...Chapter 8: Aerial photograph interpretation Introduction Almost all modern topographic maps and many other types such as those depicting geology, natural vegetation, and landuse, are based on information obtained from aerial photography. In this chapter we will consider how aerial photograph surveys are flown and then we will examine the photogrammetric properties of single aerial photographs and of stereopairs. We will conclude our discussion by considering how aerial photographs are used in the interpretation of cultural features. In Canada most aerial photography is obtained by air-survey companies under contract to various Federal or Provincial government agencies. All of Canada has been photographed from the air, some of it many times over at different scales and in different seasons and years going back to the late 1920's. Federal aerial photographs (and maps) are available from the Canada Map Office and the National Air Photo Library (both at 615 Booth St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E9) while the appropriate Provincial agency in British Columbia is Maps B.C. (Ministry of Environment, Parliament Buildings, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1X5). Aerial photographs often are used in the same manner as maps and it might be useful if we note at the start the advantages and limitations of each medium. An aerial photograph has the following advantages over a line map: 1. It is a pictorial representation of the ground that shows far greater detail than a line map. This distinction...
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...1. Introduction We are proposing a localized UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) that will be able to lock, track and monitor a mobile target, which in our case will be a person. The UAV will be a quad-copter with a mounted camera, onboard processing capacity and will be able to receive its movement directions from a remote PC. As for localization, the UAV will keep track of its current location using GPS regarding its base station, from which it will take off and land. It will also send its video feed constantly to that remote PC, through which a target will be marked and the quad-coper will get in pursuit of that target autonomously. 2. Problem Statement Tracking a mobile target can be done by a number of ways. Ground as well as aerial robots can be used for this purpose but each kind has its limitations. Constraints that limit the probability of tracking a mobile target efficiently from a ground robot include uneven surface, navigation difficulty and sudden obstacle appearance, a person or a vehicle, coming in robot’s line of sight thus blocking its view of the target. Therefore, aerial tracking seems a better solution as it involves less complex navigation and provides a better field of view. Currently,...
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...Photogrammetry is the science and art of extracting 3D information from any type of 2D satellite, aerial or terrestrial images. It is a measurement technology of obtaining reliable information about an object. There is no any physical contact between the measuring device and object to be measured. Therefore, it is also called a non-contact measurement technique and considered as a remote sensing technique. The term photogrammetry is old as term photography. It is derived from three different Greek words; photo means photographs, gram mean drawn and metry mean measurement. The purpose of photogrammetric measurement is to reconstruct three dimensional of an object either in digital (coordinates and derive geometric elements) or in graphical form...
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...Project Aerial, at a competitive price or at a higher price. Their main competitor, Posthaste, has been slowly taking shares from the company with their satellite imagery GPS system that has been on the market for almost two years. As the threat of this competition continues to pressure the company, TerraCog seems to be straying away from its core competency of producing higher quality products compared to its competitors. Internal issues also arise as personal goals within departments interfere with other department goals, hindering the success of their main objective. Emma Richardson, the Executive Vice President, now must make a final decision on how to price the Aerial. With Harold Whistler, the VP of Design and Development, near retirement, Allen Roth, a current director within the same department, aims to take on the role of vice president. Project Aerial has been taking away time from Roth to complete more exciting projects that he could use to promote himself as a strong candidate for the soon to be available VP position. This is an example of Value Theory of Job Satisfaction: a theory suggesting that job satisfaction depends primarily on the match between the outcomes individuals’ value in their jobs and their perceptions about the availability of such outcomes. Without the opportunity to complete the projects he prefers, and his high level of valence towards the vice president position, Roth is dissatisfied with the current Project Aerial. During the Aerial pre-launch...
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...Explicitly, this essay examines the following central research questions: what major differences and similarities can be identified between two different views on the subject? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the vision? Finally, the main findings of the paper will be provided. This paper is supposed to demonstrate that, even though, not the representatives of the same branch, nor the same service, Douhet’s and Guderian’s views on different aspects were, with minor exceptions, generally quite...
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...helped in taking the combat scenes from an everyday science fiction fight to a whole new level. With raising the bar in combat fight scenes the Combat Amp Suit accessories displayed in the movie emphasize the detail spent by James Cameron in creating the perfect combat vehicle for his movie. The combat suit is fitted with cannons, flamethrower, slashing blade and various firing projectiles. The Grinder Vehicle is an ATV on steroids. The Grinder Vehicle is instrumental in helping the human travelers gain access through the dangerous and dense forest to the indigenous population. The Grinder is fitted with cannons and missiles that help to blow up the screen action. The Scorpion Gunship provides aerial assault with its missiles and cannons all while providing me with an aerial view of the stunning landscape of Pandora. The movie, Avatar, introduced new ideas of life forms such as the Palulukan. The Palulukan resembles a giant panther like beast with six...
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...This data is collected from a vantage point using measurement devices designed with remote sensing in mind. One of the original examples of remote sensing still in use today is the use of cameras mounted on aircraft to produce aerial photography. The objects on these photographs are then identified (identification is discussed on page Error: Reference source not found) after close examination and are then digitised according to their features and significance. The data itself can contain any feature or characteristic about the observed phenomenon, for example, the features of a particular object in a group, or the characteristics of the group as a whole. The devices used for remote sensing (referred to as sensors) can be mounted on orbital and suborbital platforms. Orbital platforms are those situated in Earth’s orbit, such as satellites. Suborbital platforms are located closer to Earth, such as aircraft. There is no specific distance defined for remote sensing, meaning that the sensor could be, for example, one-hundred kilometres or one centimetre from the phenomenon observed and still qualify as remote. Most sensors record EMR (electromagnetic radiation), which changes depending on the properties and quantities of the phenomenon observed, allowing objects and their attributes to be differentiated. Sonar is another form of remote sensing, but it is not used nearly as often since EMR is usually better suited. Remote sensing has several advantages to other methods of...
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...Ga. Code Ann. § 6-11-62 – Unlawful eavesdropping or surveillance provides the following in part: (2) Any person, through the use of any device, without the consent of all persons observed, to observe, photograph, or record the activities of another which occur in any private place and out of public view. Pursuant to the above, it shows that any person under surveillance should give their consent in being observed, photographed, or recorded. If Slye Karguy did not approve of being observed, this is a violation of his privacy. This could have been legally completed by obtaining a search warrant by going through the proper steps with a judge. Under 56 A.L.R. Fed. 772 (Originally published in 1982), it states that using an aerial surveillance violates the rights of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution. A person has rights and without a proper warrant issued then that person’s rights have been violated. This demonstrated that the Fourth Amendment protects Slye Karguy against unwarranted searches. The Superior Court, therefore, erred in dismissing Slye Karguy’s claim and the State should be held liable for the unlawful aerial surveillance of his...
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...Running head: The Aerial Chair: Case Study The Aerial Chair: Case Study Awj Al-Nabali Texas A&M University-Commerce The Aerial Chair: Case Study The Aerial Chair: Case Study “Failure is only postponed success as long as courage 'coaches' ambition. The habit of persistence is the habit of victory.” —Herbert Kaufman Above Ground Design is a company built on one product called the Aerial Chair. Craig Hines brought the idea of the chair into action by using inheritance money he got. The chair was a design that he personally developed and manufactured in a small shop in Montana. He originally developed the Aerial Chair out of curiosity, and for his own personal use. Craig was passionate about his product and desperately hoped for it to be a market success. In fact, he was an architecture student in Montana State University until he dropped out of school and ended up in South Africa sewing hang gliding planes where the idea of the chair first came to his mind. After going back to the states, Craig started taking lessons in order to get a commercial pilot’s license. During that time, Craig started thinking about making the first step towards designing the chair and translating his dream and ambitious into an actual product. Basic drawings for the chair were made on a napkin and Craig based his design on the hang gliding planes that he used to do while working in South Africa and then the design was...
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...CIM 1 Introduction to Computer Information Systems Professor Sullivan 6/5/13 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the United States The United States declared war on terrorism on September 11, 2001 following grievous acts of terror committed against the Untied States. We have since exercised a power military force against out enemies that is one of the most technological advanced in the world. A controversial offensive strategy used by our military is to strike enemy target from the air using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS’s). Formerly known as Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles (UAV’s), these highly advanced mechanized drones have been a controversial part of our military since they have been commissioned for use. From friendly fire, attacking civilians, and crossing into another countries airspace illegally these drones and their pilots have proved that this new technology must be carefully used with a level of expertise and caution, and abide to international aerospace, war and humanitarian laws worldwide. The new domestic controversial issue that deemed unethical by a majority of the U.S. population is using these UAS’s on U.S. soil, as they are co notated as a military surveillance weapon. The Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) has just permitted the use of these drone to civilian, government, and research agencies with strict guidelines however, the FAA is planning to opening the skies to public and private drones by 2015 and projecting that more than 30,000 UAS’s could be...
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...failure of the project “Aerial” due to the lack of communication between TerraCog management and design, development departments. Background: In earlier starting days 1977, TerraCog providing high end sonar equipment to serious sports fishermen and boaters (Beer & Yong, 2008). Around the late 1990s, TerraCog started providing high quality GPS units, these units sold well, as the company already created a name for themselves. Problem: When a competitor “Posthaste “introduced a GPS prototype called BirdsI´ that displays satellite imagery, the TerraCog management signed off the competition as a fad but the product BirdsI´ was a huge success. In order not to lose the market, TerraCog management Richard Fierro, the company president, and Ed Pryor, the vice president, launched a GPS with satellite imagery named as “Project Aerial” without discussing with the design and development departments. Due to various reasons production cost, Unavailability of new technology better than BirdsI and busy with other projects initially they are not supporting the “Project Aerial” Opportunities: TerraCog had an opportunity to open door communication within different departments, this would give employees opportunity to contribute to the success of the new product. An employer’s attitude towards co-workers reflects in the quality of the work. By improving their interpersonal relationships, the company can regain their customer base. Recommendations: From a management point of view, the president and...
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...Miniature Aerial Vehicle – Airframe characterization R. Shivkumar, Hemendra Arya & K. Sudhakar Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai – 400076 e-mail: arya@aero.iitb.ac.in Abstract: Airframe design is an important step in the development of mini aerial vehicles. Airframe design means the shape and size of the aircraft. Issues related to mini aerial vehicle design are discussed in the paper. In this paper a case study of design of a 0.6 m fixed wing aerial vehicle is presented. This case study also brings out the requirement of various tools to conduct such an exercise. Introduction: Significant interest is being shown by academic institutions in research activities related to Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPV’s) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s). Flying platforms and their design with suitable payloads reinforce classroom education while exposing students to a host of flight related problems and issues of systems integration. There has been a long felt need to bring students, especially in the field of engineering, closer to the complexities and risks in dealing with actual systems. The Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Bombay has decided to make headway in this direction by developing remotely piloted aerial vehicles as experimental platforms[1]. The various disciplines required for such a design activity are aerodynamics, performance, structures, stability, control and propulsion. Each of these designs are different compared...
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...military .They come in all shapes and sizes, but no matter how small they are the danger of what they are capable of is still there. The military has used Drone aircraft or aerial vehicles during war for over 60 years; however their ability to use them during a criminal investigation has recently started. Drones have the ability to perform close-up aerial surveillance which basically keeps law enforcement officers out of harm’s way. Drone technology and aerial surveillance are recognized for their capability to perform close-up aerial surveillance as well as be able to guard our borders. These surveillance drones might also be set up with complex computerized imaging technology in order to gather detailed pictures of the different territories, people, and neighborhoods. The more advanced surveillance drones are able to deploy many different GPS navigational systems, infrared sensor systems, advanced imaging, computerized systems, heat sensors, movement sensors, as well as license plate readers. Drones, also known as UAV’s, have many different purposes. There are so many different types of drones in the marketing world. The most common ones have been used for military purposes. The US military has two types of drones. UAV’s, unmanned aerial vehicles, are used for high tech surveillance. UACV’s, unmanned aerial combat vehicles, are used for destroying targeted objects in war (Pugliese). There are many drones that can be mistaken for remote controlled helicopters as well. These...
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...Systems: Conflict and Communication on Project Aerial GEB314 – Group and Organizational Dynamics Professor Barry Atkins Carlos Albizu University Monica Estopinan Spring 2013 Introduction TerraCog is a private company specializing in high-quality Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and fishing sonar equipment. In spring 2007, the company took on a project to enhance their high-quality GPS handheld with satellite imagery; the project was named Project Aerial. The decision to develop the new enhancement resulted from increased customer demand, and loss of market share to competitor Posthaste, who in October 2006, introduced BirdsI, the “only handheld GPS with satellite imagery” (Beer, Young, 2008). By the end of 2007, TerraCog had developed a prototype of their version of a GPS unit with satellite imagery and planned to launch the product by the holiday season of 2008. Emma Richardson, the new Executive Vice President, was tasked with the launch of the newly developed GPS unit; she needed to finalize decisions on costs, pricing, and initial production volume. Emma’s main focus as the new EVP was to move the company toward greater operational alignment and increase cross-departmental cooperation. This focus was in response to existing tension between the U.S headquarters in Chicago and the production team in China. The development of the new Aerial would no doubt add to this tension. The design conditions of the Aerial GPS were handed off to the production team; but...
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...Terracog Global Positioning System : conflict and communication on project Aerial. Problem essay : Position statement: From the outset of the case it appears that determination of price point is the sole bone of contention between various players. However, a deeper analysis shows that the problem is beyond determination of the price point. According to my point of view the root cause of all the conflicts within Terracog is the lack of leadership, effective communication and vision and inter-groups conflicts. Lack of leadership is evident from the role the president , Richard Fiero. He was persuaded into making the decision by the sales Vice President Ed Pryor. Richard Fiero went ahead and took the decision based on only one source of information – Sales. He did not consult the other important players – Production and Design and Development. This shows his sheer lack of leadership skills. Before announcing the decision he should have consulted these important groups and come out with a consensus. The case shows Richard in a reactive mode. He thinks he can force the price he wants from Tony Barren. This is not what a leader should do. Further he clearly does not take help from Harold Whisler. As evident from Exhibit 2 Harold is a co-founder of Terracog and comes with thirty one odd years of experience. Harold also has a sound engineering background and in the past has contributed significantly to Terracog’s key sonar equipment products in 1980s. The president clearly chooses to...
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