...The adolescent brain and the adult brain have many similarities and differences. A difference that Richard Knox explains in his article between the teen brain and the adult brain is the white matter coating your nerves. “That’s because the nerve cells that connect teenagers’ frontal lobes with the rest of their brains are sluggish. Teenagers don’t have as much of the fatty coating called myelin, or “white matter,” that adults have in this area. Think of it as insulation on an electrical wire. Nerves need myelin for nerve signals to flow freely. Spotty or thin myelin leads to inefficient communication between one part of the brain and another.” In other words, the reason teens' frontal part of the brain is slow is because they don’t have the...
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...Study Guide Essentials of Psychology By Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. About the Author Robert G. Turner Jr., Ph.D. has more than 20 years of teaching and education-related experience. He has taught seventh-grade science, worked as a curriculum developer for the Upward Bound Program, and taught sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and honors seminars at the university level. As a professional writer, he has written nonfiction books, journal and magazine articles, novels, and stage plays. Contents Contents INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS LESSON ASSIGNMENTS LESSON 1: PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE OF THE MIND LESSON 2: THE MIND AT WORK LESSON 3: MOTIVATION, EMOTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PERSONALITY RESEARCH PROJECT LESSON 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS LESSON 5: PSYCHOLOGY FOR TWO OR MORE CASE STUDIES SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 1 7 9 43 75 117 127 147 167 171 iii YOUR COURSE Instructions Instructions Welcome to your course, Essentials of Psychology. You’re entering a course of study designed to help you better understand yourself and others. For that reason, you can think of this course as practical. It should be of use to you in living your life and reaching the goals you set for yourself. You’ll use two main resources for your course work: this study guide and your textbook, Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. OBJECTIVES When you complete this course, you’ll be able to ■ Describe the science and methodologies of psychology in the context of its...
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...ADOLESCENCE AND THE AGONY OF DECISION MAKING Adolescence and The Agony of Decision Making A Research on Adolescence and The Agony of Decision Making Mylene C. Malbas Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences Visayas State University Kristine Gil T. Belarmino Instructor ADOLESCENCE AND THE AGONY OF DECISION MAKING Abstract To date, analyses of differences between adolescents and adults have emphasized age differences in cognitive factors presumed to affect decision making. In contrast, this article examines research and theory on three psychosocial aspects of maturity of judgment: responsibility, temperance, and perspective. For several psychosocial dimensions of maturity that are likely to affect judgment, the existing evidence, while indirect and imperfect, indicates that the greatest differences are found in comparisons between early adolescents versus middle and late adolescents. Developmental research on maturity that focuses specifically on mid- and late adolescence, that simultaneously examines both cognitive and non-cognitive factors, and that investigates the relation between these factors and the ability to make good decisions is greatly needed. ADOLESCENCE AND THE AGONY OF DECISION MAKING Adolescence and The Agony of Decision Making A Review of the Literature The treatment of adolescence under the modern legal system often hinges on considerations of young people’s psychological maturity, and on...
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...electrical signals generated in adjacent axons. End Bulbs or Terminal Bulbs: Look like tiny bubbles that are located at the extreme ends of the axon's branches. Each one is like a miniature container that stores chemicals called neurotransmitters, which are used to communicate with neighboring cells. Synapse: An infinitely small space (20-30 billionths of a meter) that exists between an end bulb & its adjacent body organ (heart), muscles (head), or cell body. 2. The central nervous system: Made up of neurons located in the brain & spinal cord. 3. Differences between neurons and nerves affect recovery, One reason neurons have only a limited capacity to be repaired or rewired after damage is that there is a genetic program that turns off regrowth when neurons become fully grown by causing problem with motor coordination, strength and sensation. Recent advances in stem cell research suggest the human brain may be able to grow more neurons. If this were possible, the brain could repair damage caused by an accident or disease, such as Alzheimer’s 4. A Phantom Limb is the sensation that an amputated or missing limb (even an organ, like the appendix) is still attached to the body and is moving appropriately with other body parts 5. Parkinson’s...
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...the flight or fight response, which causes an increased in your heart beat and its different responses instead of what an actual emotional trigger would cause. This particular theory isn’t something that everyone believes in because of certain research on patients. With this particular emotion it has the result of someone’s individual perception to their reaction and also bodily changes. The Cannon-Bard theory takes the James-Lange theory and it builds more into it and continues it, it is also altered. The Cannon-Bard theory says that the experience and the expression of someone’s emotions are two totally different things. Although it’s two different things is also thought of having equal responses that are caused by the feelings of the brain from the emotions and also the autonomic and somatic nervous system's expression. It’s also said that one does not initiate or in no way directly cause the other. This theory unfortunately is not proven due to different analysis as well due to some reports that also show the autonomic and somatic nervous system. Emotional expression is thought to be controlled by...
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...University of Phoenix Material Structure and Functions of the Brain Word Search Highlight your answers in the word search below. X B L A L M D D W F L S C T P S N I O A E U G O A F P U W I R U S V A J W G O M T Z V F K D R A I T E P U E O V V H C Y R T G P B M H H Y E H M R H C P V O C G O Y C J C O R P U S C A L L O S U M I D C V T E T S U G V E N C Y P T M F A P A Y F K G R U U L H O N O R E Z H S O I L R Y V Z G E Q M I N W P M D Y H V T T A O U W X D X B T A P N P C Y G E R P A P S F K V D C A R D L O I F D B I J D L K N H E X S I E U A R A H T O F Y V T L L E C G Y C M M R A L B H L F Y H G V O N S N U O S Q A L E A C L T I I S V M B C O K S H Y Q L T C B A O J O I C Z E E W T S W E B O L L A T E I R A P V N R H F A B A O B Q M Z N Z I L J T N Y E C J T M H G E P A X O G E U L L N E B H E W D O U M O T O R C O R T E X U R X L T L H S W A I T F N I T V P J S U M A L A H T J B Z G R M T B F C G S M C F X A S D B Clues: 1. The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. ________________ 2. The portion of the brain involved in intricate cognitive functioning. ___________________ 3. A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. ________________ 4. A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5. An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing...
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...Genetics, Brain Structure, and Behavior: Future Directions While there are many disorders or illnesses that involve genetics, brain structure and behavior the most fascinating is Parkinson’s disease. In this paper the following information will be approached, what defines the illness of Parkinson’s disease, how Parkinson’s disease can change the structure of the brain and an individual’s behavior, what the current problems with diagnosing Parkinson’s disease are, what the current issues are with the preventive therapies related to Parkinson’s, what are the future therapies that may be used to diagnose and treat Parkinson’s. The last thing that will be discussed is any questions that are left to be answered about Parkinson’s that is to say what the scientific and medical field do not know about Parkinson’s. According to "Pubmed Health" (2013), “Parkinson's disease is a disorder of the brain that leads to shaking (tremors) and difficulty with walking, movement, and coordination.” Also according to “Pubmed Health” (2013), “nerve cells use a brain chemical called dopamine to help control muscle movement. Parkinson's disease occurs when the nerve cells in the brain that make dopamine are slowly destroyed. Without dopamine, the nerve cells in that part of the brain cannot properly send messages. This leads to the loss of muscle function. The damage gets worse with time. Exactly why these brain cells waste away is unknown.” There are several symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and...
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...Within the skull lies the most complex organ known to mankind -- the human brain. With a mass of only 6 kilograms, the brain contains over 100 billion living cells and 1 million kilometers of interconnecting fibers; but, exactly how does it function? Marketing and sales managers would love to know why consumers are attracted to certain advertising, packaging and brands. Martin Lindstrom, author of Buyology: Truth and Lies About Why We Buy, explains the marketing challenge, “When we walk down an aisle in a grocery store, our purchasing decisions are made in less than four seconds…there is no way we can think about that in a complete way. Those decisions take place in the subconscious part of the brain” (2008). The drive behind neuromarketing is to discover how consumers are actually responding to marketing messages, not how they report they are responding, or will respond. Neuromarketing studies consumers' response to marketing stimuli and matches that response to different areas of the brain. This research will explore neuromarketing history, levels of the brain, neuroimaging techniques used, advertising effectiveness of neuromarketing and some challenges facing this new field. History In 1991, Dr. David Lewis-Hodgson, Minilab chairman and director of research, began Neuromarketing research in the United States, after stumbling upon it when he was researching treatments for phobic anxiety and stress (Lewis, 2010). Shortly after, marketers from large companies such as Coca-Cola...
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...claims because all diseases are manifest because of imbalances in the body caused by improper nutrients that are required for the body processes. I can verify these claims using my own experiences with proper nutrition. I can be so busy some days that I wont eat until late in the evening. I become restless, irritated and angry. When I finally realize the cause of my mood change its because I haven’t had a meal or not enough to eat for my body to function at its best. 3. If I could make a part of my body twice as big as it is now I would choose the limbic system. I think that I could learn more and retain much more memory. I could also cut my tasks in half by quickly coming up with solutions and roadblocks to life’s problems. A part of the brain that I would choose to decrease would be the amygdala. I would be less fearful about certain situations and less discriminatory and analyzing about certain...
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...Health Trimester Project Tej Patnaik, period: 3 1st semeter: Wow! I can't believe it! Everything seems so blurry... probably because my eyes have just began to form. Looks like I am starting to get a face too! I feel squished! I am stuck in this sac! Woah! What are all those noises I hear? My ears are starting to grow in! I am still very small, I am only about 1/4 of an inch! So many changes are happening to me! I am starting to grow hands and feet! Wow! 2nd semester: Wow! I can see! Smaller finger looking things are starting to grow on my hands and feet! This is so cool! Hey! I can move now! not very much, but wow! This has been a great month! I can remember things too now because my brain is starting to form. Wow! all my bones forming! Woah! It's dark in here! What are these thin string looking things growing on top of my new head? Well, whatever it is, it looks pretty cool! Wow, I better keep moving, I weigh 8 ounces! 3rd semester: Wow! Looks like everything is starting to come together in here! From what I can hear, it sounds like I will be coming out soon! Maybe if I kick and punch I will come out faster! Well... that didn't work, but I can't wait to come out. It has been so much fun in here! Look how strong I've gotten! Wow! I need to lose some weight if I want to fit all the clothes that I keep on hearing you talk about. I'm 8 pounds! Looks like I am ready to come out! With all this excercise i'm doing in here, I think I need a bigger place to...
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...teenagers end up abusing alcohol. Some have lost their lives due to alcohol abuse. Each year, more than 5,000 young people below 21 years of age in the U.S. die due to alcohol abuse and alcohol related cases. This is a great loss to the society. The government is compelled to set aside funds for rehabilitation centers. The U.S. law does not allow anyone below the age of 21 to drink alcohol. Dangers of Underage Drinking Underage drinking is the chief cause of death among teenagers. Many deaths among young people are due to excess drinking. Excess drinking leads to accidents, homicides, suicides, drowning and other injuries. Too much drinking can harm the brain growth. The brain continues to enlarge and mature from birth through teenage, up to the early adulthood. The prefrontal cortex, the brain responsible for planning and decision making, can be damaged by early engagement in alcohol. The teen’s reasoning capacity will be affected, resulting to poor performance in class. However, it is not well known how drinking alcohol will influence the long-term memory of people who started abusing alcohol...
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...1.How do you think a small margin for error affects communication on a project? In the project for Ball Corporation there is absolutely no room for errors and everyone involved in the project knows it. There is no room for errors everyone is really detailed when sharing information and in delegating assignments. The employees force themselves to pay close attention to every detail because every little detail counts. 2.In what ways do you act differently in a face-to-face meeting than you do during a telephone conference call? When you are in a telephone conference call you don’t have to dress professionally, make eye contact, or even behave appropriately. In a face-to-face meeting you have to dress appropriately, make eye contact, pay close attention, take notes, and act appropriately. 3.Why is written communication essential in some situations (such as conveying specifications), while oral communication is essential in others (such as technology interchange transfers)? Written communication is essential conveying specification because it makes it easier for the receiver to follow the specific steps if any because everything is written down, while oral communication is essential in others. When transferring technology you are also transferring knowledge and skills, which are better captured, by example or hands on training. 4.What listening hurdles do you find yourself facing as you listen to others? How do you handle it when you believe someone you’re speaking...
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...was about the potential hazards that Cellphone snuggling may have. Although most people may not read the fine print on cellphones before or after purchase, there are some risks associated with cellphone snuggling. Research is showing that the radiation from snuggling could have a small connection with brain cancer. This could potentially be an epidemic because, as we know the United states has approximately 292 million wireless numbers in use, approaching one for every adult and child, according to the C.T.I.A. The C.T.I.A or The Wireless Association is the cellphone industry’s primary trade group. Although there has not been a general increase in brain cancer since cellphones arrived, studies show that there is an increase in brain cancer for people between the ages of 20 to 29 and a drop for the older generation. Some researchers have proven that radiation with the same frequency of cellphone does indeed cause brain damage in the DNA of rats. This research causes a big concern for Americans whose children are becoming cellphone dominate. The article states, radiation is proven to penetrate only two inches into the brain of adults and will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner. So, it is up to us to find alternative ways to protect ourselves and our children. In conclusion, we recommend keeping a cellphone out of close proximity to the head or body, by using wired headsets or the phone’s speakers. We should encourage children and...
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...Sensory Perceptions Strayer University PHI 210 January 20, 2013 The reasons to believe in the accuracy of sensory information all goes back to our senses and what we’ve experienced beforehand. But our senses are not always accurate. Throughout our life our senses have enriched our brain, and currently our senses link with our brain as we think. Powerful though they are, our senses do not always deliver accurate data to our brain (Kirby and Goodpaster, 2007). Although that’s said I do believe in the accuracy in senses, like touch. Our senses tells us when we have a bug crawling up our leg, when we are about to trip and fall or when you come in contact with something hot, your sense of feeling would send an instant message to your brain that what you are feeling is extremely hot and that you should pull away, the result would be of you removing your hand quickly based on the sensory message sent to your brain of danger and to move it so that you would not get burned. Another example would be our sense of smell which can give us a signal of many things good and bad. If you smell gas in your home, the first thing that comes to mind is a very dangerous situation. So with this you can definitely trust your sensory information. Sensory memory is an amazing ability. It is considered the shortest term element of our memory. Sensory memory enables us to retain memory of sensory information after the initial stimuli has ended. We have five senses which are: sight, hearing...
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...Click Here To Listen/Download This Page As An MP3 Podcast Psychology In A Beautiful Mind – Competition & Conflict The primary problem for Nash was his inability to distinguish between reality and his delusions. Even normal people fail to distinguish the concrete emotional changes in their viewpoints during the course of an average day. You may be fuming with resentment one moment and joyful, the next. These hidden shifts in moods and attitudes have a clear cause. They happen, because the control of your mind shifts between myriad competing and conflicting intelligences. These intelligences were assembled over millions of years to become the present triune human brain. At the lowest level, a reptilian brain controls primitive functions like breathing, hunger and heartbeat. At the next level, a mammalian brain controls the system through love and despair, compassion and shame. At the highest level exists...
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