents, prime ministers and government bureaucrats of their respective countries to the foreign countries indicates their interest in strengthening the existing relations and development of the countries with mutual support. The very recent Limit of Credit extended to Mauritius in civilian infrastructure development is 500million USD by India. Today, India is developed...
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...The First School of Thought About the middle of the 18th century, a group of French thinkers called physiocrats evolved a system of economic thought which came to be known as Physiocracy. By physiocracy we mean the rule of nature. The physiocrats were the vehement critics of mercantilists. They were the believers in 'Natural Order' and were against the materialistic, rigid, restrictive and controlled merchant capitalism of the mercantilists. The physiocrats preferred to be called 'the economists'. They believed in some natural power which is responsible for human happiness and prosperity. In a sense, physiocracy was a political and social system. The system of economic thought of the physiocrats formed one of the important roots of modern economics. Though they were different types of people, like physicians, philosophers, men of letters and statesmen with different views, they had great unanimity of ideas. In the history of economic thought, physiocrats occupy an important place as they formed the first School of Thought. Unlike the mercantilists, the physiocrats were in close touch with each other, acknowledged a common leader, established organs of propaganda and presented a common doctrine Francis Quesnay, a physician and court doctor in France was the leader of this School of Thought. The physiocrats advocated returned to agriculture as the chief occupation. The restoration of natural justice and liberty was there aim. Hence Adam Smith considered physiocracy as a School...
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...February 2015 The national welfare system was created in 1935 to provide federal aid to the elderly, disabled and qualifying single mothers during the Great Depression (Costly, 2015). Public housing assistance, the Food Stamp Program and Medicare are examples of state programs available to assist families in need. Welfare, undoubtedly, is an essential source of assistance for many under privileged families. In recent years, some states have enacted drug testing for welfare recipients. This action has raised the question if it’s unfair search and seizure, other words, unconstitutional (Fourth Amendment to The United States Constitution, n.d.), or does it really discourage suspected drug abuse Many Americans agree there needs to be a reformation to the Welfare act and how the assistance should be utilized by its recipients. Opponents argue that the children will bear the brunt of the drug testing policy and it will cost more than it saves (Drug-Testing & The TANF Program, n.d.). The children depend on the adults to receive the benefits on their behalf, but when those benefits are being traded for drugs and/or cash to purchase drugs, there is no benefit. Discontinuing benefits to individuals who test positive for illegal substances would allow those funds to be returned to the state and federal budgets. In return, those unused funds will aid in balancing the state’s budget and redirect those funds to other deserving parents. In the public’s eye, welfare recipients should...
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...Portugal is located in Southern Europe and also includes the Azores and Maderia located in the Atlantic Ocean. The capital of Portugal is Lisbon which accounts for the highest population density; most people live in Portugal’s coastal regions rather than inland generally. Portugal gained its independence in the 12th century making it one of the oldest nations in Europe. People from many different origins: Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans (who left us our language), northern Europeans and peoples from Mauritania. Portuguese is the third most spoken European language in the world and native tongue of about 200 million people. Many people in Portugal can also communicate in English, French and Spanish; seeing as Spain shares a boarder with them. Portugal is known for it’s…… Portugal was once one of the poorest countries in Western Europe but due to the end of dictatorship and the introduction of Democracy in 1974 as well as its incorporation into the European Union (EU) in 1986 it has significantly increased prosperity. An instrumental part of the force currently propelling Portugal has been an accounting profession that has developed considerably in status and performance, particularly in recent decades. History of Portugal’s Accounting System Portugal created a Board of Trade in 1755 along with a School of Commerce in 1759 because foreigners were dominating the marketplace and the Portuguese did not have the skills they needed to excel in the marketplace. These...
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...Vishnu Venkateswaran Writing 140: Section #64330 Rory Lukins November 15th, 2013 Assignment #4 The Tea Party’s Illegitimate Reactions to Perceived Failures of Society Signs that read “revolt against socialism”, arguments racing across the floors of Congress, and meddling in the electoral process to protest against the Democratic agenda are just a small number of the Tea Party’s activities. The Tea Party is a movement spurred on by CNBC’s Rick Santelli whose angry rant rouse the fervor of many a conservative. (Skocpol & Williamson, 1) In particular, he argued against the economic stimulus package introduced by the Obama administration in 2009. Shortly after, the official commencement of the Tea Party movement began with a rally of the fiscal conservative. It started out as a grassroots movement and later evolved into a widespread local and national organization. With generous funding from conservative billionaires and large political organization committees, the Tea Party grew exponentially from state to state. Tea Partiers called for a cut in taxes and public spending as well as deregulation of business operations to lower the national deficit. These individuals started their protest by conventional rallies with signs denouncing Obama’s policies. This later escalated, however, into endorsing candidates into the GOP and reforming the Republican Party. The Tea Party’s activities have contributed towards the recent government shutdown causing scorn amongst many in American...
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...States and has been met with much praise, as well as much contempt. While I deem myself a neutral party in presidential election and political action, I find myself at a crossroads still when dealing with the healthcare plan. It’s devised to aid Americans in the ever growing need for insurable care and sustained peace of mind that they may or may not be able to visit a physician, and not go bankrupt because of it. The following will educate readers of the new healthcare law enacted recently and provide both pros and cons for Americans, physicians, and insurers alike. The Affordable Healthcare Act was passed by congress and signed into law in March of 2010. The law plans to provide better health security by implementing health insurance reformation. This means insurance companies will be held more accountable in dealing with physician visits, healthcare costs will be lowered, and quality of healthcare will be obtainable by a larger spectrum of Americans (www.whitehouse.gov/healthreform). The main goal of the law is to provide insurance for every American. Those with employer supplied health insurance would keep their existing benefits. Further, any company with 50 or more employees must provide health coverage or pay a fine of $2,000 per employee per annum. Each state will create health insurance exchanges to provide health coverage for the self-employed and those without access to employer programs. Everyone is required to purchase health insurance or pay a...
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