...Chapter three in our textbook discussed the changes in Russia while under the reign of Nicholas II. Nicholas II was only twenty-six years old when he became Tsar. He was named tsar suddenly, after the death of his father, Alexander III. It is said that Nicholas II did not have the clarity of purpose like his father and was not well prepared for the role. However, he supported economic modernization and felt that it was necessary so that Russia can maintain it’s power. Russia’s government seeked modernization by investing into railroads, mining and manufacturing. In order to keep on with the plan of modernization, Russia needed money for investments, which resulted in increases of taxes, payments, and foreign loans. Nicholas II assigned several...
Words: 424 - Pages: 2
...To what extent did the policies of Sergei Witte address the problems facing Russia at the end of the nineteenth century? Russia faced many problems at the end of the nineteenth century. Under Minister of Finance Ivan Vyshnegradskii there had been famine because of high taxes on consumer goods which had forced peasants to sell more and more grain. The government were slow to act and, although they eventually enforced a ban on grain exports, 350,000 died of starvation or disease. Economically and industrially Russia was also falling far behind many other Western countries at the time, like Britain and Germany. When Count Witte became Minister of Finance in 1893, there was desperate need to decrease inflation, improve infrastructure and encourage foreign investment. This essay will discuss how successful he was at introducing policies that addressed these problems. A great success for Witte was the expansion of heavy industry in Russia. He linked industrial growth with a stronger nation politically and economically, and was inspired by the more developed nations in the west. He invited foreign experts from more industrialised countries like Britain, France and Germany to Russia to advise him on modernisation. He realised that he would have to have policies that would allow individual business people to start factories and encourage metalwork. His policies were successful, because industrial growth increased on average by 8% a year between 1890 and 1899, which was the highest...
Words: 1721 - Pages: 7
...policies were successful in modernising the Russian economy in the period of 1892-1904? At the end of the nineteenth century, Russia had been plunged into depression, because the government was forced to print more and more money which caused a rise in inflation. In addition, because Russia was at war with Turkey, over thirty per cent of the government’s expenditure was being spent on the armed forces, whilst another thirty per cent was being lost on debt interest, which left little money for education or social welfare. Ivan Vyshnegradskii, the finance minister from 1887- 1892 began attempting to rescue the government finances. He reduced imports and imposed tariffs on imported goods, which forced peasants to sell more and more grain which they could not produce, this lead to a famine which overwhelmed large parts of the country in 1891. Russia was also lagging behind many of the Western countries at the time in terms of industrial development too. When count Sergei Witte was appointed finance minister in 1892, there was a desperate need to decrease inflation, improve infrastructure and encourage foreign investment. However, it is debatable how successful the policies introduced by Witte were in modernising the Russian economy. Witte’s aim was to make the Russian economy strong enough to maintain Russia’s position as a Great Power. However, Russia did not possess several of the essential factors required to be able to rapidly industrialise like countries such as Germany and...
Words: 1582 - Pages: 7
...three people can handle the hardships of Eurotopia and restore the country back to peace and prosperity is former rulers of Russia, Catherine the great, Peter 1 “Peter the Great” and former ruler of Austria, Maria Theresa (Habsburg), but only one of them from their qualities and accomplishments is the best for the job. Peter the great was also Czah from Russia, and he had also made many accomplishments and greatness during his reign....
Words: 784 - Pages: 4
...reform between 1881 and 1905 weren’t sufficient in order to make Russia’s economy strong enough to fully maintain Russia’s ‘Great Power’ status as Russia still lagged behind the other Great Powers come 1905. (92) The main quandary facing the Russian economy was its lack of industrial capacity and both Alexander III and Nicholas II endeavoured to invigorate Russia’s industrial competence through a policy of State Capitalism. Witte played a main role in attempting to overcome this vast hindrance. One of Witte’s main policies was to acquire capital to invest in the industry of which he executed through foreign loans and heavy taxes; through this Witte succeeded in creating the centrepiece of his system – the Trans-Siberian railway. This in turn would provide the communication system essential to exploit the economic potential of Russia by allowing the export of raw materials. Witte also had economic success with raw materials. Coal and oil increased by 150% and iron by 200%. With the accomplishment of the railway and the increase in raw materials, Russia was able to break through the poor internal communications that acted as a barrier to the growth of trade and, at face value, an influx in raw materials presented Russia with a real chance of maintaining its Great Power status. (176) However, although Witte’s policies proved Russia with an immense economical spurt, the economic improvement relative to other Great Powers was less...
Words: 765 - Pages: 4
...that more people are buying New Looks clothes. As New look have had a rise in profit they have decided to open up nearly 600 stores all over the UK. Russia has also had a raise in their economy which means that they have also had a higher demand for high street clothing. Because of this New Look have decided to grow their company and maximise profits over there. In 2013 they opened up around 20 stores, this is good as they have only just started to open up stores in Russia. At the moment taxes have been lowered to try and help the economy because of the recession – when the recession is over taxes will go back up. This means that New Look will be able to trade and hopefully they will be able to make more money, however they might find that the new stores that they have opened will start to cost them a lot of money. When taxes go back up it should not be much of a problem because they will already be doing well. UK government have been thinking about leaving the EU, if they were to do that than they would not to follow EU rules. This might be both a good and a bad thing – it will be good because they will only have to follow the rules that the UK has set. It may also be bad, if something bad happens it may be an unfair ruling against them, they will not be able to take the case to the European court. Legal factors Russia are now changing their legal system to try and improve how their government. They are also trying to make...
Words: 1093 - Pages: 5
...Alcohol regulations. Europe, USA, Russia Introduction. Within my work I am going to review part of the countries’ legislation related to the existing alcohol regulations and existing polices, conventions and its development plans. Analysis will be based on the samples of different countries: Russia, EU (different countries) and United States. There are different areas of the existing alcohol regulations: risky environments, tax and prices, market restrictions and marketing control. All of them are more or less affecting business activities in different aspects. Applicability of this report: There are a lot of different types of businesses strongly dependent on alcohol sales or alcohol production worldwide. Moreover there are a lot of international corporations which has core business linked to operations with alcohol. To be able to operate their business on the different markets they have to consider different alcohol regulation in different countries in their business models before making market enter decision and follow existing rules and respective policies updates in daily operations. The examples of this business could be: 1. Producers or importers of alcohol beverages or cosmetic. Examples of corporations - Heineken, Diageo. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 2. Distributors of alcohol beverages or cosmetic within the country. Strong dependency of core business on alcohol regulation 3. Café, bars and restaurants...
Words: 4207 - Pages: 17
...“Baker Hughes Fiscal 2011” Patrice Johnson Professor Harper ACC 100 May 15, 2012 Baker Hughes Incorporated supplies oilfield services, products, and technology services and systems to the oil and natural gas industry worldwide. The company offers drilling and evaluation products and services, including drill bits for performance drilling, hole enlargement, and coring; conventional and rotary steerable systems; measurement-while-drilling and logging-while-drilling systems to perform reservoir navigation services; drilling optimization services; tools for coil tubing drilling and wellbore re-entry systems; coring drilling systems; surface logging systems; emulsion and water-based drilling fluids systems; and reservoir drill-in fluids, as well as fluids environmental services. Its drilling and evaluation products and services also comprise wire line services, such as tools for open hole and cased hole well logging to gather data to perform petro physical and geophysical analysis; reservoir evaluation coring; casing perforation; fluid characterization; production logging; well integrity testing; pipe recovery; and seismic and micro seismic services. In addition, the company provides completion and production products and services consisting of completion systems; wellbore intervention products and services to improve the performance of existing wellbores; intelligent production system products and services to monitor and control the production from individual wells or fields;...
Words: 4215 - Pages: 17
...Seat fails to enter the Russian Market Group Project – International Business Strategy Danil Antonov, Denis Gorbachev, Sabine Etzlstorfer, Vadim Rotar, Eliza Furman Contents Introduction 3 SEAT History 4 2000 – 2009 6 Problem 10 Theory-1 13 Methodology 16 Data & Analysis 17 PEST-analysis 17 Porter’s competitive forces 20 SWOT-analysis 23 Recommendations 28 Results 30 References 31 Introduction SEAT, S.A., is a Spanish car manufacturer and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the German Volkswagen Group. The headquarters of the company is located in Martorell near Barcelona, Spain. SEAT presents a range of cars delivering the combination of superior engineering and young design. It makes sustainability principles its priority: reduction of CO2 emission, energy efficiency, and recycling. By 2006, the firm has already produced 16 million cars in total. 75 per cent of the manufactured cars are exported to all over the world. SEAT launches it products in almost 40 countries across Europe, 11 countries in Asia and 16 countries in North and South America. It even sells cars in Africa. However, for some reasons, SEAT struggled a lot to enter the Russian market. But why did they struggle? How can they be successful in so many countries and on the other hand have problems to enter the Russian market? In this paper we are trying to identify the mistakes and explain what has happened. First, we give some background information about the company SEAT and describe the...
Words: 8444 - Pages: 34
...BRIC: Currency Depreciation in Russia and Brazil ◎D0131160 Irina Chen ◎D0131187 Gloria Chang ◎D0173297 Sunny Chiu ◎D0173270 Doris Chen ◎D0173670 Athena Du Contents Abstract ..................................................................................... 2 Brazil ......................................................................................... 3 Why Brazil become the BRIC ................................................... 3 What was behind Brazil’s Depreciation? ................................. 8 Russia ...................................................................................... 13 Why Russia become the BRIC?.............................................. 13 What was behind the Ruble depreciation? ........................... 19 Comparison and Similarities between Russia and Brazil ....... 24 In the Future ........................................................................... 25 The Future of Brazil ............................................................... 25 The future of Russia .............................................................. 25 Conclusion ............................................................................... 26 Contributor ............................................................................. 27 Reference ................................................................................ 27 1 Abstract The BRIC is the acronym of four nations, including Brazil, Russia, India and China. The conception...
Words: 5973 - Pages: 24
...citizens and the effect it had on the world capital markets. We will also discuss the role IMF and other countries played in helping with the crisis. What the Russian government did in order to stabiles the situation and what role politics played in the process. We will use a number of sources in order to complete this report. Question One: What event is recognised as the beginning of the crisis? The Russian crisis begun on August 17th 1998 when the central bank of Russia announced that it would widen the intervention bands from ruble. It meant that the ruble was allowed to fluctuate against dollar. As a result, the exchange rate of the ruble fell steadily which led to a collapse in Russia economy. However, the crisis was not caused by a single event. It was a consequence of a continuing downward trend in Russia economy since its economic reform in 1991. The crisis’s seeds were sown from that day. The main causes of this crisis could be divided into 3 timelines: * Period 1991 – 1996: In 1991, Russia changed from a very strictly centralized economy to a market economy. Up until then, the Soviet played the most important role in subside all the state sectors. It consumed one-third of GDP and supported at least every third man, woman, and child (Roman, G & Robin, M – 1999). When the real prices were introduced, these state sectors became bankrupt almost overnight. Millions and millions of workers lost jobs. Some sectors were still subsided until the removal of price...
Words: 4201 - Pages: 17
...Placido Garcia Week #2 Exercise 15.2: External Financial Reports and Globalization. a. The Headquarters of General Electric Company is in Fairfield, CT United States and operates in more than 170 countries around the world. b. The proportion of total sales represented by foreign sales is about $80 billion of revenue outside the Unites States. The changes of sale over the past five-years have shown increases 3 out 5 years. The other 2 years were slightly below the company’s goal due to the price of oil dropping and exports issue. c. They signed an agreement to sell their consumer finance business in Hungary (Budapest Bank) to Hungary’s government. On June 2, 2014, we acquired Cameron’s Reciprocating Compression division for $0.6 billion. The division provides reciprocating compression equipment and aftermarket services for oil and gas production, gas processing, gas distribution and independent power industries d. There are three categories GE uses hedging practices. FAIR VALUE HEDGES GE use interest rate and currency exchange derivatives to hedge the fair value effects of interest rate and currency exchange rate changes on local and non-functional currency denominated fixed-rate debt. For relationships designated as fair value hedges, changes in fair value of the derivatives are recorded in earnings within interest and other financial charges, along with offsetting adjustments to the carrying amount of the hedged debt. CASH FLOW HEDGES GE use interest rate, currency...
Words: 869 - Pages: 4
... Prepared by: Zhunisov Arnur Manamement 117 Preparation of resettlement of Russian and Ukrainian peasants in Kazakhstan. Completion of the conquest of Kazakhstan coincided with bourgeois reforms in Russia in the mid XIX century. The abolition of serfdom did not solve the agrarian problem. Peasant unrest continued. In these circumstances, the Government has taken steps to divert farmers from the revolutionary movement. One of them - to activate the resettlement policy. Relocation of the peasantry on the eastern edge not only allowed the land hunger in the central provinces of Russia, but also to create in their face support the Government's new place. Therefore, the tsarist government in the mid 60-ies of XIX century. transferred from the military Cossack colonization to mass. On the ground, prepared measures to colonization of the Kazakh steppe and repopulating it with Russian peasants. At the initiative of the military governor of Semirechensk Kolpakovsky in 1868 were developed "Provisional Regulations for the peasant resettlement in the Seven Rivers" acting before 1883. According to "Provisional Regulations" persons determined by a number of benefits: allotment of land of 30 acres per head (male), exemption from taxes and duties of any kind for 15 years, granting a loan of up to 100 rubles. In 1883, in connection with the transition Semirechensk area in the Steppe General Government Local Authority has developed the "Rules on the land of...
Words: 811 - Pages: 4
...Pares, in an attempt to support the argument, says ‘it was not so much what Peter did that gave shock to the Russian consciousness but in which he did it and the pace it was done’ He expresses the idea that if change to modernise Russia was introduced at a slower rate people would be less likely to oppose. There is evidence that gives credit to Pares argument is that Peter tried to introduce a wooden plough with iron edging, but the peasants wanted to carry on the slash and burn method that they had been using for generations. Pares enhances his own interpretation because he writes ‘by racing against the wind as Klyuchevsky puts it, Peter increased the velocity of the wind against him.’ This enhances his argument because it proves that the faster he moved with the change the more opposition he would face. (Evidence) In passage B, Lisk contradicts Pares because she believes that it does not matter how fast the change came the country would always oppose it. She writes ‘Peter ordered that no serf could leave his masters estate without written permission’ the peasants would always oppose this because they would not like being treated as the property of their master.(evidence) Lisk supports her earlier statement that ‘the situation of the peasants in Russia grew worse and the gulf between the classes even wider’ the noblemen would not oppose this because they would become even more powerful and wealthy whereas the peasants would oppose this no matter the speed because they would be...
Words: 878 - Pages: 4
...outcomes of the French Revolution of 1787-1800, the Russian Revolution of 1917-1921, and the Chinese Revolution of 1911-1949 and a detailed analysis of the three revolutions and historical references that will help understand the uprisings in a more credible manner and how although these revolutions took place at different times but their underlying goal was in many ways similar and to this day we see revolutionary leaders using the above mentioned revolutions as references to motivate the crowds and urge them to follow in their footsteps to challenge dictatorial regimes or the status-quo. The Three Revolutions: Masses against the existing powers. If the revolutions are studied and analyzed then it becomes evident how France, China and Russia exhibited...
Words: 3485 - Pages: 14