...form of violence and terrorism, aptly called cyber terrorism, is no more a thing of the past and is very much possible in our technological and computer savvy world of today. The economic growths achieved by many countries due to such technological advancement in fields of computers such as networking. Networking has provided the world with the Internet that has bridged the distances of the world and made it into a global village. People can now use the Internet to share information with each other. Internet can also be used as a communication tool and people sitting in places half way across the globe can communicate with each other with a click of a button. At the same time, the Internet can also be a dangerous place. People share information through their computers and this means that their computers are online in a cyber world. This means that the person’s computer is open to threats and risks from anyone who knows how to get inside the computer. People can use the Internet to steal someone else’s credit card numbers, and a lot of other personal information. In this paper, we shall examine how people can use the Internet to spread a new form of terrorism, cyber-terrorism. A person sitting at home using his personal computer can longer feel safe, even in the security of his/her own home, as information security has become one of the prime concerns of everybody, including the government. It is believed that a threat of cyber-terrorism is a very real threat and the government...
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...form of violence and terrorism, aptly called cyber terrorism, is no more a thing of the past and is very much possible in our technological and computer savvy world of today. The economic growths achieved by many countries due to such technological advancement in fields of computers such as networking. Networking has provided the world with the Internet that has bridged the distances of the world and made it into a global village. People can now use the Internet to share information with each other. Internet can also be used as a communication tool and people sitting in places half way across the globe can communicate with each other with a click of a button. At the same time, the Internet can also be a dangerous place. People share information through their computers and this means that their computers are online in a cyber world. This means that the person’s computer is open to threats and risks from anyone who knows how to get inside the computer. People can use the Internet to steal someone else’s credit card numbers, and a lot of other personal information. In this paper, we shall examine how people can use the Internet to spread a new form of terrorism, cyber-terrorism. A person sitting at home using his personal computer can longer feel safe, even in the security of his/her own home, as information security has become one of the prime concerns of everybody, including the government. It is believed that a threat of cyber-terrorism is a very real threat and the government...
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...Cyber Terrorism: The American Response Mutale Chisanga School of Computer Science 03-60-305 Professor Kristina Verner March 6, 2016 Cyber terrorism: The American Response United States (U.S.) critical infrastructure faces a growing cyber terrorism threats due to advancements in the availability and sophistication of malicious software tools and the fact that new technologies raise new security issues that cannot always be addressed prior to adoption. The increasing automation of U.S. critical infrastructures provides more cyber access points for adversaries to exploit. Industrial control systems, which operate the physical processes of the U.S. pipelines, railroads, and other critical infrastructures, are at elevated risk of cyber exploitation. The growth of malicious techniques that could degrade, disrupt, or destroy critical infrastructure is a huge concern for the U.S. government. It is also likely the cyber threats will surpass the terrorism threat to U.S. in the years to come (MLI, 2012). Even though only advanced threat actors are currently capable of employing these high level malicious techniques, these capabilities will eventually be within reach of all threat actors. Discussion The potential economic consequences of cyber terrorism attacks are severe. The severity of cyber terrorism are not felt equally across the board. A small company may not be able to survive even one significant cyber-attack. On the other hand, large companies may take a long time...
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...Running head: National Security National Security Teresa Turner Strayer University Garner Campus ECO320503016*201005 Professor Carol Scott December 3, 2010 Abstract The National Security Council is a forum for President’s to consider national security and foreign policy matters with their senior national security advisors and cabinet officials. The council started under President Truman, and the Council’s function is to advise and assist the President on national security and foreign policies. The Council is also the President’s principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. National Security is based on four basic strategies to preserve security. The defense and deterrence rank first and second, followed by détente diplomacy and disarmament. These four strategies are used whether in combination or alone. Technology has always influenced their strategy. When technology changes, what the country does to protect themselves changes too. This will entail what the U.S. goals are and what we stand for. Third, I will look at how the United States strengthens alliances to defeat global terrorism and work to prevent attacks against our friends and us. Fourth, I will explain how we work with others to defuse regional conflicts. National Security The struggles of the twentieth century between liberty and totalitarianism ended with victory for the forces of freedom—and a single sustainable model for national success:...
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...Australia and Terrorism Terrorism is not a new term and can be defined as “the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims” (Dictionary, 2014). The emergence of terrorism was significant in history, and in more recent times, has become a threat to Australian Borders. The effectiveness of the law in preventing and reducing levels of terrorism is highlighted through the use of case studies and evaluation. The Hilton bombings The relationship between Australia and Terrorism is specifically highlighted in the Sydney Hilton Bombings on the 13th February 1978. This was the first experience of Terrorism in Australia and created the need for better security and the implementation of effective protection...
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...Computers have modernized terrorism in the same way cyber terrorism revolutionized information warfare. There is no distinct definition of Cyber terrorism; however, its threat is as real as waging war but with weapons of automation. Terrorists have begun to exploit the availability of information with the malicious intent to sabotage; conversely, there are those who are not quite sure if information warfare - cyber terrorism is an actual threat. This research paper will briefly explore the history of cyber terrorism, the friend the internet has been to terrorist and how we can make the internet safer through vigilant tactics of prevention and deterrence. It will also expose the truth about cyber terrorism for the skeptic, reasons not to discount the threat, and why it is paramount their mind is changed. Information Warfare-Cyber Terrorism Did you know there were 18 cybercrime victims every second, 1058 every minute, approximately 64,000 per hour, and 1.5 million per day, that affected over 556 million people within the last year (Norton , 2012)? The internet has made it possible for terrorists to gather our public information and use it against us. As the internet matures so does the terrorist, finding ways to cripple and intimidate. The internet and terrorists have become a real hazard to the health of the cyber world. The government has implemented several organizations to help combat cyber terrorism but have not given it a clear concise definition. Skeptics...
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...Spyalot, Director of National Security Agency JUSTICE ALITO delivered the opinion of the court Shortly after September 11, 2001, at the request of the National Security Agency, several of the major phone companies were asked to provide phone records for all calls made within the United States, and all calls made to the United States from other countries. The data the NSA received, provided information on the phone number the call was made to and from, the call’s duration, the date of the call, and the time of day. No Financial data, nor content of the calls, were ever obtained by NSA. This action proceeded without a warrant for any of the information provided. In addition, there was no individual suspicion since this was considered “meta-data” or “bulk data collection” of phone records. The vast majority of the data was analyzed by computer programs and never looked at by NSA personnel. Before we delve into an analysis of the court’s decision in this case, it is prudent we first address an important point. Prior to the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, few American’s contemplated a threat to homeland security. Today, the fear of terrorism is ingrained in our daily thoughts. Following the events of 9/11, American’s sense of safety nearly vanished, and the direction, and scope of national security were forever changed. The National Security Administration (NSA), a key governmental counterterrorism agency, is responsible for ensuring national security. With this in mind,...
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...Focusing on the recent terrorist attacks in Paris, France, and also looking back on 9/11, one can see that terrorism is a very current issue. After 9/11, the Patriot Act was put in to place trying to help secure the protection of Americans. In years following the start of the Patriot Act, people began claiming it as an invasion of privacy and individual rights. With the news of the Paris terrorist attack, which ISIS has claimed as their own, people and governments around the world are nervous about what the future holds. The focus on the precautions and laws that will continue to invade our privacy as terrorism continues around the world will be better understood by looking at past terrorist attacks. Comparing the recent acts of terrorism and...
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...The United States of America had been attacked by terrorists. They killed more than 3,000 U.S. citizens. The United States was unprepared on how to deal with such an attack. The attack on New York's World Trade Center has been name the worst terror attack in U.S. history. After these terror attacks the Homeland Security Act of 2002 was developed. "The primary mission of the Homeland Security Act is to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States; reduce the vulnerability of the United States to terrorism; and minimize the damage, and assist in the recovery, from terrorist attacks that do occur within the United States."1 Inside the Homeland Security Act it states the secretary of Homeland Security now has the authority and the power to direct and control investigations of terrorism and how to prevent terrorism. In 2002 the Homeland Security Act was created along with the US Department of Homeland Security. Many organizations made up this US Department of Homeland Security such as the US Coast Guard, the US Secret Service, and the Transportation Security Administration. The Department was given billions of dollars and approximately 180,000 new federal employees. The US Department of Homeland Security has a very similar mission as the Homeland Security Act. "The mission is to ensure the safety and security of the United States from terrorist attacks and other disasters."2 The main purpose is to help prevent terrorism; the US Department of Homeland Security created...
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...HOW WILL A SEVERE TERRORIST ALERT EFFECT TOURISM IN SOUTH CAROLINA Brianne Buckner Dr. BRIAN MCCUE PAD 590 JUNE 21, 2010 STRAYER UNIVERSITY CHARLESTON, SC CAMPUS This Directed Research Project (DRP), was conducted and orally presented By ………………………………………………………………………………. Brianne Buckner, Student We hereby certify that this DRP submitted by Brianne Buckner conforms to acceptable standards, and as such is fully adequate in scope and quality. It is therefore approved as the fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Hospitality and Tourism Management, MBA Approved:_________________________________________ Supervising Faculty__________________________________ Peer Review/Technical Advisor________________________ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page APROVAL PAGE………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………ii TABLE OF CONTENTS...................................................................................................iii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES………………………………………………….….iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY………………………………….….6 Context of the Problem……………………………………………………………6 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………………….7 Main Research Question and Sub-questions………………………………………7 Significance of the Study…………………...…………………………….……….8 Research Design and Methodology………...
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...Instructor: Tony Gaskew Jacqueline Hunter IP# 4 The definition of domestic terrorism in the United States has changed over the years. It is believed that the act of domestic terrorism occurred long before any legal definition came into play. The FBI Terrorist Research defined domestic terrorism as “the unlawful use of force or violence committed by a group of two or more individuals, also against a person or property to intimidate or coerce a government. Under current Law in the United States the act of terrorism are those which involve human lives that are a violation of the criminal law of the United States or of any State, this was set forth by the USA Patriot Act. Terrorism has abruptly has moved to the center of the public and has become a household subject matter and also many levels of politics, law and criminal justice. The September 11, attack change the way law enforcement respond to the threat and reality of terrorism. The World Trade Center attack had a ripple affect that could be felt across the world and this led to major reorganization of counter- terrorism policing. The United States the most striking change in policing has been a sudden expansion of police powers, justified by the tragedy and devastation of the attack. This expansion brought about a new refocusing of resource and the restructure of the federal, state, and local police agencies. There was more focus put on terrorism, for instant the FBI assigned 4,000 of it 27,000 agents to counter-terrorist...
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...Come Second To Terrorism There are many carefully calculated decisions that dictate whether or not a state will gain or lose power. Diplomacy, policy, economic capabilities, and nationalism are some of the many tools we use to measure when states gain or lose power. One major element seen when talking about the possibility of China and Russia being peer competitors towards the United States in the international realm is in fact competition or rivalry. When nations see competition, they start acting and responding differently internationally and nationally in an attempt to combat this competition. Additionally, the choices a state makes when looking at state competition can lead to issues that can easily threaten the organization of power within the international realm. Russia is a prime example of a state that is attempting to challenge the United States’ quest for power. The actions Russia (or the U.S.) takes or does not take will be the direct result to something more serious such as embargos, alliances, a plethora of international policies and/or full scale war. Russia’s bold international moves to support the annexation of Crimea and blatant violation of arms treaty against the U.S. are signs of Russia challenging not only the United States’ power but the global balance of power as it is understood in today’s modern world. Blatantly lashing out and cheating treaties aren’t the only ways a nation can come to be a potential threat to the United States’ security. China is a prime...
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...Weaknesses in Terrorist Organizations Ways to help prevent terrorism Cherie Sterling 6/8/2012 Abstract This paper will let you in on what is going on in the intelligence community today and what they are doing to stop the war on terror with all the different agencies and what theories they are using to help fight this battle/war. The role of the intelligence community/agency plays a huge part in the exploitation of weakness among terrorist organizations. In this paper we will see how there are many different theories on how the intelligence community can help stop terrorism or at least calm it down. Also to see how the different intelligence agency work together to help stop the war on terror. We all know that terrorism will probably never completely end, but if we are willing to understand and take charge of the problem at hand maybe, we come to some sort of resolution amongst all the countries. Intelligence agency has been working behind the scenes for many years without any public knowledge on fighting the war on terror. Intelligence agency is behind the scenes type of people they are not out on the battlefield fighting the war so to speak. The intelligence agency is a very tight knit community that works very close with one another they talk with each other and learn from one another. There are many different agencies involved from the United States and other foreign countries trying to stop the exploitation...
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...Terrorism Terrorism has been around for as long as people can remember, but for the past ten years there's been a dramatic rise in activity. Terrorists use murder, kidnapping, hijacking, and bombings to pursue a political agenda.(Encarta, Par 1) These criminals are not just subject to the United States, terrorism happens all over the world, in every way, shape and form. There are many types of terrorism and terrorists with many different purposes. (Mockaitis par, 1) The primary reason for terrorist actions is to force a change in their nation's government. If terrorists are not satisfied with there government's political positions, they may end up taking the matters into there own hands. Another reason for terrorist acts is because of hate towards a race, nationality, or religion. In recent years, terrorism seems to be at a new high and attacks are more violent than in the past. Many groups operate within a single nation or region. (Wilcox, page.1) Others have branches and operations in many countries. Because terrorists generally cannot match the strength of conventional military forces, they often rely on guerrilla warfare. (Mockaitis, Par 3). New groups are sprouting all over the place and terrorism being so secretive and having no forewarning, governments from all over the world have form alliances to combat terrorism and terror cells in hope of thwarting any further threats. While terrorist threats are numerous in today's world, the methods used by the United States to...
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...Is United States justified to adopt a first-strike policy against independent nations in war on terrorism? The attack on United States on September 2001 brought the truth and reality of terrorism to the land of America in a way that most people had not imagined. Over three thousand people lost their lives. With that several innocent lives lost, America and other friendly nations joined to condemn terrorism. United States accused Taliban government of Afghanistan of harboring perpetrators. The accusation led the United States to begin military operations in Afghanistan. Many nations accepted the military operations as a justifiable response. The Taliban became an easy target because they were sympathizers of terrorist. After a short successful military operations in Afghanistan, United States turned attention to Iraq. They began to build a case against the regime government of Saddam Hussein. The United States suggested that Iraq had also been supporting terrorist and developing nuclear weapons. It was after those inflammatory suggestions about Iraq that a different debate surrounding military operations in that country started to emerge. In September, 2002, American government published a document titled The National Security Strategy. The President, George Bush, pointed the enemy of twenty century as a shadowy network of individuals who were out to harm the society with inexpensive weapon made powerful by technology. The president assured the citizens that United States...
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