...There are numerous ways in studying methods of the brain. It ranges from electrical and chemical stimulation, recordings of the electrical activity from the brain, scanning and imaging techniques, and so on. The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation take place within different places in the brain that selectively affect specific psychological processes as well as psychologically active medications; anesthetics and recreational drugs). These selectively affect different mental processes because they act on the brain in different brain systems. Small amounts of psychologically active chemicals can be injected into small parts of the brain. These experimental ways have helped identify the location and function of brain systems that carry out the effects of these chemicals. Through electrical stimulation, we can only stimulate the desired part of the brain. The advances in technology have made it possible to study the internal work of the brain without having to cut into an individual’s skull. The brain scanning is the mechanical and electrical measurements of the specific activates of the brain. One example I am familiar with of a scanning technique is the MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging. It uses a magnetic field in which the individual’s head is put in place. The radio waves aimed in the brain cause certain atoms within the brain to emit signals which the computer picks up. These studying techniques can distinguish between closely related brain structures. There are...
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...There are numerous ways in studying methods of the brain. It ranges from electrical and chemical stimulation, recordings of the electrical activity from the brain, scanning and imaging techniques, and so on. The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation take place within different places in the brain that selectively affect specific psychological processes as well as psychologically active medications; anesthetics and recreational drugs). These selectively affect different mental processes because they act on the brain in different brain systems. Small amounts of psychologically active chemicals can be injected into small parts of the brain. These experimental ways have helped identify the location and function of brain systems that carry out the effects of these chemicals. Through electrical stimulation, we can only stimulate the desired part of the brain. The advances in technology have made it possible to study the internal work of the brain without having to cut into an individual’s skull. The brain scanning is the mechanical and electrical measurements of the specific activates of the brain. One example I am familiar with of a scanning technique is the MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging. It uses a magnetic field in which the individual’s head is put in place. The radio waves aimed in the brain cause certain atoms within the brain to emit signals which the computer picks up. These studying techniques can distinguish between closely related brain structures. There are...
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...Techniques to Improve Studying Students learn differently and therefore study differently. Proper studying and preparing can enhance classroom performance and mean the difference between success and failure in a class. With an emphasis on grades in school, there are study techniques that can maximize effectiveness and efficiency. The first example is time management. Study plans are as unique as the person making them. The most effective study plan will take into account your schedule, the times each day when you are able to study without interruption, and the amount of material that needs reviewed. Set up a schedule with clearly marked study times for each day. Assign study times so that the most crucial information is covered first and the most time is allowed. Allow less time for least important information. By spreading out the study times and breaking up the information, it becomes easier to absorb and retain necessary material. Ronald C. Blue with the Teaching Effectiveness Program at the University of Oregon suggests "22 hours for an A (6 hours per weeks), 16 hours for a B (4 hours per week), 14 hours for a C (3.5 hours per week), 10 hours for a D (2.3 hours per week), and 0 hours or an F (0 hours per week)" (Blue). Once you set up study times and assign material to them, it is time to study. Another example to help improve study techniques is to consider the perfect study place. This location should be a spot that is the least populated with the...
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...Lungsod ng Maynila In Partial Fulfilment Of the requirement for English 102 by Crisostomo, Jestine A. Tamayo, Joshua Untalan, Kane Errol TABLE OF CONTENTS Biographical Data Acknowledgment Table of Contents Abstract I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Statement of the Problem 1.2 Importance of the Study 1.3 Scope and Limitation of the Study 1.4 Definition of Terms II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE III. METHODOLOGY A. Research design B. Research locale, sample and sampling technique C. Instrument D. Statistical analysis IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Chapter I INTRODUCTION Study habits are the ways that you study - the habits that you have formed during your school years. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading your textbook, listening in class, and working every day. Bad study habits include skipping class, not doing your work, watching TV or playing video games instead of studying, and losing your work. It means you are not distracted by anything. Basically it means that you are doing the best you can to get the grades you want. Study Habit of every student is one of the most important factors that affect his or her understanding regarding a certain subject. It means, if a student possesses poor study habits, she has a greater chance of getting failing grades, if compare to a students who has a good study habit. But “habit” as it was defined from the Introduction to Psychology...
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...style match the new teacher’s approach? Or the school’s philosophy? Maybe the child isn’t “a good fit” for the school. Such theories have developed in part because of sketchy education research that doesn’t offer clear guidance. Student traits and teaching styles surely interact; so do personalities and at-home rules. The trouble is, no one can predict how. Yet there are effective approaches to learning, at least for those who are motivated. In recent years, cognitive scientists have shown that a few simple techniques can reliably improve what matters most: how much a student learns from studying. The findings can help anyone, from a fourth grader doing long division to a retiree taking on a new language. But they directly contradict much of the common wisdom about good study habits, and they have not caught on. For instance, instead of sticking to one study location, simply alternating the room where a person studies improves retention. So does studying distinct but related skills or concepts in one sitting, rather than focusing intensely on a single thing. “We have known these principles for some time, and it’s intriguing that schools don’t pick them up, or that people don’t learn them by trial and error,” said Robert A. Bjork, a psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles....
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...enables you to also explore career paths one may wish to take. Again, one does not have to match a certain learning style to a career path because it is important to have a range of diverse learning styles when entering a workplace. One must learn to adapt to different styles since it benefits not only your education, but improves your skills with other people. As a result of reading this article, I intend to improve and accept changes in my modes of learning. I will take this opportunity to look deeper into all four categories and create new options in my ways of learning. The Master Student This article defines what mastery is and how one can achieve mastery through different skills and techniques. The definition of mastery means achieving a level of skill that goes beyond technique. Mastery is seen everywhere. While playing soccer, mastery can mean shooting an incredible goal in overtime. For a mathematician, mastery is formulating an equation which is used in today’s field of mathematics. The result of mastery brings out a sense of satisfaction, accomplishment, and well-being. It is something that cannot be taught, only learned and experienced. We must remember that all students are their own masters and learn through their own...
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...organs to study the brain. X-Rays were used to see the imaging of the organ, however, it was useless to use for visualizing the brian. Contrast X-Ray techniques involves injecting into one compartment of the body a substance that absorbs X-Rays either less than or more than the surrounding tissue. (Pinel, JJ 2011). A contrast X-ray technique is called cerebral angiography; it is to visualize the circulatory system. This X-Ray is useful for localizing vascular damage, but the displacement of blood vessels from their normal position also can indicate the location of a tumor. The standard X-ray that is used is the X-ray computed tomography (CT). The CT is used to visualize the image of the brain. An MRI is also used to visually see the brain. The MRI has more resolution and is a three dimensional image. It is able to see things a lot clearer than the CT. The PET is one of the first imaging techniques that was used to see the image of the brain activity. For example if a person was concentrating on a specific item for a few seconds, in a few seconds the portion of the brain that was active will then enlarge in the imaging. Functional MRI is shows the increase in the oxygen flow in the blood. The fMRI has several advantages over PET such as PET has to have an injection and fMRI does not. The fMRI shows both functional and structural of the brain on the same screen or image. The spatial resolution is better on the fMRI then PET and 3D is used over the whole brain. The fMRI is slow...
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...psychoanalytic school. . Behavioral perspective- : A Psychologist who analyses obvious or scientific behavior. John Watson was the founder of the behaviorist school. Humanistic perspective- expressed discretion and a position of self-realization because every people try to build up self actualisation. Cognitive perspective- is how we accumulate and store data through views and perceptions. Neuroscientific/biopsychological perspective- examines behavior through genetic processes of the brain and other parts of the nervous system. Evolutionary perspective- Tensions natural selection, adjustment, and development of behavior and psychological processes. Sociocultural perspective- social interactions and social determinants of behavior and mental processes. Behaviorist perspective–William James broadened studied Psychology to animal behaviors, biological processes, and behavior. He wrote Principles of Psychology in 1890 and it became the leading text book for students studying psychology. Part II: Research Methods Describe research methods used in...
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...Sam Alexys V. Orbe Nexus Franz R. Baluran Students Study Skills Introduction: Why Study? Face it. In order to learn the harder stuff in school, you have to study. If you never do then your grades probably reflect it. If you're going to survive the next three years in high school, you're going to need to know how study efficiently and consistently. Studying is the one of the building blocks of learning. Is there a right way to study? This is a tricky question. There are many ways to study and some styles and techniques are effective only for certain learning modalities. But there are some basic rules that apply to everyone. Not knowing how to study can become a major problem for you once your faced with a class that actually challenges you. The simple fact is that everyone can improve how they take down information, review information, and recall information. How people improve upon these things is a matter of preference. It’s About Learning to Study Smarter, Not Harder. Struggling to become a successful college student? Some people erroneously believe that studying a lot is the answer. While increasing the amount of time you dedicated to your studies may be important, the key to becoming a successful college student is learning to study smart. In college, time quickly becomes a rare commodity, course work is lengthy, competition is intense, and the level of expectation is quite a bit higher than it was when you were in high school. Sometimes you’re going to feel...
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...* School & Student Resources * More * About.com * About Education * Psychology * Cognitive Psychology 11 Great Ways to Improve Your Memory Research-Proven Techniques That Really Work By Kendra Cherry Psychology Expert Share this Psychology Categories * Psychology Dictionary: Terms from A to Z * Branches of Psychology * Psychology 101: The Basics * Careers in Psychology * Psychology Quizzes * Behavioral Psychology * Personality Psychology Free Email Newsletter ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Let About.com send you the latest from our Psychology Expert. You can opt-out at any time. Please refer to our privacy policy for contact information. Bottom of Form Do you find yourself forgetting where you left your keys or blanking out information on important tests? Fortunately, there are plenty of things that you can do to help improve your memory. Before your next big exam, be sure to check out some of these tried and tested techniques for improving memory. These research-proven strategies can effectively improve memory, enhance recall, and increase retention of information. Er Creatives Services Ltd/Iconica/Getty Images 1. Focus your attention on the materials you are studying. Attention is one of the major components of memory. In order for information to move from short-term memory into long-term memory, you need to actively attend to this information. Try...
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...Chapter One: Introduction and Research Methods * Origins of Psychology: 1. PHILOSOPHY; concepts- 2. PHYSIOLOGY; brain and behavior- 3. WILHELM WUNDT; followed psych as a science- 4. EDWARD TICHENER; structuralism, take bare parts down and study each part-5. WILLIAM JAMES AND STUDENTS; functionalism, didn’t care why someone did something he wanted to know the reason for it—one student G. Stanley Hall was the first PHD in US- 6. SIGMUND FREUD; had theories and ideas of psych analysis- 7. JOHN WATSON; behavioralism...treating people for their illnesses instead of just researching about it- 8. CARL ROGERS; client therapy, unconditional positive regard and concern, connecting with your patients * Contemporary Psych: * Biological perspective- biological reason for why things happen and why you do the things you do. * Psychodynamic perspective- directed towards unconscious motivations. How do you see yourself * Behavioral perspective- human behavior * Humanistic perspective- Carl Rogers, look at everything positive * Cognitive perspective- memories of all kinds * Cross-cultural perspectives- studying the different ways of different cultures. Different rules for different cultures. * Evolutionary perspective- how are behaviors adaptable and functional. Changes as time goes on. * Positive psych- maximizing the patients’ strengths. * The Scientific Method: The Scientific Method • The steps of the scientific method – Formulate a...
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...To what extent does biological psychology contribute to our understanding of human emotion? This essay will briefly consider some definitions and early theories of emotion. It will evaluate evidence from studies which suggests that biological psychology makes a major contribution to our understanding of human emotion. It will, however, acknowledge that there are limitations to the biological aspect of emotion, and that interaction with other areas of psychology including evolutionary, developmental, cognitive and social must also be considered. Finally, it will include ways in which this knowledge can be applied. Watson (1924, cited in Plutchik 1994, p 3) suggests ‘An emotion is a hereditary pattern-reaction involving profound changes of the bodily mechanisms….’ McLean (1963, cited in Plutchik 1994, p3) suggests ‘Emotional feelings guide our behaviour with respect to the two basic life principles of self-preservation and the preservation of the species.’ Arguably, these definitions allude to evolutionary nature and innateness of emotion, but the former refers also to physiological changes. Plutchik (1994) highlights some confusion over what qualifies as an emotion, and suggests that emotions are goal orientated: - emotion fear – goal escape. Lewis, Sullivan, Stanger and Weiss (1989, cited in Slater & Muir, 1999) distinguish between the primary emotions of joy, fear, anger, sadness, disgust and surprise, found in babies, and the secondary emotions of embarrassment...
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...According to Kolb’s (1984) many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well. Many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles group common ways that people learn. Everyone has a mix of learning styles. Some people may find that they have a dominant style of learning, with far less use of the other styles. Others may find that they use different styles in different circumstances. There is no right mix. Nor are your styles fixed. You can develop ability in less dominant styles, as well as further develop styles that you already use well. Using multiple learning styles and multiple intelligences for learning is a relatively new approach. This approach is one that educators have only recently started to recognize. Traditional schooling used (and continues to use) mainly linguistic and logical teaching methods. It also uses a limited range of learning and teaching techniques. Many schools still rely on classroom and book-based teaching, much repetition, and pressured exams...
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...ACCESS / ADULT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION STUDY SKILLS: MANAGING YOUR LEARNING A Guide for Students in Higher Education This guide was developed as part of the University’s Access and Adult Education Programme with support from the Targeted Initiatives Fund of the Higher Education Authority under the National Development Plan 2000 - 2006. HEA Higher Education Authority An tÚdarás um Ard-Oideachas Author: Rita O’ Donoghue, MPhil, M.A. (Ed) Editor: Anne Keane M.A. Cartoons: Richard Chapman Publisher: Access Office, NUI Galway ©2005-2006 National University of Ireland, Galway Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i CHAPTER 1 Motivation, Goal Setting and Time Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Goal Setting for Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 The Goal Reward Achievement System (GRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Using Your Time Well: Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Look to Your Future: The Year Planner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Look to Today: Timetable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 CHAPTER...
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...information is ready to be used it is then retrieved and brought to a conscious level. Next, “the retrieval process relies greatly on the encoding process and the cues or techniques used to get the material through the encoding process” (Introduction to psychology, 2011). Spacing out the repetition of information can help with the retrieval and storing of information. When a student considers cramming for a test, often times the material is not retained properly and forgotten by the time he is ready to use the information. Interference theory states that old or current information remains until new information comes into play. There are two types of interference theories retroactive and proactive interference. Retroactive interference is when new information interferes with the ability to retain older information and proactive interference is when the old information prohibits new information to retention (Introduction to psychology, 2011). Cramming for an assignment is never the best way to retain information. It is always best to take your time in studying the material at hand over a period of time. Making flash cards or taking notes on the subject can help with retention and brain games are also a sure way to strengthen you memory skills and other brain functions. Along with memory interference are various types...
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